分子、细胞与组织上皮组织

IntroductionofHistology&Epitheliumwangmin2015jiajia1994530,Whatstissue?cells+intercellularmatrix（细胞间质）Howmanytissues?,上皮组织:被覆上皮、腺上皮结缔组织：疏松、致密、脂肪、网状、骨、软骨、血液肌肉组织：骨骼肌、心肌、平滑肌神经组织特征：,Howtoobserveatissue?,Fixed（固定）Dehydrated（脱水）Cleared（透明）Embedded（包埋）Cut（切片）Stained（染色）(e.g.HEstain),HEstaining,HematoxylinEosin,nucleus,blue,CP&PM,red,basophilic,acidophilic,TEM,SEM,血涂片骨摩片,Histochemistrymethods组织化学Showcertainchemicalcomponentviaspecialchemicalreactione.g.PAS(PeriodicAcidSchiffreaction)过碘酸Schiff反应多糖：紫红色,Immunohistochemistrymehtods免疫组化,免疫荧光,Epithelia上皮(coveringE被覆上皮，glandularE腺上皮),1densecells,lessintercellularmatrix（间质）polarity极性3basementmembrane基底膜,被覆上皮分类,依据上皮细胞的层数和细胞的形状分类,单层扁平上皮simplesquamousE单层立方上皮simplecuboidalE单层柱状上皮simplecolumnarE假复层纤毛柱状上皮peudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarE复层扁平上皮stratifiedsquamousE变移上皮TransitionalE,Smplesquamousepithelium1）Endothelium内皮liningheartBVLV2）Mesothelium间皮liningbodycavities3）others:lung,kidney,脾脏外表面肺泡内表面,肠系膜,肾小囊,Simplecuboidalepitheliumlocatedinthyroid,renaltubule,smallbileduct.,甲状腺滤泡肾小管,Uterinetube:simpleciliatedcolumnarE,Simplecolumnarepitheliumlocatedinstomach,intestines,utrus,oviduct.,杯状细胞,Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumlocatedinrespiratorytract、epididymis(附睾）,支气管上皮,Stratifiedsquamousepithelium,Keratinizedstratified:epidermis(表皮)Nonkeratizied:oralcavity,esophagus,anal,vagina,TransitionalEurinarytract,Sweatduct:stratifiedcuboidalE,GlandularepitheliumItsmainfunctionissecretion,gland,duct,acinus,Exocrine,Endocrine:ductless,hormone,腺上皮和腺体分类AEndocrne,Paracrine(ductless),ExocrineBUnicellular(goblet),MulticellularCMerocrine(局浆),Apocrine（顶浆),Holocrine（全浆）(secretingstyle)DSerous,Mucous(products)ESimple,Compound(ductbranch)FAcinar,Tubular(shapeofacini)GPeptide-secreting,Protein-secreting(function),pancreas,SecretingstyleofexocrinecellMerocrinenolossofcellpartseg.pancreas,mammaryGApocrineapicalcytoplasmshedoffwithproductseg.mammary)Holocrinewholecellshedoffwithproducteg.sebaceousgland皮脂腺,乳腺,Serouscell-waterysecretionrichinproteinscentralroundnucleusRERatbase(basophilic)developedGolgicomplex(supranuclear核上区)apicalgranules（顶端分泌颗粒）“protein-synthesizingandsecretingcells”（大量合成分泌蛋白）,Mucouscell（粘液性细胞）mucin-secretingcellssecretesmucuscontainingmucoprotein-richinpolysaccharides-viscous(richin-OHgroups)crowedwithbigmucousgranules(paleinHE)basalflattenednucleus,Somatostatin（生长抑素）cellinintestinebasalG.cell（基底颗粒细胞）,paracrinecellpeptide-secretingcellprotein-,Specifiedstructuresepithelialcells,Freesurface,cellcoat细胞衣microvilli微绒毛cilia纤毛,Lateralsurface,tightjunction紧密连接(zonulaoccludens)intermediatejunction中间连接(zunolaadherens)desmosome桥粒(maculaadherens)gapjunction缝隙连接(communicatingjunctions),Basalsurface,basementmembrane基底膜plasmamembraneinfolding质膜内褶hemidesmosome半桥粒,CellCoat(glycocalyx糖萼),OligosaccharideschainsoncellsurfaceAssociatedwithcelladhesionrecognition(oldcells/cancercellsalternatedcellcoat)messengerinductionantigenecity(abilityforAbinducing)bloodtypesAtype:N-acetylgalactosamineendedBtype:galactoseended,Microvilli,Abundantatintestine(纹状缘）andrenaltubule（刷状缘）Fingerlikeprojectionsmembrane+cytoplasmAnactinfilaments(MF)axisIncreasecellsurface,ciliaUpto10umlongAnaxisof9+2MTstructureBeatingmovementviaMTslidingmotileCiliaimmotileorprimaryciliaor“monocilium”oneciliumonecell,nomotorproteindevelopedonsensorycellsodor,light,sound,sodium,Motilecilia&flagellum,Monociliaonlightcellsofrenalcollectingtubule（集合小管）,紧密连接（封闭作用，屏障作用）,Intermediatejunction（中间连接）,belt-likeorinplaques,encirclestheapicalcellportionholdcellstogetherAnchoredbyactinmicrofilamentsCadherins(钙黏着蛋白transmembraneprotein)projectintotheintercellularspace,Desmosome（桥粒）Spotlike:similartobuttonsMoststrong:bearInterfilamentsanchoredSpacecontainsdesmogelins(桥粒芯蛋白)desmocollins(桥粒胶蛋白),tonofilament,denseplaque,intermediateline,天疱疮-抗桥粒芯蛋白抗体,Gapjunction（缝隙连接）Numerous:neurons,cardiacmuscles,epithelialcells.Ingroups,6连接蛋白Forcellcommunicationmessengers(e.g.cAMP)passingthrough,Basementmembrane（BM),laminalucida+laminadensacontainsLaminin,chondroitinsulfate,typeIVcollagen,Hemidesmosome:halfdesmosomePlasmMembraneInfoldingsion-transportingcelllongmit