初中英语形容词和副词课件.PPT精选文档

1,形容词与副词,中考语法系列-,2,形容词和副词在教材中所占总词汇比例较大，用法复杂，每年中考题除了在阅读、听力等题型中间接考查而外，通过单项选择和完型填空题直接考查这两种词汇的用法。纵观和分析近几年考生在此部分的答题和出现问题的情况，关键在于同学们要明确这两种词的基本意义以及在语句中的功能和位置，如形容词具有修饰和限定作用，一般用来修饰名词，在语句中可用作定语和表语；副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子，一般位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之首。,中考对形容词和副词的考试要求：,3,形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.,什么叫形容词?,形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,4,eg:1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.,作定语,1.)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序直接放名词或代词前面,5,2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则：描绘形容词大小(长短高低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新旧)形容词颜色形容词国籍形容词材料形容词用途(类别)形容词名词Eg:Iboughtanice(好看的)small(小小的)round(圆形的)new(新的)yellow(黄色的)French(法国产的)oak(橡木做的)writingdesk(写字台).,6,但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：1.总体描述在前，具体描述在后；2.主观描述在前，客观描述在后；3.普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；4.音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；5.与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用and/or连起来(如：oldandyoung,longorshort,maleandfemale)放在名词或代词的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。Visitors,oldandyoung,weredelighted.不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。,7,Eg:anoldChinesestonebridge一座古老的中国石桥somebeautifullittleredflowers一些美丽的小红花,例题：1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith_boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold,答案点拨：C由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。,答案点拨A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。,3)-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe_daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast,答案点拨：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词those+three+beautiful+large+squareold+brown+wood+table,4）.Thehousesmellsasifithasntbeenlivedinforyears.A.LittlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle5）.Studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese,A,A,11,当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.e.g.,1.Isthereanythinginterestingintodaysnewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.,3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不形”,例题：1.Samishungry,hedliketoeat_delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Dontworry.Thereis_aboutyourillness.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.somethingThereis_intodaysnewspaper.Itsboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing-Whocanhelpus?-_.welldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要点：不定代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”,C,C,C,C,13,Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.,只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个？,aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable,作表语,所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：1.某些以a-开头的形容词：afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的ashamed羞愧的asleep睡着的awake醒着的Dontbeafraid.别怕。Nowthebabyisasleep.现在孩子睡着了。Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：误：anasleepchild,anashamedgirl,analivepoet正：asleepingchild,ashygirl,alivingpoet,15,2.某些表示健康的形容词：fine健康的ill有病的well身体健康的“Howsyourwife?”“Shesfine,thankyou.”“你妻子好吗?”“她很好，谢谢。”Hewasillandcouldntcome.他病了，所以不能来。【注】在美国英语中，表示健康状况的ill和well有时也用作定语。另外，以上词语若不是表示以上意思，则可用作定语：fineweather好天气，illnews坏消息,16,3.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词：glad高兴的pleased高兴的sorry难过的Imgladtohearthat.听到这消息我很高兴。Youwillbesorryaboutthislater.对这件事你以后会后悔的。Weareverypleasedwiththeplan.我们对这个计划很满意。【注】若用于其他意思，则可用作定语，如glad表示“(感到)高兴的”时，只用作表语；若表示“令人高兴的”，则只用作定语(gladnews好消息)。,17,4.其他表语形容词：certain确信的，一定的sure确信的，一定的fond喜欢的，温柔的ready准备好的，愿意的unable不能的Imcertainsurehewillcome.我确信他会来。Heisfondofmusic.他喜欢音乐。Wearereadytodoit.我们已准备好做这事。【注】若用于其他意义，有的也可用作定语，如certain表示“某”时，只能用作定语：acertainperson某人。,例题：1.Shewas_(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.04西宁2.Thiskindofskirtlooks_andsells_.04天津A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;nice,答案点拨：was是系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语，luck的形容词形式为lucky，但我们填上后发现句意不通：丢了钱她还能幸运吗？肯定是“不幸”，故应填它的反义词unlucky。,答案点拨：此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识点：系动词后跟形容词作表语，实义动词后要用副词去修饰。look为半系动词，后接形容词，sell为实义动词，后接副词，而well作形容词时专指身体状况“好”，nice是形容词，不难得出答案为A。,3.WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?Itis_.Ilikeit.04昆明A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interesting,答案点拨：既然喜欢，说明它有趣，作表语，故选D。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式：-ing和-ed形式，它们的区别就在于:-ing形式一般作表语和定语，修饰物。如：Itwasaninterestingbook.Thebookisinteresting.；-ed形式其主语常应该是人，而不是物。如：Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.他开始对科学非常感兴趣。,4.Theappletastes_andsells_.A.well;wellB.good;goodC.good;wellD.well;good5.Youranswersounds_.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting6.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sady,C,A,A,21,某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语有的已构成固定词组。