刺法灸法学英语

1. basic principles of CNT(1) always wash hands between patients.(2) Always use sterile needles(3) Always establish a clean field(4) Always wash hands just prior to inserting needles if hands have been contaminated.(5) Always immediately isolate used needles.2. (三棱针)three-edged needle :manipulation and procedure(点刺法)spot-pricking methodconcept: prick a certain acupoint or superficial vessels with three-edged needle to discharge a small amount of blood, so as to treat diseases. (1) needle sterilization: high temperature, or soak the needle in 75% alcohol for 30min; or use single used blood-taking needle(recommended).(2) Point/skin disinfection: wipe the point with a 75% alcohol cotton ball(3) Hold the middle part of the three-edged needle by the thumb on the side close to the acupuncturist, and index and middle fingers on the other side, and the tip of the needle is exposed for 2-3mm.(4) Pinch the area or the point with pressing hand, prick the point quickly and withdraw it immediately.(5) Let the blood(or fluid) out for several drops by pressing the punctured area.(6) Wipe off the blood(or fluid) with dry cotton ball(or slight wet alcohol cotton ball), and finally press the punctured point for a few seconds to stop bleeding.how much blood(quantities)from several drops to 15ml,or more; the color of blood changed from dark red to bright red. Depends on: punctured area(point, small vessel, deep vein). Needling methods. Condition of disease. Patients age. Constitution.（散刺法）Scattered pricking method-Pricking 10-20 times continuously around the local lesion.-Always combined with cupping.（泻血法）Blood-letting method-at deep and big veins, tie up the limb above the punctured area with rubber tube and prick.（挑刺法）Fiber-tissue-broken pricking methodbreak the white subcutaneous fibrous tissue at acupoints or A shi points.（适应范围）Effects: 1. moving qi and activating the blood. 2.dispersing swelling to alleviate pain. 3clearing heat to cause resuscitation.Indications: syndromes such as qi stagnation, blood stagnation, excessive syndromes, etc.(1) acute heat syndromes especially fever.(2) Emergency condition such as coma, heat-stroke, convulsion, etc.(3) Blood stasis due to local injury or bruise.(4) Chronic conditions due to blood stasis such as numbness, paralysis, etc.(5) Chronic internal disorders(with fiber-tissue-broken prick method)3. dermal needle therapy (皮肤针)强度intensity of tapping(1) light needling: tapping is applied with less force, and shorter time of contact of the needles with the skin. The signs indicating appropriate light tapping include slightly red skin engorged with blood after tapping, and without bleeding spots under the skin nor pain.reinforcing, for elderly, infants, patient for first visit, or for areas on the head and face with thin muscles.(2) Medium needling: degree is between light needling and heavy needling, the signs indicating appropriate medium tapping include red skin engorged with blood but without bleeding after tapping, associated with slight pain,-for most areas and the majority of the patients.(3) Heavy needling: tapping is applied with more force than medium needling, and longer time of contact of the needles with the skin. The signs indicating appropriate heavy tapping include red skin with bloody spots, associated with sever pain.reducing, for patients with strong constitution, or for areas with thick muscles.部位areas of tapping(1) tapping along the meridian courseDu Mai, BL meridian, for general conditions.(2) Tapping the corresponding pointsfor general or local disorders.(3) Tapping the affect areasfor local diseases, such as arthritis, sprain, skin diseases, etc.适应范围indications(1) skin disorders such as alopecia, neurodermatitis, etc.(2) general disordersheadache, insomnia, paralysis, hypertension, pain of joints, abdominal pain, stomachache, eye disorders, ect.注意事项precautions(1) check the needles carefully before needling(2) do serious sterilization of the needle and skin.(3) When tapping the skin, the tip of the needle should be keep perpendicular to the skin.(4) During the tapping, if some blood comes out, the local part of skin should be cleaned and sterilized;(5) Tapping should be avoided if there is an ulcer or injury on the local skin.4. 皮内针intradermal needle therapyRetain the needles for 2-7 days.注意事项precautions(1) do not select too many points for embedding for each treatment, 2-3 points selection is recommended(2) the points selected for embedding should be located in an area of the body where the needle can be fixed relatively easily, points around the joints are not suitable for this kind of treatment.(3) During the embedding, if pain is experienced, the needle should be removed and embedded again.(4) During the embedding period, the patient should be instructed to keep the local area clean and dry in order to avoid infection, in summer, the retaining of needle should not be for more than 2 days.(5) If local infectious was occurred, the needles should be removed.