2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件38：语法填空方法及训练.ppt

38语法填空方法及训练,语法填空题命题分析和解题技巧,考试题型(讨论稿)解读,语法填空这种题型的显著特点都是将语言知识或语法知识放在语篇中进行考察.文章内容题材,体裁多样化.一共10道小题,每道1.5分.,与原有题型对比:少了选项的干扰多了水平的发挥,能力要求:,词汇量构词法的变化和运用较强的句子分析能力与语法运用能力对文章大意的理解及上下文语义、语境的逻辑判断及推理能力,IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people_(report)tobebillionaires(亿万富翁)in2003.The_oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehismoney_startingthecompanyMicrosoft.Mr.Gateswasonly21yearsold_hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976.Hewasabillionairebythetimehewas31._,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemadelotsofmoneyateven_(young)ages.OtheryoungpeoplewhostruckitrichincludeJackieCooganandShirleyTemple.,reported,richest,by,when,However,younger,have,_ofthesechildactorsmadeoveramilliondollars_(act)inmoviesbeforetheywere14.But_youngestbillionaireisAlbertvonThurnundTaxisofGermany,who,in2001,inherited(继承)abilliondollarswhenheturned18!,8,9,10,Both,acting,the,解题技巧：,快速通读全文，把握中心意思。,弄清文章的体裁和题材、写作主线。,注意分析长句和复合句的句子结构。,注意上下文的联系。,根据上下文，分析空白处应填的词语的词性和语义。,对所填词语的语法形式是否准确进行检查,Practice：,Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewasneighbor.Yetofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothewhypeopledidntact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepshecanhelp.,1,2,3,4,5,killed,their,none,reason,before,Firsthehastonoticethatitisemergency.Isthesmokecomingintotheroomaleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?Itsnoteasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonally(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,thepersonwontgetthehelpheneed,6,7,8,9,10,an,from,more,responsible,or,TIPS：,1如文中提到的事实多、涉及面广，可采用抓关键词的方法，记住文中谈及的各个方面，从而判断填出答案。,2有时遇到看不懂的难句，读了几遍仍不懂，可作记号，暂时放下，留待有时间再来考虑,对命题的反思:,1第一次讨论稿在冠词的考查上出现了零冠词,而第二次却没有出现零冠词的情况。2第一次讨论稿出现从句引导词可省略但却仍要求填写的情况,第二次却没有出现这种情况3省略这一语法内容不在考查范围。4这类题型考查内容多为各语法项目的基本用法,难度并不见得比原有题型高,只要掌握方法,得分率也许不比单项选择的低。,5语法填空题所考查的语法项目比单项选择较少,所以应当强化重要语法的教学,如:三大从句及非谓语动词等,着力提高语法分析能力。6语法填空题如同完形填空，要求相应的推断力,应着力提高对语篇的理解以及对语境的把握。7省略、情景反映、多个并列形容词位置的排应不在考查的范围；倒装句和强调结构由于较难命题而考查的可能性不大。,People_(live)indifferentcountriesmadedifferentkindsofwords.Todaythereareaboutfifteenhundred_intheworld.Eachcontainsmanythousandsofwords.Averylargedictionary,forexample,containsfour_fivehundredthousandwords.Butwe_notneedallthese.Toreadshortstoriesyouneedtoknowonlyabouttwothousandwords._youleaveschool,youwilllearn,1,2,3,4,5,living,languages,or,Before,Exercise:,do,onlyonethousandormore.Thewordsyouknowarecalledyourvocabulary.Youshouldtrytomakeyourvocabularybigger.asmanybooksaswecan.Therearealotofbooks_(write)ineasyEnglish.Youwillenjoythem.Whenyoumeet_newword,lookit_inyourdictionary.Yourdictionaryisyour_(much)usefulbook.,6,7,8,9,10,written,a,up,most,Read,动词：1非谓语动词,todo,ed,ing,2助动词：do，did，does，will，shall，has，have，had,3情态动词：can，should，must等,（在时态、语态中考查）,（基本用法，虚拟，猜测的考查）,4短语动词,并列连词：and，or，but，so,从句引导词,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,代词,人称代词：I，you，he，she，we，they,物主代词：my，your，his，her，our，mine，ours等,不定代词：all,both,each，every,nonesome,any等,语法填空训练(一),Manypeoplearewonderingifitissafetotalkonthecellphoneswhiledriving.Mostofpeoplethinkthattheuseofcellphonesshould1(ban)whiletheyaredriving,2inthatcaseaccidentscaneasilyhappen.Agrowingnumberofstatesaremakingrulestokeepyoungdrivers3usingcellphoneswhiletheyaredriving.Whenthereis4caraccident,policeofficerswillfindout5anyofthedriversisusingacellphone.Therehavebeensomeverybadcaraccidents6(cause)bydriversbeingdistractedbycellphones.,Driverssometimesforgettowatchtheroad7(careful)whentheyareusingtheirphones.8payingattentiontotheroadcanbedangerous,evendeadly.Itisimportantfordriverstofocus9theroad.Theyneedtopayattentionto10isgoingonaroundthem.So,stopusingyourcellphoneswhiledriving.,Keys:bebannedbecausefromaif/whether,6.caused7.carefully8.Not9.on10.what,语法填空训练(二),ItwasmyfirstdayinHangzhou,theChinesecityfamousforitsnaturalbeautyandhistoryandIdidnthavemuchtimetospare.Iwantedtosee31muchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays32IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoand33togetthere.Itookoutmyguidebookinwhichtherewasalotofinformationaboutthecityswell-knowntourist34(attract)andstartedtoread.Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady35noticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced36.,ShesaidhernamewasMissBaiandshekindlyofferedtoshowme37thecity.Iwasdelightedandwasabouttoacceptherproposalwhenshesuggestedwefirst38(go)totheWestLakeandwalkalongtheBrokenBridge.IquitelikedtheideaofvisitingtheWestLakebutwasntsosureaboutcrossingtheBrokenBridge.39itwasbroken,didsheexpectmetojumpacross?AndIcouldntswim,soifIfellinthenIwoulddrown.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,40(close)mybookandwalkedaway.,Keys:31.as32.before33.how34.attractions35.who/that36.herself37.around38.go39.If/Since/As40.closed,语法填空训练(三),IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance(毅力),wereasurepath31success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,32wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,33(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,34,didntbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax35.,ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw36firstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositiveandpersevered37Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem38(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.39(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft40(complete)therest!,Keys:31.to32which33.waschanged34however35.myself36the37.until38solved39.Unfortunately40tocomplete,语法填空训练(四),Decidingwhatpresentyoushouldgivesomeoneisnevereasy.Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas31thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32(receive)thegift.Oneofthe33(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.MsChen34(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy35(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterests36Imademyfinaldecision.,ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore37Iworkedpart-timeandboughther38expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI39(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.Ilefttheboxwithacardonherdesk,andIwassureshewouldlikethem.40wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnteatMSG!,Keys:31.what32.receiving33.worst34.hadtaught/hadbeenteaching/hastaught/hasbeenteaching35.appreciation36.before37.where38.an39.wastold/hadbeentold40.It,语法填空训练(五),Anexpensivecarspeedingdownthemainstreetofasmalltownwassooncaughtupwithbyayoungmotorcyclepoliceman.1hestartedtomakeouttheticket,thewoman2thewheelsaid3(pride),“4yougoanyfurther,youngman,Ithinkyoushouldknowthemayorofthiscityisagoodfriendofmine.”Theofficerdidnotsayaword,5keptwriting.“IamalsoafriendofchiefofpoliceBarens,”continuedthewoman,getting6angryeachmoment.,Stillhekeptonwriting.“Youngman,”shepersisted,“IknowJudgeLawsonandStateSenator(参议员)Patton.”7(hand)thetickettothewoman,theofficeraskedpleasantly,“Tellme,doyouknowBillBronson.”“Why,no,”8answered.