直接引语与间接引语

,直接引语与间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）,Grammar,Book1Unit1,观察下面句子：,1.Hesaid,”Imgoingtoseeafilmthisafternoon.”2.Hesaidthathewasgoingtoseeafilmthatafternoon.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4.SheaskedTomifshecouldhelpher.5.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”6.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.,直接引述别人的原话叫_;用自己的话转述别人的话，叫_.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。,直接引语,间接引语,由以上例句可以体会出，直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词都会发生变化。,一句式结构上的变化：,1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连_引导,that,Eg.Shesaid,Iamveryhappytohelpyou.,Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpme.,2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词_引导,语序要改成_例如：,If/whether,陈述句语序,Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?Heaskedme_,IfIlikedplayingfootball.,3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。语序要改成_，记住，助动词do/does/did必须要去掉。例如：,陈述句语序,Theyaskedhim“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”,Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.,4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，使用ask/tellsb.todo的形式。saidto改为ask/tell/order等。例如：,1）Hesaidtome,openthewindow,please.,Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.,2）Theteachersaidtothestudents,Stoptalking!,Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.,此种情况的否定句，在_前加not。,不定式,Myteachersaid,Dontmaketoomuchnoise,boys.,Myteachertoldtheboysnottomaketoomuchnoise,注意：一般情况下，1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用asksb(not)todosth2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用tell/order/advisesb(not)todosth,二时态变化,1.Hesays:Iboughtyouabookyesterday.”Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookthedaybefore.,主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态_。,不变,2.“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.,Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.,当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：,即学即练,1.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”,Tomsaidthattheyarelisteningtothepopmusic,2.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”,MotheraskedifIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.,注意：直接引语是客观事实或真理时，变成间接引语时，时态_。例如：,不变,Theytoldtheirson,Theearthgoesroundthesun.,Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun,eg1.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。,巧记为：一随主,三人称的变化,1.Shesaid:“Iamhungry。,shesaidthatshewashungry.,eg2.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。,巧记为：二随宾,2.Mumsaidtome:“Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow.”,MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.,eg3.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。,巧记为：三不变,3.Mr.Smithsaid，“Heisagoodworker.,Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.,牛刀小试,1.Isaidtomydaughter,Dontmakeanymistakesinit.”（改为间接引语）I_mydaughter_anymistakesinit.,A.asked;dontmakeB.ordered;didntmakeC.told;nottomakeD.told;tonotmake,C,2.Mothertoldme_anoiseinthehall.,dontmakeB.nottomakeC.makenottoD.tomakenot,B,3.Theysaidtome,“Wewillseeyounextweek.-Theytoldmethat_A.wewouldseeyounextweekB.theywouldseeyouthenextweekC.theywillseemenextweekD.theywouldseemethenextweek4.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.travelsD.istravel,D,C,5.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid6.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm,D,D,7.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose8.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.Hesaid_.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher,C,D,9.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas10.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.,C,B,11.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.12.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heasked_.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong,C,C,13.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter14.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”