三年高考（2014-2016）英语真题分项版解析—— 专题21语法填空

2016年高考题1.【2016全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never suspects.【答案】61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one the other“一个另一个”。考点：语法填空2.【2016全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 50 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as 46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as.as.和.一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。【名师点睛】 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是考点：考查语法填空3.【2016全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia, especially the so-called rice bowl cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.【答案】41.and42.be made43.to create44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填aswhen。46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。48.development考查词性转换。the名词of，意为“的”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。49.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。50.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法用手拿，with表示具体工具的名词，故填with。考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句【名师点睛】语法填空的解题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。4.【2016上海】(B)Stress: Good or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)_ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)_, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _(annoy) with people over unimportant things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)_(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_ (get )ill.【答案】33.hasbeenregarded 34.that 35.better 36.a37.you38.annoyed39.control 40.toget35.better考查固定句式“The+比较级.， the+比较级”意为“越.就越.”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.36.a 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。37.you考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。38.annoyed考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。39.control考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。40.toget 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。【名师点睛】本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：强调句型：“Itis（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Itsmethatheblamed他怪的是我。强调句型最重要的句型是：Itis(was)被强调部分thatwho句子的其它成份。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：Itistheywhothatwillhaveameetingtomorrow(强调主语)Itisameetingthattheywillhavetomorrow(强调宾语)Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameeting(强调时间状语)4强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即Itisthatwho和Itwasthatwho。如：Itwasthewayheaskedthatreallyupsetme5判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的Itiswasthatwho去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。如：Itwasintodaysnewspaperthatwefoundthenews去掉Itwasthat之后，句子可以整理为:Wefoundthenewsintodaysnewspaper这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。常见考法:1用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschoolItwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem2用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty3用notuntil复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstarItwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan4在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：ItwasonJuly7th1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied考点：考查语法填空5.【2016四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies 46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and【解析】试题分析：本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。41.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。42.recently 副词修饰动词，故填recently。43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。考点：考查语法填空2015年高考试题1.2015全国卷The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61._(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62._ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63._(able) to “air condition” a house without 64._(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65._(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66._(cool) the house during the hot day; 67._ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68._ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69._(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70._thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2.2015全国卷Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61._(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 62._， Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63._(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64._are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65._(painting). Instead, Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66._ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo 67._(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68._(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69._(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70._(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。61arrived 考查动词的时态。天亮之前“我”到了阳朔，当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。62before/earlier 考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。63its 考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。64that/which 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。3.2015广东卷Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to _25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临，他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了另一扇门。16. a 考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。17. Luckily 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。18. for考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知，用介词for。exchange for交换，兑换。19. was left 考查动词的时态和语态。文章中的时态都是用的过去时，what与leave是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。20. when 考查连词。根据“the cow was eating grassit began to rain heavily.”可知，本句中一个动作发生，另一个动作正在进行，用连词when。21. fell 考查动词的时态。根据句中的died可知用一般过去时。2014年高考试题语法填空 2014新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_(patience). 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做。短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，为我们讲述了这样的道理：对于我们大多数人来说，做出改变需要的是努力和耐心。61. was上文提到的事情是1969年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。62. actually这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught。actually实际上。67. that/which也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。68. amazing空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词。amazing令人吃惊的；amazed感到吃惊的。69. changes对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。70. patientpatience是名词，因为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词patient。 2014新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_61_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _66_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _65_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _66_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _67_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _69_(I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, a