“Well,thatis9manyoushould10(know),”hesaid,headingbacktohismotorcycle,“IamBillBronson.”,Keys:1.Audly4.Before5.but6.more7.Handing8.she9.the10.haveknown,语法填空训练(六),Mysisterhaddroppedoutofschooland31veryunwisedecisionswithherlife.Shechosetospendhertimewithpeoplewhowerelost32shewas.Theyallchosetoignoretheir33(responsible)andsupportedoneanotherinalifewhichinvolveddrinkingandpartying.34(sad),theywerealllosingtime.Theywereyoungandhadthepotentialtobecome35theywantediftheywouldonlychoosetorespectthemselvesandbelieveinabetterlife.,Mysisterwaslostbutmyfathernevergaveuponher.Shemaynothaveevenknownitbuthisprayersandfaith36hermayhavebeentheverythingsheneeded.Iremembersittingatthefamilydinnertable37everyonehadgatheredexceptmysister.Onceagainshehadchosentodrinkwithfriendsinsteadofspending38eveningwithourfamilywholovedherverymuch.Wesaidshewouldnotcome.Butmyfathersaidshewould.Weallralliedagainsthim,39(bet)shewouldnotshowupandaskedwhyhewouldsaythat.We40convincedhewasindenial.Hesimplysaid,“Iwillalwaysbetonher,onallofyou.”,Keys:31.wasmaking/made32.as33.responsibilities34.Sadly35.whateverwhat36.in37.where38.an39.betting40.were,语法填空训练(七),TheThanksgivingDay31(come),aschoolteacheraskedherclassoffirstgraderstodrawapictureofsomethingtheywerethankfulfor.Shethoughtofhowlittlethesechildren32poorneighborhoodsactuallyhadtobethankfulfor.Butsheknewthat33ofthemwoulddrawpicturesofturkeysortableswithfood.Theteacherwassurprised34thepictureDouglashandedinasmilechildishlydrawnhand.,But35hand?Theclasswaspuzzledbytheabstractimage.“Ithinkit36bethehandofGodthatbringsusfood,”saidonechild.“37farmer,”saidanother,“becausehegrowstheturkeys.”Finallywhentheotherswereatwork,theteacherbentoverDouglasdeskandaskedwhosehanditwas.“Its38hand,Teacher,”heanswered.,SherecalledthatfrequentlyafterclassshehadtakenDouglas,ashortlonelychildbythe39.Sheoftendidthatwiththechildren.ButitmeantsomuchtoDouglas.PerhapsthiswaseveryonesThanksgiving,notforthematerialthings40(give)tousbutforthechance,inwhateversmallway,togivetoothers.,Keys:31.wascoming32.from33.most34.at35.whose36.must37.A38.your39.hand40.given,【答案与解析】31.wascoming过去进行时表过去将来时，感恩节即将来临。32.from这些孩子们来自贫苦家庭。33.most她料想多数孩子们会画桌丰富的感恩节佳肴，外加一只香喷喷的火鸡。34.at固定搭配，besurprisedat意为“对感到吃惊”。35.whose根据上下文，这里问“道格拉斯画的是谁的手呢？”36.must一个孩子说到，“它一定是赐给我们食物的上帝的手。”用must表肯定的推测。37.A另一个孩子说，那一定是一个农夫的手。38.your根据上下文，道格拉斯回到那是老师的手。39.hand老师下课时总会牵牵手他的手。40.given感恩节的真正意义并不在于我们收受了他人“给予我们的”物质东西，而是他人给予了我们机会，无论这种给予是多么的微不足道。giventous作后置定语修饰前面的materialthings。,语法填空训练(八),Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,318yearoldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop32satatatable.Awaitressputaglassofwaterinfrontofhim.“Howmuchisanicecream?”“Fifty-cents,”repliedthewaitress.Thelittleboypulled33righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberof34init.“Howmuchisadishofplainicecream?”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit35(patience).“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36(rude).-,Thelittleboycarefullycountedthecoins37.“Iwillhaveaplainicecream,”hesaid.Thewaitresswalked38.Theboyfinishedtheicecream,paidthecashierandleft.Itwasnotlong39thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurpriseatwhatshesaw.There,40(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennieshertip!,Keys:31.an32.and33.his34.coins35.impatient36.rudely37.again38.away(off)39.before40.placed,语法填空训练(九),Oneevening,Icameacrossoneofsonspaperswithafailinggrade.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname31Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.Itwashis32(nine)yearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasangry.ButIputthepaperasideandturnedtothe33one,atthetopofwhichwerewritten“Mydad”.Itwasapoemaboutme,34includedthetimeIhadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe35(break)hisfinger.SocarelesswasI36Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.