10中考英语被动语态复习.ppt

RevisonofPassiveVoice被动语态复习,LetsLearn!,1.英语中有那两种语态？,主动语态和被动语态。,2.主动语态表示什么？,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,3.被动语态表示什么?,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Step1:Answerthequestions,WespeakEnglish.,例如:,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,Englishisspokenbyus.,被动语态,主语,谓语,宾语,4.被动语态是怎样构成的？,助动词be+V-ed(动词的过去分词),5.什么情况使用被动态？,1）强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态，可带by短语。2）不知道或没必要说出谁是动作的发出者时用被动语态。3）为了使句子简练，上下文的紧凑、连贯，常用被动语态,6.什么动词才有被动语态？,及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语大多数是物。,7.被动语态有几种形式？,常有三种，但不同的时态有不同的形式,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,口诀：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓变be加done,时态看主动。,主动语态,被动语态,Step2:主动语态变被动语态的方法,一、主动变被动的解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语（主格变宾格）,bythem,inthatfactory.,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,二、常见时态变为被动语态的演练,Shoes,aremade,(bythem)inthatfactory.,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,S+was/were+过去分词,Tencomputers,werebought,(bythem)lastterm.,一般过去时：,Theybuiltthetallbuildingslastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Theyusedthisroomforresting.,Thetallbuildingswerebuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,(bythem)intendays.,一般将来时：,S+will/shall+be+过去分词,Thework,willbefinished,Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschooltomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,4.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,bysomeworkersnow.,S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,现在进行时：,Therooms,arebeingpainted,TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtheroom.Theroomisbeingpaintedbyus.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,5.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,byus.,现在完成时：,S+have/has+been+过去分词,Twentymorekeys,havebeenmade,Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdownbyus.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,6.AmycantakegoodcareofTina,byAmy.,含有情态动词的句子：,S+情态动词(must/haveto)+be+done,Tina,canbetakengoodcareof,Lucymaydrawthepictures.Youmustturnoffthelights.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,Exercises:Turnthemintothepassivevoice,趁热打铁,一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone含有情态动词的句子：情态动词（can/may/must/haveto/）+bedone动词不定式的被动语态：tobedone,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，主要体现在助动词be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：,三、被动语态时态、人称和数的变化,1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。,Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.,例如：,(正确),(错误),Step3:语态转换时要注意的问题,2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词。这与动词和介词的搭配关系有关。,保留宾语,在间接宾语前加介词to.,=Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.,=Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.,Mothermademeanewskirt.,在间接宾语前加介词for.,=Anewskirtwasmadeforme.,=Iwasmadeanewskirtbymother.,保留宾语,Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.,例如：,语态转换时要注意的问题,趁热打铁,BobsentKatealetterlastyear.,=KatewassendaletterbyBoblastyear.,=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.,HetoldJimastory.,=AstorywastoldtoJimbyhim.,此类动词有：,tellaskbringwritesentgiveteachpasslendsell,sendsbsth=sendsthtosb,toldsb.sth.=toldsthtosb,=Jimwastoldastorybyhim.,makecutfindkeepbuycookdrawplaysing,Iboughtmybrotherabook.,趁热打铁,=Themealwascookedforus.,=Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.,=Abookwasboughtformybrother.,=Mybrotherwasboughtabookbyme.,Theycookedusthemeal.,Theyplayedussomecountrymusic.,此类动词有：,buysbsth=buysthforsb,cooksthforsb.,playsthforsb.,3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。,Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.,=Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.,例如：,语态转换时要注意的问题,约翰打开了收音机。,Johnturnedontheradio.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandmatakescareofmysister.,MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,趁热打铁,中译英：,TheradiowasturnedonbyJohn.,4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。,Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.,例如：,语态转换时要注意的问题,注意1：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等感官动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to.,Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.,例如：,hearsb.dosth.,sb.beheardtodosth.,Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.,语态转换时要注意的问题,4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。,Mr.GreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.,JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMr.Greenathome.,Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.,Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.,趁热打铁,makesb.dosth.,seesb.doingsth.,sb.bemadetodosth.,使役动词:lethavemake感官动词:hearseenoticewatch,sb.beseendoingsth.,此类动词有:,注意2：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把作宾语补足语的名词当主语用。,TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.Loveappleswerecalledthem.Theywerecalledloveapples.,例如：,(正确),(错误),语态转换时要注意的问题,4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。,Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.,Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).,Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).,趁热打铁,5.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。,例如：,Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.,几种值得注意的被动语态变化,Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.=Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,Itissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报导Itissupposedthat据推测Itishopedthat希望Itiswellknownthat众所周知Itisgenerallyconsideredthat普遍认为Itissuggestedthat有人建议,此类还有：,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：happen,takeplace,belongto,last,cometrue,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。,Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.,ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.,Step4:不用被动语态的几种情况：,例如：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,如：have/fit,IhaveaTVset.,Thecoatfitsmewell.,【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,Thefishtastesgood.,Thescarffeelssoft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态,【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,不用被动语态的几种情况：,Thematerialfeelssoft.Hiswordssoundedreasonable.Thebutterflylooksbeautiful.Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.,1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。,例如：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,Thedoorwillnotopen.(这扇门就是打不开。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(这衣服较好洗。)Thesignreadsasfollows.(这牌子告示如下。)Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好。)Thebookissoldout.（这书卖完了。）,2）write、read、sell、keep、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词well,easily时。,例如：,对比：,3）need,demand,want(需要),require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。,不用被动语态的几种情况：,6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,Thehousewantsrepairing。Thefilmisworthseeing.Thedeskneedsrepairing.=Thedeskneedstoberepaired.,例如：,直奔中考,Exercises:1.ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice,1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.,2.NorthwestChinagrowsthebestcotton.,3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.,4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.,TVsetsaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.,ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.,ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpong(bythem).,ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.,5.Themanagermadethemwork10hoursaday.,6.Chinahassentupman-madesatellitesintospace,7.Youshouldwatertreesoften.,8.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.,Theyweremadetowork10hoursadaybythemanager.,Man-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospaceinChina.,Treesshouldbewateredoften.,Treesmustnotbeplantedinverydryearth.,10.Theyareservingbreakfastbetweensixandnineoclock.,Breakfastisbeingservedbetweensixandnineoclock.,9.DopeoplespeakEnglishinyourcountry?,IsEnglishspokeninyourcountry?,11.Someonehadsetfiretothehouse.,Firehadbeensettothehousebysomeone.,Thehousehadbeensetfiretobysomeone.,2.Fillintheblankswithrighttensesandvoices:,1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.,2._ourcountry_(send)upanotherman-madesatellitelastyear?,3.Musttheoldpeople_(speak)topolitely?,4.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenshe_(take)tothehospital.,5.English_(speak)inmanycounties,buttheChinese_(speak)theirownlanguage.,6.Threequartersoftheworldsbooks_(write)inEnglish.,7.Thiskindofsweater_(sell)well.,8._Lesson50_(teach)nextweek?,areused,Did,sent,bespoken,wastaken,isspoken,speak,arewritten,sells,Will,betaught,3.Fillintheblanks:Paper(invent)_inAD.105byCaiLuninChina.Itisanimportantpartofoureverydaylives,butfewpeopleeverthinkabouthowit(make)_.Todaymostpapercomesfromtrees.However,withtheconcernfortheenvironment(考虑到环境),moreandmorepaper(produce)_fromrecycledpaperproducts.Sincepaperproductsareofdifferentqualities,theyfirst(sort分类)_beforethey(recycle)_.Thesortedmaterial(put)_intoahugemachine.,wasinvented,ismade,isproduced,aresorted,arerecycled,isput,1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingsintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook_often_fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aarent;takeawayBtakenawayCisnt;takenawayDbetakenaway3.He_(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）,wastold,B,C,4.各地中考题型,4.Thenewlibrarybuilding_lastweek.(09.广州)A.wascompletedB.iscompletedcompletedD.ha