超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习PPT精选文档

1,2,一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个穿白色衣服的女孩,agirlinwhite,inwhite,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个正唱歌的女孩,agirlissinging,who,issinging,（定语从句）,定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。,什么是定语？,3,LiMingisaboy.,LiMinghasapairof_glasses.,形容词作定语,在复合句中，对一个名词或代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。,good,Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.,从句做定语,red,LiMinghasapairofglasseswhich/thatisred.,从句做定语,4,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）,Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.,Thenovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytoughing.,5,先行词,引导词(关系词）,从句,Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.,（被修饰的名词或代词）,（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）,修饰先行词的句子,一、定语从句结构分析：先行词+引导词+从句,6,ThisisthecardthatIvejustreceived.,先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）,引导词（引导从句的词）,从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that,which,whom,whose,Where,when,why,7,二、引导定语从句的关系词,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分,什么是句子成分？,8,五大基本句型,1.主语+谓语vi,2.主语+谓语vt+宾语,3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语,4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补,5.主语+系动词+表语,成分：主语or宾语,缺成分找代词不缺找副词,9,1.HarryPorterisaboy_hasmagicpower.2.Doyouknowtheman_wesawattheBeijingHotel?3.Iknowthegirl_motherisateacher.4.Hospitalisaplace_adoctorworks,Who/that,where,whose,whom,10,实战演练,1.Thisisbeijing_isbeautiful.2.Thisisbeijing_Ivivsted.3.Thisisbeijing_Ilived.4.Thereisahouse_roofisbroken.,which/that,which/that/不,where/inwhich,whose,主代词宾代词不缺副词的所属,11,1.Heistheteacher_canspeakFrench.2.Imnotinterestedinthebook_hasjustbeenpublished.3.Theteacherpraisedthestudent_Englishisthebestinourclass.4.Istillremembertheday_Ifirstcametotheschool.5.Iwanttoknowtheplace_Iwasborn.6.Iknowthereason_hewaslate.,Who/tnat,which/that,when,where,why,whose,12,1.Doyouknowthereason_shewaslate.,2.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.4.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,why,13,whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue,Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue,14,Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?,Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday,HeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.,15,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.,16,.,Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.,Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.,Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.,Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing,17,Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.,Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.,18,1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothere,D,A,D,B,C,19,6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_windowsfacesouth?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain_isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetop,C,D,A,D,B,C,D,20,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,21,when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,22,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.,23,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,24,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague,onwhich,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,25,why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,26,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,bywhich,27,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,28,Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim,Theboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.,Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,29,Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.,Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.,ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.,Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow,Doyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?,DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,30,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词+whomwhich,Thewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy,2.介词短语+whichwhom,Thefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.,3.不定代词或数词+whichwhom,Therearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.,4.名词+ofwhich,Shmentionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,31,partofwhom/which,Thereare23studentsinourclass,A:_(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijing,allofwhom,mostofwhom,someofwhom,noneofwhom,Thereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:_(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijing,allofthem,mostofthem,someofthem,noneofthem,32,Everystudenthasmanybooks,A:_（大多数）aretextbooks.B:_（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:_（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:_（没有一本）arenovels.E:_（有几本）areEnglishbooks.,mostofwhich,someofwhich,therestofwhich,noneofwhich,severalofwhich,33,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,C,A,B,B,C,做做试试,34,6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,D,C,D,B,A,35,11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure,C,D,at,of,in,of,36,17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.,at,for,in,through,with,of,37,1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,_treatedherwell,_madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_20aregirls;therestareboys.,which,Towhom,ofwhich,noneofwhich,which,ofwhom,38,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,39,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,40,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,41,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,42,Jacksawabicycleadvertisementinanewspaper.Thepricewas68dollars.Sohewenttotheshopandaskedtoseethebicycle.Thesalesmanwashappytoshowhim.Jackcheckedthebicyclecarefully.Soon,hesaid,“Thereisntalamponthisbicycle,buttherewasoneonthebicycleinthead.”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheman,“butthelampisntincludedinthepriceofthebicycle.“Notincludedinthepriceofthebicycle?”Jacksaidangrily,“butthelampwasinthead.Itshouldbeintheprice.”“Well,sir,”answertheshopownercoldly,“therewasalsoagirlonthebicycleinthead,butwecantgiveyouagirlwiththebicycle,either.”Itisanad_Jackisaperson_Thebicycleintheadistheone_,43,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.,Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?,44,Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.Jimaskedthatwhowon.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.,改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）,45,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,46,1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。,47,48,*As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.,49,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,A,C,D,D,D,D,B,D,50,定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和非谓语动词：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,broadcast,waiting,51,2.定语从句和并列句是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses3.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)finallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_a15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends,which,whom,C,52,AwhomBthemCtheyDwho1）MrSmithhasthreesons，noneofisacomputerexpert2Hehasthreesisters，aredoctors3）ShehasthreeCDs，butnoneofisinteresting4）Ihavemanyfriends，andallofareniceandfriendly5）MissYanghassomerelativeshere；likeherverymuch6)Hehastwosons,neitheroflookslikehim.7)Hehastwosons,andneitheroflookslikehim.8)Hehastwosons.Bothof_looklikehim.,A,D,B,B,C,A,B,B,53,3.定语从句和状语从句（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,that,as,where,where,54,1Youmaystay_youlike.2Weputthecorn_thebirdscouldfinditeasily.3Idlikeyoutotakemypicture_standstheancienttower4Bamboogrowswell_itiswarmerandwetalltheyearround.AintheplaceBintheplacewhereCtheplacewhereDinwhich5Iveneverbeento_mygrandfatherwasborn.AwhichBinwhichCwhereDthat,where,where,where,B,C,55,4.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)_isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,As,that,What,56,定语从句和强调句强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,(1)Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.,that,where,that,when,57,看谁区别的准！,1A.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedlastyear?B.Isthisfactory_youvisitedlastyear?a.thatb.wherec.inwhichd.theone2.A.MrSmithisoneofthoseforeignerswho_workinginChina.B.MrSmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho_workinginChina.a.isb.hasc.haved.are3.A.Dontdiscussquestionssuch_those.B.Letsdiscussonlythequestions_weareinterestedin.a.whichb.thatc.asd.aboutwhich4.A.All_Ineedisagoodrest.B._Ineedisagoodrest.a.WhatBAllwhatc.Thatd.Which,A,D,D,A,C,B,C,A,58,5.A.Pisaisacity,_hasaleaningtower.B.Pisaisacity,_thereisaleaningtower.a.whichb.thatc.whered.there6.A.Thisistheplace_wevisitedlastyear.B.Thistheplace_hatd.there7.A.Thenews_hetolduswasveryexciting.B.Hehasbroughtusthenews_ourteamhaswonthegame.a.whatb.asc.thatd.where8.Itisinabox_Ihavehiddenmymoney.Wellgo_weareneeded.a.thatb.inwhichc.whered.init,a,c,a,b,c,c,a,c,59,定语从句专项练习题初中中考衔接1.Donttalkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those4.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what13.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that16.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst下一张幻灯片,60,18.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything_toyou?