-,HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand37goodmanyotherthings.Thatpaperwassuddenlynotnearlyasimportantasithadbeenafewminutes38.Idontknowifheplantedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto39(soft)theblow,butitworked.Insteadofaseverelecture,Italkedtohimaboutthepoemaswellasthefailedhomework,anditbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong40constructivecriticism.,Keys:31when32ninth33next/other34which35hadbroken36that37a38before/earlier39soften40with,Keys:31答案为when。在语境中考查连词的用法。32答案为ninth。考查序数词在语境中的使用。33答案为next/other。在语境中考查形容词的用法。34答案为which。考查定语从句关系代词的使用能力。35答案为hadbroken。考查语境中时态用法。36答案为that。考查对句子结构倒装句的掌握情况。37答案为a。考查冠词构成的短语在语境中的运用。38答案为before/earlier。考查对间接引语中时间状语的转变掌握。39答案为soften。考查构词法知识及对上下文的把握。40答案为with。主要考查在语境中对介词的运用。,语法填空训练(十),Avisittoadoctorsofficecostsfromfifteentofiftydollars.Itis31impossibleforpeopletopayforthemedicalcaretheyneed.ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkthatdoctorsareoverpaid.Mostdoctors,however,_32_(agree).Theysaythatthey33(require)tostudymedicineforalongtime.Tuitionformanyyearsofmedicaleducationcostsalotofmoney.Doctorssaythatitis34formostmedicalstudentstoborrowmoneyfrombanktopaytheirtuition.-,Becausetheirmoneymustberepaidto35bank,youngdoctorsneedtoreceivealotofmoneyfortheirwork.So,theycharge(收费)peoplehighprices36medicalcare.37,itispossiblethatthehighcostofmedicalcareinAmericaisunnecessary.38hightuitionisone39ofhighcosts,40waytolowercostswouldbetohavemedicalschoolsthatarefreeorhavelowtuition.,Keys:31.almost32.disagree33.wererequired34.necessary35.the36.for37.Therefore38.Because39.cause40.one,语法填空训练(十一),Someyearsago,SARSbrokeoutinthemainlandofChina,causingsomepeopletobekilledornearlygotcloseto21(die).Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime22(debate)whoistoblame.Themostimportantthingforthegovernmenttodoistofindoutthecauseofthis23(dead)disease.Theyinvitedallthemostexpertsinthisfieldtodiscussandquiteafewsuggestionswere24(put)forward.Someofthetopexpertspickedoutthosesuggestionsandtestedthemtoseewhethertheywere25(avail).,DoctorZhongNanshanchoseonepatientwhowasseriouslyillandhadlittlehopeof26(pick)upandhadthenewmedicine27(test)onhim.Tohisgreatjoy,thispatientrecovered!Hemadehiswaytohisofficeandtelephonedtothetopofficial,28(tell)himthisexcitingnews.For29(convenient),hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.Hismethod30(do)makesense.Notsoonafterthat,theotherhospitalalsocontrolledthisterriblediseaseandkickeditoutfinally.,Keys:21.death22.todebate23.deadly24.put25.available26.picking27.tested28.telling29.convenience30.did,语法填空训练(十二),TheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeopleslife.11reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget12(use)informationontheInternet13usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdontuseit14agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsites15shouldntlookat.Sobadthingsmayhappen16studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.,_17_isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,18usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake19ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face20(meet)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.,Keys:11A12useful13and14in15they16if17It18which19friends20meeting,语法填空训练(十三),Inmyfreetime,IreallylikesurfingtheInternet.WhenIgethomefromwork,Iturnonmycomputer,wait31itbootsupcompletely,andthenIgoonline.Iusuallycheckmyemailfirstandthenwriteafewmessages32familyandfriends.Isometimesscanthelocalnewsheadlinesat33favoritenewsWebsiteandreaduponthelatestlocalandinternationalnews.ThisWebsiteoftenprovidesvideonewsclips34youcanviewonline.Isometimesorderproductsorserviceonlinetosavemoneyandtimeinsteadofgoingtoastoreand35(buy)whatImlookingfor.,Forexample,I36(order)adigitalcameraonlinetheotherdayandsavedabout$50.WhateverIdo,