高考语法复习课件――动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法123,动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，具有名词、形容词和副词的句法功能，在句中可以作除了谓语以外的其他成分。,1、动词不定式在句中的功能1）、做主语不定式做主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，有时为了避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句尾。TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,2）、作宾语不定式作宾语，跟在及物动词后面，这类动词有：want，wish，like，decide，help，start，begin，forget，try，hope等，有的动词要求不定式带上疑问词（who，when，how，where，which等）构成的短语作宾语。如：show，know，tell，teach，learn等。Hedecidedtohelpher.Idontknowhowtotellyouthenews.有时不定式宾语后面还带有补足语等其他成分时，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后。如：Ifounditdifficulttofindanewjobinthecity.,3）、作表语Mywishistoreachthereontime.Ourideaistoclimbupthemountainfromthenorth.4）、作宾语补足语宾语补足语放在宾语的后面，补充说明宾语在干什么。如：Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.Wouldyoulikemetostayherewithyou?,注意:某些动词后面带不定式作宾语补足语时要省掉标志to，这些动词常见的有：let，hear，make，see，feel，watch，notice等。如：Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Theboss（老板）madethemworkmorethan12hoursaday.,5）、作定语不定式作定语要放在被修饰语的后面。Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.Sheisthefirsttocometoschool.6）、作状语不定式作状语表示目的时可放在句首或句尾。TolearnEnglishwell,youmuststudyhardeveryday.Hecameheretoaskforhisbook.当用作程度、结果状语时常与副词enough或too连用。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.,2、不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构由“forof+sb.+不定式”构成。用于当不定式动作的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时。Itsimpossibleforustofinishthatworkinaday.Thecaristooexpensiveformetobuy.Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.此时，当句子的表语同时也是不定式逻辑主语的本质特征、特性等时，一般选择of结构。如：Itsveryniceofhimtolendmehisbikeatthatmoment,3、不定式的否定结构不定式的否定结构由“not+不定式”构成。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.,1.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whatdoIdoD.howIshoulddo2.Thegirlwasnttoliftthatbookcase.A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.sostrong3.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.A.hardB.ithardC.ithardtoD.itishardto4.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,Illhavesomeonehertheway.A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed,5.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.hadbetterD.wouldbetter6.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.A.turnagainstB.toturnagainstC.toturntoD.turnto7.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.A.findB.tofindC.lookD.tolookfor8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthespiritofit.A.masterB.holdC.takeholdofD.tomaster,9.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveD.himtoleave10.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.willputback11.Napoleonspokesoloudlyastoinfrontofhissoldiers.A.hearB.beheardC.listenD.belistenedto12.Televisionandradiotoknowwhatisgoingonallovertheworld.A.madeitpossibleofusB.havemadeuspossibleC.havemadeitpossibleforusD.D.havemadeitbepossibleforus,13.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.Illbeverysorry.A.forleavingB.toleaveC.ifleavingD.tohaveleft14.IdontseehowIcouldpossiblemanagetheworkwithout.A.tofinish；helpingB.tofinish；beinghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped15.Weallthinkitmostfoolishthismistake.A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake,16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill.A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.agoodplacetoliveC.agoodplacetoliveinD.agoodplacetolivefor17.Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,werentyou?Yes,wewereandhadtostoptheway.A.askingB.toaskC.askedD.tobeasked18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthepresenceofherboyfriend.A.tocriticizeB.tohavecriticizedC.tobecriticizedD.tohavebeencriticized,19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythingstheydontreallyneed.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.bepersuadingD.topersuade20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthegeneralmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.A.foryoutoworkB.ofyoutoworkC.foryouworkD.you