第五节 词的转译.doc

第五节 词类转译法（二）一、 转译成名词（一） 英语中有很多由名词派生或转用的动词，在汉语中找不到相应的动词时，可转译成汉语名词。1. 名词派生的动词1） Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。2） As the war progressed, this general would symbolize frustrations and defeats.随着战争的进行，这位将军成了受挫和失败的象征。3） To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。2. 名词转用的动词1） In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky.2） Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions.3） Some of them were already planning to staff the government before the Democratic candidate won the general election completely.1) 黎明时，天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。2) 美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。3) 他们中的有些人，在民主党候选人彻底获胜之前，已经在为政府计划人事安排。作业：1. The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two.2. The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.3. On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China.4. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works.5. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.6. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of the relations of two countries.（二）有些英语被动句中的动词，可译成“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。1）Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. government and press during this period, victimized for his views.2) Throw a tennis ball on the floor. The ball bounces back. In the same way, when light falls on certain things it bounces back. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.3) Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.1）在这期间，斯诺受到了美国政府和新闻界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。2）将网球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。3）由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。作业：1. He warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be damaged by a continuation of the war.2. His image as a good student was badly tarnished because of cheating at exam.3. He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. （三）形容词转译成名词1.英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，汉译时常译成名词。1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.2) Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and protected the poor.3) Those who huddled pitifully together were the old, the infirm, the ill, the very young. They were forced by Japanese soldiers to the gas chamber.1) 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。2）罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨富人，保护穷人。3）那些可怜地挤在一起的人都是些老、弱、病、幼者。他们被日本兵押往毒气室去处理。作业：1. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.2. Mr. Gorky had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured.3. All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away.2.此外，根据情况还有些形容词可译成名词。1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant- but soft.2) The Wilde family were religious.3) He was considered insincere. 1)史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。2）王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。3) 他被人认为是伪君子。二、 转译成形容词（一） 形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.2. The security and warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful.3. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.1. 她苍白的脸清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。2. 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了、3. 他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。（二） 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，可以转译成形容词。1. The blockade was a success.2. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.3. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.1. 封锁很成功。2. 他对这城市完全陌生， 所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。3. 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。作业：1. I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.2. He was still more surprised at the singularity of the strangers appearance.3. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.4. She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library.5. So the rehabilitation of the cabin became a necessity.6. The garden-party is a great success.三、 其它词类转译（一） 形容词与副词的互相转译1. 英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词可转译成汉语副词。1） Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us children turn apprehensive glances toward the door. 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们孩子不时忧虑地朝着大门望去。2） We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague. 我们短短地、不安地睡了几次，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播。3） It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the Presidents reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。2.此外，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。1) This is sheer nonsense.这完全是胡说。2) Buckley was in a clear minority.巴克利显然属于少数。3) By dialing the right number, you may be able to select a play, golf lesson or lecture in physics, from a pretaped library in a remote city, for showing on your TV screen.只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到由远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学讲座。作业：1. Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements.2. We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.3. “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two.4. Zigurd then acted as a reluctant interpretor.5. Ive often wondered, in the years since, whether I made the right choice.6. They regarded him as a potential adversary.7. He didnt succeed in ringing her up, for he dialed the wrong number.8. At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door.3.英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词可转译成形容词。1) The film impressed him deeply.这部电影给了他深刻的印象。2) The flyer routinely radioed another agent on the ground.飞行员跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。3) The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周到的准备。作业：1. The sun rose thinly from the sea.2. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.3. “I suppose boys think differently from girls,” he said.（二） 名词与副词的互相转译1.名词转译成副词1）When he finds a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.当他一发现有人可能反对他，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。2）About this time, our Party began to meet with a series of disasters, the substance of which was long-term blockade and bloody slaughter by ruthless Japanese imperialism and reactionary forces of the Kuomintang upon our Party.大约就在这个时候，我们党开始遭到一连