英语：2010届高三语法复习之非谓语动词课件.ppt

非谓语动词,2010届高三英语语法复习之,种类与作用,形式与构型,非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分,With复合结构做定语，状语,-ing-ed-adv.With+n_adj-todo-tobedone,和名词的关系为主动,和名词的关系为被动,表状态,表状态,表将来的主动,表将来的被动,1.Hesitshere,withhisfeetpointingtotheothers.2.Hesitshere,withhishandstiedtothechair.3.Theboyisplayingoutside,withhisfacered.4.Theboystaysathome,withhismotherout.5.Theteacherwalksintotheclassroom,withabookinhishand6.Hewenthome,withhishomeworktobedone.,n+,-ing-ed-todo-tobedonebeingdone,主动和进行,被动和过去,将来的主动,将来的被动,正在进行的被动,Theboygoingtoschoolnowismyson.Theplandiscussedyesterdayisagoodone.Theboytogotoschoolnextyearismyson.Thepantobediscussedtomorrowisagoodone.Theplantobediscussedpresentisagoodone,下列词语接不定式做定语,1.Change,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,way,opportunity,thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly.,不定式与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系Hesalwaysthefirst(one)tocometoschool.Thereisnoonetolookafterher.,eg.Heisthefirstpersontocome.,(2).不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.,(3).现在分词做定语表进行,过去分词做定语表示完成;单个分词做定语放在修饰词的前面;短语做定语放在后面.,aburningstickafallenleafThegirlstandingbythedoor.ThebookwrittenbyLuXun,主动和进行,时间上无先后,被动和过去,时间上无先后,主动和进行,时间上有先后,被动和过去,时间上有先后,-ing-ed-havingdoneHavingbeendone,否定式在-ing前直接加not或在ing后加never,表原因时可不分先后,1.Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifoundtheschoolisverybeautiful.2.Seenfromthemountain,theschoolisverybeautiful.3.Havingfinishedmyhomework.Iwenthomeimmediately.4.Havingbeatenbymyfather,Iwentouttoseemymother.,5.Nothavingreceivedhisletter,hewenthome=Havingneverreceivedhisletter,hewenthome.,否定式要not把加-ing在前面，或把never加在-ing后面.,下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。,Judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,honestlyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof.,目的状语TostudyEnglishwell,wemustpractiseeveryday.,结果状语Hehurriedtoschool,onlytofindshehadleft.,原因状语Wealljumpedtohearofhissuccess.,作状语,Inordernotto：可首句，可尾句Soasnotto：只可尾句To：可首可尾onlytodo：结果却，常指意想不到的结果,不定式的否定式，否定词Not或neverseldomhardly要放在to的前面。shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes,作目的状语的词,Attention,分词作其他的状语,伴随状语,结果状语,1.theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.2.Hesatbythetable,readingabook,Hisfatherdied,leavinghimsomemoney.,作主语,作主语没有太大的区别，表示一般的抽象概念用动名词，表示具体的个别的将来的用不定式,可用作形式主语结构或形式宾语结构.用it作形式主语.用for或of来表示逻辑主语.for不定式的特点;of人的特点1.ItsdifficultforyoutostudyEnglish.2.Itsfoolishofyoutoaskherforhelp,直接用动名词作宾语的词,直接接不定式,Suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,keep,leaveoff,putoff,keepon,giveup.,wish.hope,agree,ask,promise,mean,decide,expect,manage,offer,pretend,plan,refuse,care,fail,afford,determine.,有些动词可接不定式，有些可接动名词。无太大区别。但不定式表具体，动名词表抽象。,但有些接不定式和动名词表示的意义不同,regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示没做，接动名词表示做完.,trydoing,试用某种办法做某事;trytodo表示努力做某事1.letstrydoingtheworksomeotherday.2.trytoworkhard,andthenyouwillsuccess.,Start,begin:可接不定式可接动名词，意义相等。但下列情况只可接不定式.1.主语是人不是物。2.本身是进行时.3.其后的动词是表示心理状况的词.understand,realize,know,seeetc.1.Theicebegantomeltwhenthesuncomesout.2.Iwasbeginningtobeangry.3.Ibegantounderstandwhathesaid.,1.Isawhimplayingintheparkjustnow.Butnowheisntthere.2.Ihearhimplayingpianonextroom.Itswonderful.3.Isawadogtiedtoachair.Itsgoingtodied.,作宾补,doingsthSeesbdosthdonesth,用于所有的感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,feel,表动作在进行,表过程，完成,表被动,可接不定式做宾补的词：Permit,request,al