2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件48：形容词和副词.ppt

48形容词和副词,形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。高考重点要求：1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别,形容词在句子中的作用,1大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语,如：abeautifulpark一座美丽的公园TheplayTea-house（茶馆）isbothmovingandinteresting.Wholeftthewindowopen?Howlongwilltheweatherstaysunny?Thesilkclothesfeelsoft.Howinterestingthestorysounds!,定冠词the+形容词,定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“的一种人”，“的一类东西或事情”。Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物将代替旧事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)TheLivingandtheDeadisahorrorfilm.,3有些形容词只能作表语如：叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。（错）Heisanillman.（对）Themanisill.（错）Sheisanafraidgirl.对）Thegirlisafraid.well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等,词加-ed和ing都可构成形容词,加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming,daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,inviting,pleasing,promising,shocking,striking,surprising,ly等后缀形容词,friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly(有品质的)：(错）Shesanglovely.（错）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（对）Hersingingwaslovely.（对）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendly有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyTheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.,形容词后缀,分两大类。一类是加到名词上的加到名词上的主要有：-y，：bloody,dirty,healthy,juicy,muddy；-ful：careful,faithful,helpful,peaceful,useful；-less：careless,harmless,noiseless,senseless,useless；-ous/-ious：dangerous;courageous,mysterious；-al/-tal/-ial/-tial：accidental,horizontal,colonial,influential；-ic/-etic/-atic，：artistic,sympathetic,systematic；-ish：childish,foolish,selfish；-like：life-like,business-like,war-like；-ed/-en：skilled,horned,golden,wooden。,加到动词上的有,-ent/-ant，如：dependent,different,observant,pleasant；-able/-ible，如：agreeable,comfortable,defensible,sensible(明智的;合情理的)；-ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active,attentive,imaginative,sensitive(敏感的;易受伤害的)；-ed/-en，如：advanced,noted,stolen,swollen；-ing，如：annoying,disgusting,entertaining。,形容词在句子中的位置,形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词，如：anexcitingAmericanfilm（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。,1）修饰复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示数量的词组连用，如：twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold3几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：afineroundmaple（枫木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse,二、副词,副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly构成，如：careful-carefully.副词主要被分为以下几种：1时间副词，如：often，early，usually，frequentlyalwaysconstantlynow2地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there3方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well4程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5疑问副词，如：how，when，why，where,副词在句子中的位置,时间副词和地点副词的位置表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。如：bewellenough,gofastenough,修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：singwell修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.,形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法,1两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。2Heisastallashismonitor.3两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容词原级+as”句型。Atraindoesnttravelsofastasaplane.4三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.,5比较级+and+比较级“越来越”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.6the+比较级，the+比较级“越越”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.,形容词和副词考点,1(1)Tomsoundsverymuch_inthejob,butImnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.(2006安徽)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly2Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!DuringthewinterIlikemyhouse_.(2005上海春)A.warmlyandcomfortablyB.warmandcomfortableC.warmandcomfortablyD.warmlyandcomfortable,3Shedoesntspeak_herfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(1993全国)A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas4(7)_,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.(2004上海春)A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange,二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律,5_totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(2000全国)A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave6Allthepeople_atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important,形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。,三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序,(7)JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa_car.(2004辽宁)A.largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite(8)_studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.(2004浙江)A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese,多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+)描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词,9Thehusbandgavehiswife_everymonthinordertopleaseher.