英文标点符号用法(句号分号冒号问号感叹号)

.,。Fullstop,Aperiod(AmericanEnglish)orfullstop(BritishEnglish)isthepunctuationmarkcommonlyplacedattheendofsentences.Youuseitlikeaknifetocutthesentencestotherequiredlength.Generally,youcanbreakupthesentencesusingthefullstopattheendofalogicalandcompletethoughtthatlooksandsoundsrighttoyou.,.,Usethefullstoptomarktheendofasentencewhichisnotaquestionoranexclamation.RomeisthecapitalofItaly.IwasborninAustraliaandnowliveinIndonesia.Notes：（1）Hehasonlybeentheretwoorthreetimes.（陈述句）（2）Putthedictionaryontheshelf.（祈使句）（3）Dontcry.（用句号）Lookout!（用感叹号）（4）Willyouweightit,please.（表请求）,.,2.toindicateanabbreviation（缩略词）Iwillbeinbetween6a.m.and7p.m.kg.千克c.c.（或cc.）立方厘米a.m.上午n.名词i.e.即etc.等等No.第Mr.先生（可不用）Mrs.太太（可不用）在当代英语里，有些指集体的缩略词常不用省略句号，如：UN联合国USA美国UK联合王国CPC中国共产党,.,3.specialcase-threedotsThisindicatesthatonlypartofthesentenceortexthasbeenquotedorthatitisbeingleftuptothereadertocompletetherestofthesentence.TheLordsPrayerbegins,“OurFatherwhichareinHeaven.”4.fullstopafterasinglewordSometimesasinglewordcanformthesentence.Inthiscaseyouplaceafullstopafterthewordasyouwouldinanyothersentence.Goodbye.Stop.,.,?questionmark,UseaquestionmarkAttheendofalldirectquestions.Becarefulnottoputaquestionmarkattheendofanindirectquestion.Whatisyourname?YoureSpanish,arentyou?Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Iaskedmysisterifshehadadate.,.,Note：Sometimesaquestionmarkcanbeplacedwithinasentence.Thereiscauseforconcern-isntthere?-thatthecurrentworldeconomicbalanceissofragilethatitmayleadtoaglobaleconomicdownturn.,.,2.Rhetoricalquestions(askedwhenananswerisnotreallyexpected)arequestionsanddeservetoendwithaquestionmark:Howelseshouldweendthem,afterall?WhatifIsaidtoyou,Youvegotarealproblemhere?Sometimesaquestionwillactuallyendwithaseriesofbriefquestions.Eachofthelittlequestionscanbeginwithalowercaseletterandendwithaquestionmark.Didshebuymilk?butter?beef?eggs?,.,Ifaquestionmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethatthequestionmarkisalsoitalicized:MyfavoritebookisWhereDidHeGo?Ifthequestionmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,dontitalicizethequestionmark:DidhesingtheFrenchnationalanthem,laMarseillaise?,.,Whenaquestionendswithanabbreviation(缩略词),endtheabbreviationwithaperiodandthenaddthequestionmark.DidntheusetoliveinWashington,D.C.?6.Whenaquestionconstitutesapoliterequest,itisusuallynotfollowedbyaquestionmark.WillyouwritemeagainifIcanbeoffurtherservice.,.,Note:Itisconsideredbadformtouseaquestionmarkincombinationwithothermarks,althoughthatisoftendoneininformalproseinanattempttoconveycomplextones:Hetoldyouwhat!?Thatcombination(orsimilarcombination)ofpunctuationmarksissometimescalledaninterrobang(疑问感叹号),buttheinterrobangcurrentlyhasnoroleinacademicprose(学术文章).,.,UseanexclamationmarkTheexclamationmarkisusedtoexpressshame,astonishmentorsurpriseortoemphasiseacommentorshort,sharpphrase.Help!Help!Thatsunbelievable!Getout!Anexclamationmarkmaybeusedtoclosequestionsthataremeanttoconveyextremeemotion,asinWhatonearthareyoudoing!Stop!,！exclamationmark,.,Anexclamationmarkcanbeinsertedwithinparentheses（括号）toemphasizeawordwithinasentence.Wehavesomereally(!)low-pricedrugsonsalethisweek.Ifanexclamationmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethattheexclamationmarkisalsoitalicizedorunderlined:MyfavoritebookisOh,thePlacesYoullGo!Iftheexclamationmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,dontitalicizetheexclamationmark:IveaskedyounottosinglaMarseillaise!,.,Youcanalsouseittomarkaphraseashumourous,ironic（反讽的）orsarcastic（挖苦的）.Whatalovelyday!(whenitobviouslyisnotalovelyday)Thatwasclever!(whensomeonehasdonesomethingstupid)6.Dontoverusetheexclamationmark.Dontincludeaseriesofexclamationmarks.Illnevergetitright!Note：Inacademicprose,anexclamationpointisusedrarely.