Irealizethatthereareproblems37usingtheInternetincludingscams,identifytheft,andviruses,soImverycarefulnottogiveoutmy38(person)information.Furthermore,IdontdownloadoropenfilesIdontrecognize.UsingtheInternetcanbefunand39convenientwayofshoppingandfindingoutnewinformation,40youjustneedtobecareful.,Keys:31until/till32.to33.my34that/which35.buying36.ordered37.with38.personal39.a40.but,语法填空训练(十四),Storms31producedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexicosborderwithTexasonFriday,32(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The33(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.Thetornadoesdamagedseveral34(new)builtbuildings,toppledpowerlines35sparkedfiresthatwerelaterputoutinClovis,policeLt.JamesSchoeffelsaid.,Thirteenpeoplefrom36areawerehospitalizedatthePlainsRegionalMedicalCenter.Fivewereinbadcondition37headtrauma(外伤,损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenterschiefoperatingofficer.InLogan,threepeople38(take)toahospital,39othersweretreatedatalocalclinic.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldnthavebeenthereifhe40(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.,Keys:31.that/which32.destroying33.worst34.newly35.and36.the37.with38.weretaken39.while40.hadwatched,语法填空训练(十五),SeveralmenhittheSaoPauloMuseumofArtjustbeforedawnonThursday,December20th,2007.Authoritiessaidthat31thievesmusthavebeenwellprepared,as32tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintings33twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso34CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.Imagesfromthesecuritycamerashowthatthreemenbegantheiractionat5:09am,35theguardsinthemuseumweregoingthroughtheirshiftchange(换岗).-,Theybrokethroughtwoglassdoors,36(run)tothemuseumstopfloorandgrabbedthetwopaintingsfromdifferentrooms,somehow37(avoid)nearbyguards.Thealarmneverrang,andby5:12am,theyweremakingtheirescape.Afterthat,thepolicewereinterviewingthe30museum38(employ).“Everythingindicatesthievesweresenttodoitbysomewealthyartloverfor39owncollection.Hewasnotrichenoughtobuythepaintings,40hewaswealthy,”saidtheleadpoliceofficer,MarcosGomesdeMoura.,Keys:31.the32.it33.by34.and35.when36.ran37.avoiding38.employees39.his40.though/although,语法填空训练(十六),Wereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyourfamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethink31matterswhereyouwereborninyourfamily.Buttherearedifferentideasaboutwhatbirthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,32aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely33(succeed).Thereason34thisissimple.Parentshavealotoftimefortheirfirstchildandgivehimorheralotofattention.Anonlychildwillsucceedfor35samereason.Whathappenstothe36childreninthefamily?,Middlechildrendontgetsomuchattention,sotheydontfeelthatimportant.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,37,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunny.Butarecentstudysawthingsquite38(difference).Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidnttakemanychancesin39lives.Theyusually40(follow)orders.Rulesdidntmeanasmuchtolaterchildreninthefamily.Theytookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.,Keys:31.it32.who33.tosucceed34.for35.the36.other37.however/though38.differently39.their40.followed,语法填空训练(十七),Cryingmarriage?31(surprise),isntit?Factually,thecustomofcryingmarriageexistedalongtimeagoinmanyareasofSouthwestChinasSichuanProvince,and32(remain)infashion33theendoftheQingDynasty.Thoughnotsopopularasbefore,thecustomisstillobservedbypeopleinmanyplaces,especiallyTujiapeople,whoviewitasa34(necessary)tomarriageprocedure.Itisverymuch35sameindifferentplacesoftheprovince.Accordingtoelderlypeople,everybridehad