(2004重庆)A.allhalfhisincomeB.hishalfallincomeC.halfhisallincomeD.allhishalfincome10(15)HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe_daysattheseaside.(1995全国)A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast,注：限定词的排序：前位限定词(指量限定词all,both,half等；倍数词double,twice等；分数词one-third,two-fifths等)+中位限定词(冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格)+后位限定词(序数词及last,next等；基数词及few,several等),四、考查副词在句中的位置规律,(11)IfIhad_,IdvisitEurope,stoppingatthesmallinterestingplaces.(1998全国)A.aholidaylongenoughB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough频度副词always,usually,often,never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：,五、考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别,(12)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_.(2004重庆)A.worriedB.toworriedC.worryingD.worry(13)Itisbelievedthatifabookis_,itwillsurely_thereader.(2003上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest(23)Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(2003京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring,六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异,(15)Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood_tohermother.(2002北京)A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing,七考查形容词和副词的比较等级,(16)Atyphoonsweptacrosstiffsareawithheavyrainsandwinds_strongas113milesperhour.(2006上海)A.tooB.veryC.soD.as(17)Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_accordingtohimself.(2005安徽)A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas,1.as+形容词/副词原级+as,2.notas/so+原级+as,(29)HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot_anativespeaker.(2004上海)A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan(30)Doyouhaveabiglibrary?No,wedontatleast,not_yours.A.biggerasB.asbigasC.asbigthanD.asbiggerthan,3.as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as,(21)Ourneighbourhas_ours.(2003北京)A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas(22)Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_itisascience.(2001全国)A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas,比较级+than,(24)Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?No,Ineeded_IthoughtIwould.(2006全国II)A.notsomuchasB.asmuchasC.muchmorethanD.muchlessthan(25)Mr.Smithowns_collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.(2005山东A.largerB.alargerC.thelargerD.alarge,6.隐含式比较级,有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象(26)Iwishyouddo_talkingandsomemorework.Thusthingswillbecomebetter.(2006江苏)A.abitlessB.anylessC.muchmoreD.alittlemore(27)Idontthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.Ihaveseen_.(2006江西)A.betterB.worseC.thebestD.theworst28Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch_shewasgetting.(2004全国)A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest,7.否定式谓语+比较级：有最高级含义,29Yourstoryisperfect;Iveneverheard_before.(2006全国II)A.thebetteroneB.thebestoneC.abetteroneD.agoodone(30)Bobranthe100metersin9.91seconds,andIhavenotseen_thisyear.(2005浙江)A.thebestB.betterC.themostD.more,.least+原级(最不),31Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechose_oneasshedidntwanttospendtoomuchtimeonit.(1991上海)A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive32Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_desiretogotobed.(2005江苏)A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast,10.the+比较级,the+比较级,Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,_.(2001上海)A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe,其它含比较级的短语和句式,比较级+and+比较级；nomorethan和一样不仅仅，；morethan与其说倒不如；lessthan少于；morethan多于，不只是，非常；moreorless几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；soonerorlater(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；whatsmore(而且，此外)；nosoonerthan(一就)。如：,(71)Iusedtoearn_thanapoundaweekwhenIfirststartedwork.(06陕西6)A.alittleB.afewC.fewerD.less(73)Maggiehasbeenfortunatetofindajobshelovesand,_,shegetswellpaidforit.(2005浙江)A.soonerorlaterB.whatsmoreC.asaresultD.moreorless,(75)Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesfor_anhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.(2003上海)A.aslongasB.assoonasC.asmuchasD.asmanyas(76)_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(2004安徽春)A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif,八、考查比较等级的修饰语,(79)Yourestandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove_?(2000上海)A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar(80)Areyoufeeling_?Yes,Imfinenow.(1992全国)A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter,1.比较级前可用abit,alittle,rather,some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中),any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”；用much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot,lots,agoodbit等表示“得多”。,(83)Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.(2005湖北)A.halfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfasC.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf(84)ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_energyasthewholeofEurope.