“Whataniceday,”shesaid.,No!,.,；Semicolon,UsingSemicolonsAsemicolonismostcommonlyusedtolinktwoindependentclausesthatarecloselyrelatedinthought.Whenasemicolonisusedtojointwoormoreideas(parts)inasentence,thoseideasarethengivenequalpositionorrank.,.,Linktwoindependentclausestoconnectcloselyrelatedideas.Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.Icannotimaginehimlyingdown;Icanhardlyimaginehimsittingdown.Linkclausesconnectedbyconjunctiveadverbs（连接副词）ortransitionalphrases（过渡短语）toconnectcloselyrelatedideas.IrealizeIneedexercise;however,Illliedownfirsttothinkaboutit.Busesarealwayscrowded;hencehepreferstocycle.,.,Linklistswheretheitemscontaincommastoavoidconfusionbetweenlistitems.Therearebasicallytwowaystowrite:withapenorpencil,whichisinexpensiveandeasilyaccessible;orbycomputerandprinter,whichismoreexpensivebutquickandneat.Linklengthyclausesorclauseswithcommastoavoidconfusionbetweenclauses.Somepeoplewritewithawordprocessor,typewriter,oracomputer;butothers,fordifferentreasons,choosetowritewithapenorpencil.,.,Notes:Avoidusingacommawhenasemicolonisneeded:Incorrect:Thecowisbrown,itisalsoold.Correct:Thecowisbrown;itisalsoold.Incorrect:Ilikecows,however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.Correct:Ilikecows;however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.,Commasplice!（逗号粘连）,Nocoordinatingconjunction！（没有并列连接词）,.,Incorrect:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood,theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood,andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.Correct:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood;theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood;andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.,unclear!,Avoidusingasemicolonwhenacommaisneeded:Incorrect:Thecowisbrown;butnotold.Correct:Thecowisbrown,butnotold.Incorrect:Becausecowssmell;theyoffendme.Correct:Becausecowssmell,theyoffendme.,.,：colon,Useacolonbeforealistoranexplanationthatisprecededbyaclausethatcanstandbyitself.Thinkofthecolonasagate,invitingonetogoon.,.,Usethecolonafteracompletesentencetointroducealistofitemswhenintroductorywordssuchasnamely,forexample,orthatisdonotappear.*Iwantthefollowingitems:butter,sugar,andflour.*Iwantanassistantwhocandothefollowing:(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.Iwantanassistantwhocan(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.,.,NOTE:Withlists,youmayuseperiodsafternumbersandlettersinsteadofparentheses(括号).Thesearesomeofthepoolrules:1.Donotrun.2.Ifyouseeunsafebehavior,reportittothelifeguard.3.Havefun!,.,Acolonisusedafterthesalutationofaformalletterorabusinessletter.(Acommafollowsthesalutationofafriendlyletteroraninformalletter.)DearMs.Lee:3.Ifaquotedpassageisformal,long,orparagraphedseparately,acolonisusedtoseparatetheintroductorystatementfromthequotationthatfollows.JohnF.Kennedyissuedthisstirringchallenge:Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.,.,4.Acolonisusedtoseparatethetitleofabookorarticlefromitssubtitle.HighRisk:ChildrenWithoutaConscience5.Thecoloniscommonlyusedtointroducespeechinadialogue(suchasascript).Teacher:Whydidyouuseacolonhere?Student:Ithoughtitlookedgood.6.用于数字时间的表示，如16:45或4:45p.m.在涉及赛事比分的时候用来区分两队比分ChinabeatJapan3:2inthewomensvolleyballtournament.演讲稿中放在对主席和听众的称呼之后Mr.Chairman,ladiesandgentlemen:,.,COMMONMISUSESOFTHECOLON,Donotuseacolontoseparateaprepositionfromitsobjects.WRONGShewasinchargeof:registration,cabinassignments,andclean-up.CORRECTShewasinchargeofregistration,cabinassignments,andclean-up.,.,2.Donotuseacolontoseparateaverbfromitsobjects.WRONGIliketoplay:soccer,racquetball,andicehockey.CORRECTIliketoplaysoccer,racquetball,andicehockey.,.,3.Dono