joseph_conrad_ppt.ppt

JosephConrad约瑟夫康拉德oneofthegreatestnovelistsintheEnglishlanguage,1,2020/6/8,JosephConrad(1857-1924),2,2020/6/8,Briefintroduction,TheLagoon,Histhreekindsoffiction,3,aPolish-bornEnglishnovelistashort-storywriteranadventurer,4,HisLife,In1861hisfatherwasarrested.In1865hismotherdied.Hisfatherdiedfouryearslater.Conradorphanedattheageofelevenandwasplacedinthecareofhismaternaluncle.,5,TheFamily,6,LifeandCareer,ConradwasborninPoland(thenunderRussianrule)Conradwasthoroughlyboredwithlifeasastudent.Attheageof17,herealizedhislong-cherisheddream,whichhebeganhisservicewiththeFrenchmerchantmarine.In1878,ConradjoinedtheBritishmerchantservicethoughheknewverylittleEnglishatthetime.Withintenyears,ConradrosetotherankofcaptainandmasteredtheEnglishlanguage.,7,LifeandCareer,In1890,ConradtookasteamboatuptheCongoRiverintotheheartofAfrica.Thisnightmarishadventure,whichlaterfounditswayintoHeartofDarkness.Conradbeganhisliterarycareerbywritingshortstories.Afterhegotmarriedin1896,ConradsettleddowninLondon.Sincethen,hehaddevotedhimselftonovelwriting.Inhissecondperiodofcreation,hewroteseveralnovels,dealingwithsocialandpoliticalsubjects.Inhis20yearsofliterarycreation,Conradwrote31novels,severalcollectionsofshortstories,andquiteanumberofessays.,8,PointsofView,PessimisticideasConradwaslivinginanageofimperialistexpansionandcolonization,sowhathecouldseewasonlyanavaricious,predatoryandalmostpsycho-patheticworld.MoralOutlookConradwasprimarilyconcernedwithmoralideasinhiswriting.Fidelity,solidarity,dutycourage,hardworkandself-disciplinewerehighvirtuesofhismoralcode.,9,PointsofView,PoliticalAttitudeHispoliticalattitudewasratherconservative.Hefirmlyopposedtothepracticeofconqueringkillingandenslavingofthenativepeoplesbythecolonialists.ArtisticViewHeclaims:Theartist,likethethinkerorthescientist,seeksthetruthandmakeshisappeal.Hefurtherclaimsthatallartappealsprimarilytothesenses,andthattheartisticaimofliteraturemustmakeitsappealthroughthesenses.Hisartisticviewisalsoinfluencedbyimpressionism.,10,Thereisnomorality,noknowledgeandnohope;thereisonlytheconsciousnessofourselveswhichdrivesusaboutaworldthat.isalwaysbutavainandfloatingappearance.Amoment,atwinklingofaneyeandnothingremainsbutaclotofmud,ofcoldmud,ofdeadmudcastintoblackspace,rollingaroundanextinguishedsun.Nothing.Neitherthought,norsound,norsoul.Nothing.JosephConrad,11,FeaturesofHisWritings,Hewrotestoriesandnovels,predominantlywithanauticalorseaboardsetting,thatdepicttrialsofthehumanspiritbythedemandsofdutyandhonor.WhilesomeofhisworkshaveastrainofRomanticism,heisviewedasaprecursorofModernismliterature.Hisnarrativestyleandanti-heroiccharactershaveinfluencedmanyauthors.Hisshortstoriesandnovelsreflectaspectsofaworldwideempirewhilealsoplumbthedepthsofthehumansoul.,12,ArtisticFeatures,Inordertorevealtheinnertruthoflifeandtopresentaprogressionofmoralunderstandingofhumannature,ConradandFordMadoxFordlaboredincollaborationtoworkoutawholenewsetofnarrativetechniques.,13,ArtisticfeaturesTheuseofanarratorHeinventedanintermediatenarrator,Marlow,totellthestoryinanumberofhisnovels.Throughhimtheauthorcanreachdowntothesecretspringsofhischaractersemotionsandmoralizehisideasfreelywithoutruiningthenarrativeeffectofobjectivity,butonefataldefectofhisintermediatenarratoristhathetalkstoomuchandsometimesinthewrongway.ThemultiplepointsofviewHehasrealizedthefactthatmanhasverycomplexpersonalities.Therefore,toobtainpsychologicalanswerstomansactions,hepresentshisstoryfrommanyviewpoints,thusleavingthereadertohisownjudgment.,14,Artisticfeatures,TimeshiftsConradhasshownadispositionofintroducinghisherointofictionbypresentingastrongimpressionfirstsoastocatchthereadersattention,thehewouldworkbackwardoverhispastbeforegoingonwiththeprogressionofthestorytoitsclimax.TimeshiftisanotherdeviceexperimentedbyConrad.,15,HisStyle,Conradhasbecomeagreatprosemasterofhisadoptedlanguage-English.InafigurativelanguagesimilesandmetaphorsAlushanddensestylewithpilesofsharpimagesApoeticquality,16,HisStyle,ConradisalsoaforerunnerofthemodernEnglishnovelistsinhiscarefulcreationofsymbolicalsignificance.Hemakesextensiveuseofsymbolsinhisfiction.Conradisalsooneofthemodernistpioneers.Hismodernitylieslargelyinhistragicawarenessofmansdisillusionment,isolation,andsufferinginanalienatedandcorruptedworldofcivilization.,17,HisMajorWorks,AlmayersFolly(1895)AnOutcastoftheIslands(1896)TheNiggeroftheNarcissus(水仙号上的黑家伙1897)LordJim(吉姆老爷1900)HeartofDarkness(黑暗的心1902后来被改编成电影现代启示录)Nostromo(诺斯特罗莫1904)TheInheritors(withFordMadoxFord)(1901)Typhoon(1902,begun1899)Romance(withFordMadoxFord,18,19,20,TheSecretAgent(1907)UnderWesternEyes(1911)Chance(1913)Victory(1915)TheShadowLine(1917)TheArrowofGold(1919)TheRescue(1920)TheNatureofaCrime(1923,withFordMadoxFord)TheRover(1923)AnOutpostofProgress(1906)TheSecretSharer(1910),21,SeaFictionHeisverygoodatwritingoceanadventurenovelsandhehasphilosophicalthinkingforsomesimplemoralconcept.康拉德对人之为人的某些“简单的”道德观念的富有哲理的思考。,JungleFictionThroughthedescriptionoftheconflictbetweenWesterncivilizationandindigenouscivilization,heanalyzestheimmoralissuesbehindthewesterncivilization.通过描写西方文明与土著文明的冲突，剖析原始与文明交锋中西方文明背后的不道德面日。,3kindsoffiction,22,CityFictionUsingdarkcitylifeasthebackground,hedescribesthepeopleincomplexpoliticalissuestoshowallkindsofmoralparadox:loyaltyandbetrayal,honestyandhypocrisy,vanityandselfishness.以阴暗的城市生活为背景，将人置于更为复杂的政治漩祸中考察人的种种道德矛盾：忠诚与背叛、诚实与虚伪、贪欲与负疚、虚荣与自私,23,人是有道德力量的人，这是康拉德海洋小说的主题。康拉德的海洋小说始终交织着两个世界:汹涌翻滚的大海和激越磅礴的内心世界。大海成为康拉德检视人的道德力量的极致场所。,.康拉德的海洋小说:“几个简单的信念”,忠诚与责任:“持久的本质的东西”有克制的怜悯与同情政治秩序与道德责任,24,.康拉德的丛林小说：道德的发现,以海上的岛屿或丛林生活为主要背景，探讨的是西方文明进入荒蛮的东方岛国或丛林世界遭遇的道德悲剧。康拉德的“丛林小说”重在表达对殖民主义和帝国土义的批判，反映了一位有良知的作家对欧洲帝国事业的不正义性所作的思考和“道德的发现”。,文明冲突与道德矛盾文明冲突中的道德发现西方文明与道德重建的悲剧,25,3.康拉德的城市小说“蛇的天堂”,以阴暗的城市生活为背景，将人置于更为复杂的政治漩祸中考察人的种种道德矛盾：忠诚与背叛、诚实与虚伪、贪欲与负疚、虚荣与自私城市小说在主题上仍然是前面“海洋小说”和“丛林小说”的道德主题的延续，不过作者将人物置于更加复杂的社会政治背景下来考察，将物质主义、政治利益和个人私欲及自我救赎和忏悔等社会的和心理的因素融为一体，对它们之间的关系给予深刻的反思。城市小说要说明这样一个道理，只有通过忏悔才能达到人类道德的救赎，只有通过忏悔都市人才能驱逐那诱人走向堕落的“毒蛇”，重返道德的天堂。,26,康拉德小说伦理观研究王松林,文明的忧思和道德的发现评王松林康拉德小说伦理观研究邹建军华中师范大学文学院博士生导师,27,HeartofDarkness,28,Content,HeartofDarknessfollowsonemansnightmarishjourneyintotheinteriorofAfrica.AboardaBritishshipcalledtheNellie,threemenlistentoamannamedMarlowrecounthisjourneyintoAfricaasanagentfortheCompany,anivorytradingfirm.Alongtheway,hewitnessesbrutalityandhatebetweencolonizersandthenativeAfricanpeople,becomesentangledinapowerstrugglewithintheCompany,andfinallylearnsthetruthaboutthemysteriousKurtz,amadagentwhohasbecomebothagodandaprisonerofthenativeAfricans.,29,Content,AfterrescuingKurtzfromthenativeAfricanpeople,MarlowwatchesinhorrorasKurtzsuccumbstomadness,disease,andfinallydeath.MarlowsdecisiontosupportKurtzoverhiscompanyleavesreaderswonderingabouthismoralintegrity,andpossiblyaskingthequestion:HedidWHAT?ThenovelcloseswithMarlowsguilt-riddenvisittoKurtzsfiancetoreturnthemanspersonalletters.,30,Themes,Goodvs.EvilManandtheNaturalWorldRaceIdentityPowerWomenandFemininity,31,Themes,ExplorationMadnessLanguageandCommuicationFearFateandFreeWillTime,