,作宾语补足语,22,可用到的形容词有:happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressedout，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick,eg.1.Doyoulikeyourteaweakorstrong?你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean你应保持教室清洁。3.Theboywasbeatenblackandblue男孩被打得青一块紫一块。4.Hemadeushappy.5.Colouritgreen.,24,Thankyouverymuch!Seeyounextperiod!,下节再见！,25,形容词的构成,26,形容词的构成通常有:,forgetforgetfulhelphelpfulwonderwonderfuluseusefulcarecarefulbeautybeautifulthankthankfulcolour-colourful,1、+ful,27,2、ed,exciteexcitedworryworriedsurprisesurprisedcloseclosedfeatherfeatheredinterestinterestedfrightenfrightened,28,3、+ing,interestinterestingexciteexcitingsurprisesurprisingfollowfollowing,29,sunsunnysnowsnowywindwindyrain-rainycloudcloudyhealthhealthy,4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词,30,wool-woolenwood-wooden,5、+en,6、+ern(东西南北),east-easternwest-westernsouth-southernnorth-northern,31,7.由“名词+ly”构成friendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely,32,7.复合形容词,（1）形容词v-ing，同“系表结构”agood-lookingboyaboywholooksgood相貌好看的男孩anordinary-lookingman相貌平常的人nice-smellingflowers香气扑鼻的花（2）副词过去分词，同“被动的定语从句”awell-writtennovelanovelthatiswellwritten写得好的小说best-housedpeople居住条件最好的人anewly-publishedarticle新发表的文章,33,（3）形容词带ed后缀的名词anill-temperedmanamanwhosetemperisill脾气坏的人short-sightedstudentsstudentswithshortsight近视的学生sweet-tempered性情温和的tender-hearted软心肠的（4）名词形容词，名词如同状语，修饰形容词anapple-greenshirtashirtbeingasgreenasapple苹果绿衬衫snow-whitewalls雪白的墙apieceofsky-bluecloth一块天蓝色的布,34,Letsfillintheblanks,形容词的比较级和最高级构成和用法,35,Letsfillintheblanks,形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：原级；比较级；最高级。,36,Letsfillintheblanks,形容词的比较级和最高级构成,规则变化,不规则变化,37,tallerharderlargerwider,tallesthardestlargestwidest,biggerhotterfatterwetter,biggesthottestfattestwettest,happierdrierearlier,happiestdriestearliest,narrowercleverer,narrowestcleverest,moredifficultmorepopularmoreslowly,mostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,规则变化,38,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远,39,但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent,wonderful,favorite等。,比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：alittle,much,alot,still,even,some,any,far等。例如：1）Myshirtismuchcheaperthanyours.我的衬衫比你的便宜。2）Lesson3isverydifficult,butLesson5isevenmoredifficult.第3课很难，但是第5课更难。,40,注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.,41,形容词原级的常用句型,TomisastallasMike.,as+形容词原形+as,Thereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.,否定notas+形容词原形+as“和不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及不如,TomisnotastallasMike.,42,Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.,so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词that丛句,Heissobigthathecantentertheroombythedoor.,too+原级+todosth.,Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.,形容词原级+enoughtodosth.,形容词原级的常用句型,43,1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短：much(的多)、alot(的多)、even(更)、still（更）、abit/alittle(一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.,形容词比较级的常用句型,44,4、isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、数量+比较级thanHeisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级，the+比较级“越，就越”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖,45,1.oneofthe+最高级+名词复数,形容词最高级的常用句型,2.最高级+of(in)(三者及以上范围的),3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句,LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.,ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.,Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.,46,形容词最高级的常用句型,5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina,4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?,47,注意：最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如：Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。例如：Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,48,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。e.g.,什么叫副词?,very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.,49,副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：1、时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,anxiously等.,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,副词的种类,50,4、程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）6、关系副词：when,where,why（通常引导宾语从句）7、连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,副词的种类,51,五、副词的比较等级构成和用法1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：原级；比较级；最高级。,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,52,2）不规则变化,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,53,副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.,形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.,Attentions,MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.,Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.,fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowlymostslowly,54,注意：1、副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能说：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,55,注意：3、频度副词的比例表：always100%,usually80%,often70%60%,sometimes,attimes30%40%,seldom,hardlyever5%,never0%,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,56,2、such和so的区分1）such是形容词，常修饰名词。它有如下结构：such+a/an+形容词+n.