骨科查体英文完整

examnationoforthopedics,video,.,order：visualexaminationpalpationpercussdynamicdiagnosisspecialtest;,体格检查,.,principlesofPhysicalexamination,FullexposureBilateralcontrastuninjuredsidefirst,uninjuredsidesecondActivefirst,passivesecondcomprehensive、repeatedly、soft,.,visualexamination,gaitandgestureThereisnoskinredness,cyanosis,pigmentationorvenousengorgementSofttissueswellingandmassMusclecontractionormusclefiberfibrillationScar,wound,sinussecretions,anditspropertiesWoundshapeanddepth,thereisnoforeignbodyresidualandactivebleedingabnormalities,suchasscoliosis,limbshorteningandsoon.,.,.,.,palpation,tenderness：position、depth、scope、levelandqualityabnormalactivityandbonerubfeeling,playringLocaltemperatureandsensation,bilateralcontrast,.,percussion,percussionpainpercussionpainofLimbaxialIndirectspinalpainTinel,.,dynamicdiagnosis,Checktherangeofmotionofthejointandthecontractionofthemuscle.activemovementpassiveexercise,.,量诊,LimblengthmeasurementMeasurementoflimbcircumferenceactivemovement;freeexercise,.,Threeplanesofhumanjointmotion,.,关节测量方法中立位零度法,.,Relatednervoussystemexamination,Musclevolume,muscletension,musclestrength,ataxiaMusclestrengthratingcriteria0：Musclestrengthcompletelydisappeared,nomusclecontractionI：Mildmusclecontraction,jointscannotbeactiveII：Musclecontraction,jointmovement,butnotagainstthegravityofthebodyIII：Canresistthegravityofthebodytomakejointactivities,butcannotresisttheresistanceIV：Resistancetoexternalresistance,butweakmusclestrengthV：Normalmusclestrength,.,upperlimbjoint,ShoulderjointexaminationElbowjointinspectionWristandhand,.,Shoulderjointexamination,Visualexamination,wingedscapula：costoscapularisparalysation,Squareshoulderdeformity,.,Shoulderjointexamination,palpation,Emptinessoftheshoulder,Dugas征,.,Specialinspection,杜加斯(Dugas)征:Whenaormalpersonputhis/herhandsonthesideoftheshoulder，his/herelbowcanbeattachedtothechest,withtheshoulderhasanteriordislocation,whenweputthehandofinjuredsidetotheoppsiteshoulder,theelbowcannotbeattachedtothechest.ThisisapositivesignofDugas.,video,.,Elbowjointinspection,Visualexamination,posteriorcubitaltriangle,.,肘关节检查,视诊,.,肘关节检查,网球肘肱骨外上髁炎,.,肘关节检查,Millssign:whenextenttheelbow，flexthewrist,pronatetheforearm，ifthereispainontheexternalcondyleofhumerus,thereispositivesignofMills,video,.,Wristandhand,wristdropapehandClawhand,.,杵状指(acropachy)respiratorydiseaseheartdiseaseNutritionaldisorders,.,匙状甲(koilonych)iron-deficiencyanemia;Highaltitudediseaserheumaticfever,.,wristandhand,.,crushingtestofwristtriangularcartilage,Wristjointinneutralposition,Andthenmakethewristjointpassivetotheulnardeviationandlongitudinalextrusion,Ifthereispaininthelowerulnarjoint,itshowsthepositivesigninjuryoftriangularfibrocartilaginousdisc、fractureofprocessusstyloideusulnae,video,.,Jointoflowerextremity,JointoflowerextremityKneejointexaminationExaminationofanklejointandfoot,.,Anatomyofhipjoint,Maximumweightbearingjointofhumanbody,video,.,Jointmotiondegreeexamination,.,髋关节正常活动度,.,髋关节正常活动度,.,Anatomyofkneejoint,前交叉韧带,后交叉韧带,半月板韧带,半月板,胫骨,髌骨,股骨,.,膝关节正常活动度,.,Kneejointforcelineexamnation,UndernormalcircumstancesthekneecanbetogetherNormaldoubleankledistanceThekneecannotbetogetherTheanklejointdistanceistoolarge,bowleg,cross-knee,4-6cm,.,Kneejointforceline,Inthekneewithmedialpain,thekneeisaccompaniedbylateralpain,suggestingthatthemedialorlateraltibialfemoraljointisosteoarthritisoftheknee.Thepainofthekneejointoutsidethekneejointisoftenindicatedbytheinjuryofthelateralmeniscusofthekneejointandviceversa.Severekneejointforcelineabnormalitiesunderarthroscopicdebridementandcartilagetreatmentcanrelievepain,butthemaintreatmentishightibialosteotomy,.,Patellarelatedexamination,浮髌试验(floatingpat