(2004广西)A.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch2.half，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，或asas结构的第一个as前。,九、考查形容词such和副词so的用法,(88)Wewerein_whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.(2003上海)A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrush(89)Itis_workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.(1998上海)A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusual,(92)Wouldyoube_tostepthisway,please?(1982全国)A.tookindB.sokindC.sokindasD.askindas解析：Wouldyoubesokindas(=kindenough)todosth.?(请您/劳驾您做某事好吗？)是表示请求的一个固定句型。答案是C。,十、考查在语境中选择恰当的形容词或副词,(96)Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketleft.(2004福建)A.muchsmallerB.muchmoreC.muchlargerD.manymore(94)Mr.Smithusedtosmokebuthehasgivenitup.(2004天津)A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly,2.固定词组或句型中的副词,(97)MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_carefulwiththat.(2005江西)A.enoughB.tooC.soD.verycannevertoocareful或cannevercarefulenough，(99)Areyougoingtohaveaholidaythisyear?Idloveto.Icantwaittoleavethisplace_.(2006江苏)A.offB.outC.behindD.over,3.体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词,(104)Progresssofarhasbeenverygood._,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.(2006浙江)A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides(105)ImcertainDavelstoldyouhisbusinesstroubles._,itsnosecretthatheowesalotofmoneytothebank.(2006湖北)A.HoweverB.AnywayC.ThereforeD.Though(106)Thehurricanedamagedmanyhousesandbusinessbuildings;_,itcaused20deaths.(2006江西)A.orelseB.thereforeC.afterallD.besides,however,1.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnightssleep_muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever2.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although,1.用作副词,(1)表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句Phonemewhenyouarrive,howeverlateitis.你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。Howevermuchheeats,henevergetsfat.不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。Howevercolditis,healwaysgoesswimming.不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。Youwontmovethestone,howeverstrongyouare.不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头Howeverfaritis,lintendtodrivetheretonight不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。,这样用的however与nomatterhow大致同义。如：Peoplealwayswantmore,howevernomatterhowrichtheyare.人总是富了还想再富。HoweverNomatterhowhardIworked,shewasneversatisfied.无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Dontlaugh,howeverfunnyitmaybe.无论多么有趣也不要笑。Illtrytofinishitintime,howeverharditmaybe.无论多么难，我也要按时完成。,“however形容词或副词主语谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：Irefuse,howeverfavorabletheconditions.不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)Idratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmall(itis),thansharearoom.无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。,(2)表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。Myfather,however,didnotagree.但是，我父亲不同意。Myroomissmall;however,itscomfortable.我的房间很小，但却很舒服。Hesaidthatitwasso;hewasmistaken,however.他说情况如此，可是他错了,我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。Wealltriedourbest,howeverwelostthegame.Wealltriedourbest,butwelostthegame.Wealltriedourbest;however,welostthegame.Wealltriedourbest.However,welostthegame.注：however不能像but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号),(3)表示惊奇或强调：相当于however的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：Howeverdidyougetherewithoutacar?没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?Howeverdoeshemanagetowritemusicwhenheissodeaf?他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?,2.用作连词,用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如：Howeveritmaybe,Ishalltakeyourword.无论如何，我将会相信你的话。HoweverIapproachedtheproblem,Icouldntfindasolution.这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。Howeveryoutravel,itlltakeyouatleasttwodays.无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。Thepaintinglookswronghoweveryoulookatit.这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。,Ithink,thereforeIam,1Yourinformationisinaccurateandyourconclusionisthereforewrong.你的信息不准确，所以你的结论是错误的。2.Wehaveagrowingpopulationandthereforeweneedmorefood.我们的人口在增长，因此我们需要更多的食物。3.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemorecunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.因此，一个人如果不写，他就需要记住很多东西；如果不和人交谈，他就需要天笺机智；如果不读书，他就需要更狡猾，能够假装知道他所不知道的东西。,though,1notusedatthebeginningofaclauseinspiteofthefact,neverthelessItshardwork,Ienjoyitthough.HesabadPresident.Thereisnoreason,though,toshoothim.2,conj,inspiteofthefact,evenifThough/Eventhoughitshardwork,Ienjoyit.PoorthoughIam,Icanaffordbeer.Asthough/if,Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.,otherwise,1differntly,inantheotherway不同地，用别的方法Ihatehim,andIwontpretendotherwise.Heisguiltyuntilprovedotherwise.2apartfromthat,inotherways其他方面Fatherstillhasabitofhiscold,butotherwiseallarewe