(可数名词单数)，如：Itssuchabeautifulflower.Youhavetoldussuchaninterestingstory.such+形容词+n.(可数名词复数)，如：Youhavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.such+形容词+n.(不可数名词)，如：ImverygladthatIcangetsuchgoodadvicefromyou.,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,57,2、such和so的区分2）so是副词，表示程度，修饰形容词或副词。它有如下结构：so+形容词/副词，如：ThisquestionissodifficultthatIcantanswerit.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，如：Thisissodifficultaquestionthatallofuscannotanswerit.另外在many,much,few,little+名词的前面，只能用so,不能用such。例如：ThereissolittlemilkintherefrigeratorthatIhavetobuysome.,中考英语专项复习形容词和副词,58,【例1】Whichis_seasoninBeijing?Ithinkitsautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest,典型例题解析,【例2】Itis_todaythanyesterday.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?A.thehottestB.hotC.hottestD.hotter,D,D,【例3】Jimisrunning_Bruce.Theyreneckandneck,黑龙江A.fasterthanB.asfastasC.asfasterasD.moreslowlythan,B,59,典型例题解析,【例4】Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome_,butshedidntfeel_.A.alone,lonelyB.lonelyaloneC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone,【例5】Isthephysicsproblem_?Yes,Icanworkitout_.A.easy,easilyB.easy,easyC.easily,easyD.easily,easily,A,A,60,.根据句意填空。1.Whichfilmis_thisoneorthatone?(interesting)2.IthinkEnglishisoneof_subjectsinmiddleschool(important).3.LiLeidoesntstudyso_ashissister.(care)4.Annisalittle_thanJoan,butsheismuch_.(young,tall)5.TheChangjiangRiverisvery_.ItsThethird_riverintheworld.(long),课时训练,moreinteresting,themostimportant,carefully,younger,taller,long,longest,61,.单项选择1.Whata_cough!Youseen_ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning_.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven_now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst,课时训练,A,D,C,62,4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran_ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quickly5.Keepquiet,please.Its_noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.Haveyou_spokentoaforeigner?No,_.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboy,A,C,B,C,63,8.Illgoandvisityou_nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.-Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?-Itwasverybad.Itrained_peoplecould_goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas_asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportant,C,D,A,64,11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.Its_usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks_.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.Weveneverheardof_storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes_A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak_?Istillcantfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowly,课时训练,B,B,A,B,D,65,1.-Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?-No,chemistryisntas_asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult,2.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris_oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear,3.Thebreadis_thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious,C,B,B,二.单选题,4.Inourcityits_inJuly,butitiseven_inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotter,D,66,10.TheYellowRiveristhesecond_(long)riverinChina.,11.ZhaoLeiisoneof_(young)boysinhisschool.,12.Whichis_(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?,longest,theyoungest,thebiggest,四.用所给词的适当形式填空.,13.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis_(tall)ofthethree.,thetallest,14.MountQomolangmais_(high)intheworld.,thehighest,15.Jimjumped_(high)oftheall.,highest,67,五.请在下面的横线上填入正确的词16.篮子里的苹果比箱子里的苹果更好吃.Theapplesinthebasketaremoredeliciousthan_inthebox.17.李先生讲的故事比王先生讲的更有趣ThestoryMrLitoldusismoreinterestingthan_MrWangtoldus.18.瓶子里的水比杯子里的水干净。Thewaterinthebottleiscleanerthan_Intheglass.,those,theone,that,68,19.魏华跑得比李雷慢许多。Weihuaruns_thanLilei,20.上海比美国的任何城市都更大.Shanghaiisbiggerthan_intheUSA.21.杭州比中国的任何城市都更美.Hangzhouismorebeautifulthan_inChina.,anycity,anyothercity,muchmoreslowly,69,1.Thebreadis_thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious,2.LinTaojumped_inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar,3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed_A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiest,C,C,Practice,A,70,4.Inourcityits_inJuly,butitiseven_inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond_islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis_thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavier,D,C,D,71,7.Ahorseis_thanadog.A.muchheavyB.moreheavierC.muchheavierD.moreheavy8.Emmaalwaysmakesalotofmistakes.Sheis_.A.careB.carefulC.carefullyD.careless9.Whichsubjectis_,physicsorchemistry?A.interestingB.mostinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting,C,D,C,72,10.Heis_enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongB.strongerC.muchstrongerD.thestrongest11.Lileioftentalks_butdoes_soeveryonesaysheisagoodboy.A.lessmoreB.fewmuchC.morelittleD.littlemany12.Whenthefamoussingerstartedtosing,everyonebegantoshoutvery_.A.loudlyB.loudC.heavilyD.high,A,A,A,73,1.(北京