药学英语 01 Introduction2014

.,IntroductiontoPharmaceuticalEnglish药学专业英语绪论,主讲教师：刘敏药学院生物技术药物教研室（11#A519）,.,专业学习,毕业,工作,学习药学英语的重要性,.,教学目的,1.掌握一定的药学专业词汇,2.培养专业英语的阅读能力,3.培养专业英语的写作能力,.,教学安排1.学时分配：32学时2.教学进度：第1周：专业英语绪论第1-8周：专业英语各论学习第8周：综合复习、考试3.考试平时成绩（40%）+闭卷考试（60%）,.,参考书籍及相关网站,1.药学英语章国斌编著，复旦大学出版社，2007.2.药学英语李有贵编著，高等教育出版社，2009.3.药学英语胡廷熹编著，人卫出版社，2008.4.药学英语课程网站：66/ec温州医学院主页/数字资源/教学平台/药学英语,.,5./pubmed/,.,.,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,.,特点：严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，常用前置性陈述句或者被动语态。,一、药学专业英语的文体特点,.,举例,Peopleusegaschromatography,krmtgrfiinmanydifferentfields.被动语态清晰、准确、精练、严密,Gaschromatographyisusedinmanydifferentfields.,.,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,.,二、专业英语的词汇特点,1.医药科技英语词汇主要来自于英语、希腊语、拉丁语及现代英语等。来自英语：codeofconductboardofdirectors直接从希腊语和拉丁语中吸收:thesis(希腊语）formula(拉丁语）利用希腊语和拉丁语的词素（前缀或后缀）构成：hyper-(hypertension)-logy(Pharmacology),.,2.专业英语词汇的词义单一，具有准确性和严密性的特点。,Objective：Extracttotaldissociatedanthraquinonesfromrhubarbsandthenseparateeverysinglecomponentfromthetotaldissociatedanthraquinones,optimizetherhubarbsextractionprocess.anthraquinones,nrkwinun蒽醌,rhubarbsru:b:bs大黄目的:从药材大黄中提取游离蒽醌类化合物并分离其各个组分,优化大黄游离蒽醌化合物的提取工艺。,.,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,.,thestandardizationoftheproductabsorptionrateconstantlimiteddateofusingadrugafteritsproductiontherapeuticdrugmonitoringrandomscreeningindrugdiscoverymethodofgrouping,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，动名词,.,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,.,safetyrangetargetcellsurfacetensionsurfaceactivitymolecularpharmacologymolecularbiologysideeffect,(2)广泛采用名词连用形式,.,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,.,bond-covalentbond-ionicanti-infectivesdouble-blindhabit-formingjoint-venture,(3)复合词,mother-to-beion-selectiveelectrodeion-exchangeblood-brainbarrier,.,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,.,OTC(overthecounter)FDA(FoodanddrugAdministration)GMP(goodmanufacturingpractice)GSP(GoodSupplyPractice)GCP(GoodClinicalPractice)GLP(GoodLaboratoryPractice)QSAR(quantitativestructure-activityrelationship)TDM(therapeuticdrugmonitoring),(4)缩略词,.,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,.,1、大量使用名词化结构2、广泛使用被动语句3、非限定动词4、后置定语5、长句6、常用句型,三、专业英语的句法特点,.,（1a）Ifyouexposetheitemforlong,itwillrapidlydeteriorate.（1b）Prolongedexposurewillresultinrapiddeteriorationofitem.,一、大量使用名词化结构,.,(1a)Youmustpayattentiontothetemperatureofthereaction.(1b)Attentionmustbepaidtothetemperatureofthereaction.,二、广泛使用被动语句,.,Antioxidants,foundinsomevitaminsandminerals,cansnuffoutoxygenfreeradicals,substancesthatarethoughttomakecellsmoresusceptibletocancer.,三、非限定动词（非谓语动词）,Thesestudiesoftenbeginwithadose-rangingstudy,using1/50to1/100theeffectivedoseinanimalsandincreasinguntilthedesiredeffect,oradverseeffects,areseen.,Toencourageclinicalresearchinsupportingthedrugdevelopmentprogramandtoimproveonthequalityofclinicaltrials,thegovernmenthasestablishedfivenationalGCPclinicalresearchcenterswhichareaffiliatedwiththetopmedicaluniversitiesinthecountry.,.,NouniformschemeforPhase4supervisionhasyetbeenestablished,butfewdoubtthenecessityofcollectingthisinformationonlow-frequencyadverseeffects.,四、后置定语,Oneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsinvegetablesandfruits（whichwere）thoughttoprotectagainstcancerisbeta-carotene,concentratedindeepgreen,yellowandorangevegetablessuchascarrots,sweetpotatoesandspinach.,.,Althoughstereochemistrydoesplayamajorroleindrugsbiologicaction,factorssuchasthelipid,waterdistributionfunction,thePKvalue,orperhapstherateofhydrolysisormetabolismmaydifferbetweenisomericpairsandaccountfortheobserveddifferencesinpharmacologicactivity.,五、长句,.,1)强调句Itiswhenthebodytemperatureisrisingrapidlythataffectedpersonmayfeelchilly.,六、常用句型,Itwasthefirsttimepeoplerecognizedthatadefinitesicknesscouldresultwhensomethingwasmissingfromthediet.,.,2）被动句Thediseaseiscausedbyavirus.Thebloodflowmaybeincreasedbymorerapidandvigorousheartaction.Ithasbeensuggestedthatearlytreatmentofstreptococcalinfectionswithpenicillinmaypreventnephritis.,.,3)It作形式主语Itisestimatedthatmorethan90antigenicallydifferentstrainsofknowntypesofrespiratoryvirusescausethecommoncoldsyndrome.Itisusuallypossibletocarryoutreactionsontheleadcompounditselfinordertomakeaseriesofanalogs.,.,专业英语的翻译原则及步骤,信-忠实,达-流畅,准-准确,理解阶段,表达阶段,校正阶段,.,基本词根,.,表达数量含义的基本词素,.,1.haplo,mono,uni：单，一，独haploid单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2.bi,di,dipl,twi,du：二，双，两，偶bicolor双色dichromatic双色的diplobacillus双杆菌dikaryon双核体3.tri：三，丙triangle三角，trinitroglycerol三硝基甘油tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循环,.,常用前缀、后缀,.,5.anti-：反，抗，阻，排斥antidote解毒药antibody抗体6.aqu-：水aqueous水的aquarium水族馆7.ate：具有，具有形状的，盐，酯nucleate具核的chlorate氯酸盐acetate乙酸酯8.auto-：自动automatic自动化的autobiography自传,.,9.bio-：生命，生物biology生物学antibiotic抗生素10.contra-,counter-,contro-:反对，逆，抗contra-rotating反向旋转counteract中和11.de-：除去，离去，非dehydrate脱水deforest砍伐森林12.hemi-：半hemiacetal半缩醛hemiterpene半萜,.,16.hyper-：超过，在上，过多hypertension高血压17.hypo-：在下，次，低hypotension低血压hypochlorite次氯酸盐18.inter-：中间，相互intermolecule分子间的international国际的19.intra-：内，在内，内部intramolecule分子内的,.,20.stereo-：立体stereochemistry立