(6) No embedding needling method for ulcer, inflammation and hard masses with unclear reasons.5火针法fire needle therapymanipulation and procedure(1) selection and sterilization of needle area(2) 烧针burning the needle(burning the needle shaft first then the needle tip):burning till the tip is white and brightdeep insertion; burning till the tip is transparent red(very red)shallow insertion; burning till the tip is slight redvery shallow insertion;(3) insert the needle perpendicularly and quickly and puncture to the required depth.(4) Press the hole with dry cotton ball hard to close it to avoid pain and bleeding.(5) Apply a piece of adhesive plaster on the hole.6芒针法 elongated needle therapy夹持进针insertion :the thumb and index finger of the pressing hand grip the sharp part of the needle with a sterilized cotton ball and the tip of the needle is exposed. The thumb and index finger of the puncturing hand hold the handle of the needle. The tip of the needle points to the acupoint. When the tip of the needle gets close to the skin, both hands manipulate in cooperation and insert the needle into the skin by thrusting or swirling to the depth required.捻转法:twirling method7.电针法electric needling(1)选穴：according to syndrome differentiation, or the points with trunk of nerve beneath.(2)刺激参数stimulating parametersUndulate wave forms、amplitude of waves(波幅)、width of the pulse wave(波宽)、frequency(3)波形Undulate wave formsa. Dense wave密波: high frequency wave (30Hz,50-100pulse)-reduce the nerve irritability, produce inhibition on sensory never and then on the motor nerve.-Applications：analgesia，sedative effects and relaxing spasm.b. Sparse wave 疏波 ：low frequency wave (30Hz,or2-5pulse/sec)-It is comparatively strong and can cause contraction of the muscles and enhance the tension of muscle and ligaments.-Applications：flaccidity，atrophy and the impairment of muscle，joint，ligament and tendonsc. Irregular wave 疏密波 :alternately dense and sparse wave-This is a kind of wave ，which spontaneously alternates appearance of low and high waves within time of 1.5 seconds. It has a better excitation effect during treatment, can promote metabolism and blood circulation ,improve tissue nutrition ,and eliminate inflammatory edema .-Application: sprain and contusion , periarthritis, facial paralysis ,etc .d. Intermittent wave 断续波: rhythmically-interrupted electric dense wave for 1.5 second each phase .-It can enhance the excitation of muscular tissue and produce good stimulation to the muscle and make it contract perfectly, especially for striated muscle .-Applications: Wei-syndromes (flaccidity), paralysis ,etc.e. Serrated wave-saw-tooth wave 锯齿波-This is an undulated wave in which impulse amplitude undulates automatically in a serrated form 16-20 times or 20-25 times a minute.-Applications: rescue a person with respiratory failure by making artificial electro-respiration through stimulation of the phrenic nerve.(4)amplitude of waves(波幅)：the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage or current, the intensity of EA mainly depends on the amplitude of the wave, (0-20V, or 1-2mA). In the clinic practice, the intensity can be selected according to the tolerance of the patient.(5)注意事项precautions(1) check the electric stimulator to make sure that its output is normal before each treatment. Turn the output to 0 before treatment.(2) Adjust the flow of the electric current from small to large gradually, so as not to cause a sudden strong muscular contraction or pain to the patient.(3) In treating patient with serious heart disease, take care to prevent the current going through the heart. Do not apply electric needling to patient with an artificial pace-maker.(4) No EA on the lower abdomen or lower back, and sacrum regions of pregnant women. The elderly, people with weak constitution, drunk, over-hungry, over-eating or overstrain are not suitable for using EA.(5) A filiform needle, which has been burned during the process of moxibustion and has lost the capability of conduction due to the oxidation of its handle, is not suitable for electric needling use.8腧穴注射法point injection(1)Operation1.Procedure：Select proper points(with thick muscles),injectors and needleslocal skin disinfection -insert the needle into the skin quickly -gently thrust or lift the needle to induce needling sensation -extract the fluid by gently lifting the pistol of the injector -if there is no blood reflux, inject the drug into the point slowly 2. Depth of insertion : It should be various according to the location of the points. Intradermal injection on tender point on the face, or deep injection in the muscles of lumber region .3.Dosage of the drug: 0.1ml-ear point: 0.3-0.5ml-face; 1-3ml-four limbs;0.5-1ml-back and chest;2-5ml-lumbar and buttock; specific drugs (anti-biotic, hormone )-1/10or 1/3 of its common dosage .4 Therapeutic course : once a day ,or every 2 days, 10 sessions as 1 course ,5-7 days break between 2 course .(2)Precautions1. Care must be taken to sterilize properly to prevent infection ;2.It is necessary to explain the possible reactions caused by point injection to the patient , such as distension and tender at local area for 4-8 hours or even longer ,but less than 1 day in general ;3. Pay attention to the expiry date of injections . Skin test must be conducted for the drugs which ma