中职英语语法 宾语从句ppt课件

,语法名词性从句,nounclause,1,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),英语句子概论,2,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,3,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,4,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom,2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome,定语从句,状语从句,3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,5,NounClauses(名词性从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,6,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,7,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,8,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,9,宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。,10,宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。,11,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,12,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句,13,1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。,Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexam.,Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanpasstheexam.,注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。,14,一、从属连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaoknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.,引导词种类,15,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot.,引导词种类,16,二、连接代词which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,Iwonderwhowillteachus.Mr.Wangaskedwhosebookthatwas.Youcantakewhateveryoulike.,引导词种类,17,三、连接副词where,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。,Hedidnttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.,引导词种类,18,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?,Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?,Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.,Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?,Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?,Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.,CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?,19,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,20,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Itoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.,21,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.,22,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,23,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?,24,4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.,5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.,25,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,26,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,27,3.当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if;当doubt,doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。,Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedontdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.,28,4.当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。,Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidntseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.,29,5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：,一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.,介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加that从句，即“介词+it+that”结构。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略),介词except,but,besides及in后可接that从句。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.(that不能省略),30,7.只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：,介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if.whether引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.（如：Icantdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。,31,6.在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”。,Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Theleaderorderedthatthearmy(should)setoffatonce.,32,Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome,7.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：,Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?,willcome,comes,33,8.连词+宾语从句连词+todo,IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.,34,9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.,Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.,35,10.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.,Idontthinkhewillcometomyparty.IdontbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?,36,11.宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。except（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以省略。it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略。,Ibelieve(that)youvedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.Theteacheradvisedusthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoreadingandwriting.WeallbelievedittruethatMr.Smithwasntathief.,37,1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why,2.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein_wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A.whyB.howC.whatD.which,宾语从句专项练习题,38