英语句型类别

英语句子种类,按句子的结构分为三种:,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),(一).简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语):.Tomlikesrockmusic.TomandJohnarefondofrockmusic.Tomsatdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.,简单句的五种基本句型,1._Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Helooksprettyhappytoday.高考经常考查的系动词:.“变得”_,_,_,_,_.“看起来”_,_,_“闻起来”_“尝起来”_“摸起来”_“听起来”_,主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P),getbecome,turngogrow,lookseemappear,smell,taste,feel,sound,系动词的用法:(注意三点)+_作表语;无_;无_;e.g.Thedish_.(尝起来好吃)Thestory_.(听起来有趣).,adj.,宾语,被动语态,tastesdelicious,soundsinteresting,2._Ourchalkhasrunout.Onhearingthenews,hecheered.高考经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）:“发生”_;_;_;_“用完,用光”_;_.不及物动词的用法:无_,无_,主语+谓语(S+V),happenoccur,takeplacecomeabout,breakout,runoutgiveout,宾语,被动语态,e.g.“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化”Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchangesinthelastfewyears._.Doyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?(改错),(),Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelastfewyears.,3._WearehavinganEnglishclass.MrWangwillattendthelecture.4._IteachyouEnglish.Heofferedmehisseat.5._Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Iheardthemcheeringinthenextroom.Isawthewindowbroken.,主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O),主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+V+O1+O2),主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+C),请说出下列句子类型:,1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywontletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.SheknowsFrench.5.Thegassmellsterrible.,S+Vi,S+V+O+C,S+V+O1+O2,S+V+O,S+V+P,(二)并列句(compoundsentence):,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,常用并列连词,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,both.and.,notonly.butalso.,neither.nor.,but,while,yet,for,so,or,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Icantaffordit.,Hewastired,sohewenttobed.,Thedressisreallybeautiful,butIcantaffordit.,3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.,Maryiscooking,and/whileJohnisgreetingguests.,4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.,1.Henotonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.,2.Notonlydoesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.,(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句:,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1._2._3._,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,指出下列各从句的类型：,Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Itiswell-knownthatthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldonAugust8th.Asisknowntoall,the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinaboutfourmonths.,主语从句,定语从句,Iwanttoliveinaplacewheretheairisfresh.Iwanttolivewheretheairisfresh.,定语从句,状语从句,请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。Illgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间状语从句),IllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.,assoonasthemomenttheminuteimmediately,Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果状语从句),Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Suchabigboxisitthatnobodycanmoveit.,Itissobigaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.,Thedressisbeautiful.Icantaffordit.(让步状语从句),Although/Thoughthedressisbeautiful,Icantaffordit.,Beautifulasthedressis,Icantaffordit.,按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1）陈述句（DeclarativeSentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）,2）疑问句（InterrogativeSentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（GeneralQuestions）：Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（WQuestions;HQuestions）：Wheredoyoulive?你住那儿？Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（AlternativeQuestions）：Doyouwantteaorcoffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：Hedoesntknowher,doeshe?他不认识她，对不对？,3）祈使句（ImperativeSentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sitdown,please.请坐。Dontbenervous!别紧张！4）感叹句（ExclamatorySentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊！,祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。Takethisseat.Dobecareful.否定结构：Dontmove.Dontbelate.,2）第二种祈使句以let开头。Let的反意疑问句a.Lets包括说话者Letshaveanothertry，shallwe/shantwe?=Shallwehaveanothertry?b.Letus不包括说话者Letushaveanothertry，willyou/wontyou?=Willyoupleaseletushaveanothertry?否定结构：Letsnottalkofthatmatter.Letusnottalkofthatmatter.,感叹句结构感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序,Howcleveraboyheis!Howlovelythebabyis!Whatnoisetheyaremaking!Whatacleverboyheis!感叹句的省略形式为：Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!Whatcoldweather（itis）!Whatacleverboy(heis)!,典型例题1）_foodyouvecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice2）_terribleweatherwevebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa3)-_Ihad!-Youreallysufferedalot.A.WhatatimeB.WhattimeC.HowatimeD.howtime,强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.1）Itwaslastnight_Iseethecomet.A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.which2）Itistenyears_MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as,反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用arentI.Imastallasyoursister，arentI?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantshaveneverblown(开花),havethey?,4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtnthe?/shouldnthe?5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.)，疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,dontwe?6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didnthe?/usednthe?,7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadntyou?Youdbetterreaditbyyourself,hadntyou?8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldnthe?9)陈述部分有Youdliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。Youdliketogowithme,wouldntyou?,10)陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Hemustbeadoctor,isnthe?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haventyou?/didntyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didnthe?Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,wontit?11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolours,arentthey?Whatasmell,isntit?12)陈述部分由neithernor,eitheror连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?,13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或指物的不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,isntit?14)陈述部分为主从复合句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,andheshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldnthe?b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didnthe?,c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idontthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,cantshe?15)陈述部分主语是指人的不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,dontthey?(doesnthe)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?.),16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?当dare,need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesntdaretogohomealone,doesshe?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。（前肯后可肯可否，前否后只能肯）Dontdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/wontyou?注意Lets开头的祈使句，后用shallwe/shantwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou/wontyou?,18)陈述部分是therebe结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isntthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。Itisimpossible,isntit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?,倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.,倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.,典型例题1)WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow,以否定词开头作部分倒装的结构还有：如Notonlybutalso,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,NosoonerthanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.,典型例题Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用部分倒装句(助动前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonlybut(also),nosoonerthan,hardlywhenscarcelywhen等等。注意：只有当Notonlybutalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonlybutalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.,so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.典型例题-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD