外研八年级上册英语语法复习PPT课件

.,1,八年级上册语法复习,1、一般过去时态2、现在完成时态3、过去进行时态4、反意疑问句5、动词不定式,课时：3个标准课,.,2,一般过去时,规则动词过去式的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,要求：四人小组分工合作完成！,.,3,行为动词的一般过去时,过去式的构成规则,“直”,一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：wantwanted,“去”,以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hopehoped,“双”,重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopstopped,“改”,以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed.如：studystudied,注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。,.,4,2实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.否定式：主语+didnot（didnt）+动词原形+其它。如：TheydidntwatchTVlastnight.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didnt.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago？Yes，theydid./No，theydidnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework？,.,5,3一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。Whenhegothome，hehadashortrest.4一般过去时的时间状语：amomentago（刚才），yesterdaymorning，lastnight/week，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），justnow（刚才），in2006,threedaysago等,.,6,用所给动词的正确形式填空1.I_(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack_(sing)now.4.You_(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I_(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers_(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_(watch)TVlastMonday.,went,played,issinging,read,saw,did,willopen,willhelp,willwork,watched,.,7,句型转换1.IwenttothepartylastFriday.（改为一般疑问句）_you_tothepartylastFriday?2.IhadanicetimelastSunday.（改为一般疑问句）_you_nicetimelastSunday?3.WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.（对划线部分提问）_you_toLondon?4.Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.（改为否定句）He_hishomeworkinthemorning.,Did,go,Did,have,When,did,go,didnt,do,.,8,现在完成时,规则动词过去分词的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间标志词,谓语构成,要求：六人小组合作完成,.,9,谓语构成：,助动词have/has+动词的过去分词,用法,（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚),before(以前)等词连用。,（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。,标志词,（1）just，never，ever，already，yet等,（2）for一段时间；since点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）,（3）sofar(到目前为止)；inthepast/last表示一段时间的词语,现在完成时态,.,10,现在完成时态,各种句式结构,肯定式：,主语+have/has+过去分词+其他,否定式：,主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词+其他,一般疑问句：,Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？,特殊疑问句：,疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？,Ihavelivedherefortenyears.,Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.,Theyhaventhadbreakfastyet.,HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?,Howlonghashelivedhere?,.,11,1、see2、hear3、study4、stop5、write6、teach7、catch8、go9、play10、live11、make12、forget,写出下列动词的过去分词形式:,seen,heard,studied,stopped,written,taught,caught,gone,played,lived,made,forgotten,.,12,(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法()1Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?No，IwontI_italreadyAsawBhaveseenCseeDwillsee()2.GonewiththeWindisawellknownnovelShe_ittwiceAreadBisreadingCreadsDhasread()3Howlong_you_here?ForabouttwoyearssofarA.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechanged,A,B,D,.,13,（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式()1OhMrsking,yourdresslooksniceIsitnew?No，I_itsincetwoyearsago.AhadBhavehadCboughtDhavebought()2JeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriendHe_itforaweekAhasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptDlend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_forhalfanhourAhasleftBhasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway,B,C,C,.,14,(三)考查havehasbeento，havehasgoneto与havehasbeenin的区别()1Wheresyourfather?He_ShanghaiHellbebacknextweekAhasgonetoBhasbeentoChavegonetoDhavebeento()2WhereisDavid?He_toEnglandonbusinessAisgoingBhasgoneChasbeenDgoes()3._youever_totheUnitedStates?-Yes,twiceAHave;goneBHave;beenCDo；goDWere;going,A,B,B,.,15,(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别()1Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?-_twoyearsAForBSinceC.In()2MissGaohastaughtinthisschool_1993A.forBatCinDsince(五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1-HehasalreadygonetoEngland-When_he_there?Awill;goBis;goingCdid;goDhas;gone()2Haveyoureadthisbook?yes,I_ittwoweeksago.AamreadingBhavereadCwillreadDread,A,D,C,D,.,16,(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用()1Helen，Itoldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyoucan?Yes，butIfewermistakesthanIusuallydoAwasmakingBhavemadeCwillmakeDhadmade()2Hasthematchstarted?Started?Finished！GuoYue_AiswinningBwinsCwillwinDhaswon()3.XiaoWang_Englishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.willbelearningD.learns,B,D,B,.,17,()4.Thefilm_forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdonthavetodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.meetD.met()6.MissYangisnotathome.She_totheschoollibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC.goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople._?A.hasntheB.hasheC.doesheD.doesnthe,B,C,D,B,.,18,过去进行时,现在分词V-ing构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,谓语构成,六人小组合作完成：,.,19,过去进行时:,谓语构成:,was/were+现在分词V-ing,用法：,表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,时间状语：,atthistimeyesterday（昨天这个时候）atthattimelastweek（上周那个时候）atnineyesterdayevening（昨晚九点时）fromseventotenlastnight（昨晚从七点到十点）等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。,.,20,Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein他进来时，我正在看报。WhileIwaswalkinghome,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家时遇到了格林先生.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymotherwascooking.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。,.,21,过去进行时:,各种句式结构,肯定式：,否定式：,Hewassleepingwhenshearrived.她到达时他正在睡觉。,Theywerentplantingtreesatnineyesterday.昨天早上九点他们不在植树。,一般疑问句：,WasWere+主语+v-ing+其它?,主语+was/were+v-ing+其它,主语+waswerenot+v-ing+其它,Washeplayingfootballwhenyourangme?你打电话给我时他正在踢足球吗?,特殊疑问句:,疑问词+waswere+主语+v-ing+其它?,WhatwasPeterdoingatthistimelastweek?上周这个时候彼特在于什么?,.,22,用was/were填空:,1、Ilisteningtothemusic.2、Sheplayingthepiano.3、Theylookingattheflowers.4、Wehavingapicnic.5、LinglingwatchingTV.6、Twoboysreadingbook.7、YouruncleandauntvisitingtheGreatWall.8、Everyonehavinglunch.9、Peopleworkingonthefarm.10、Somewomensingingpopmusic.,was,was,was,was,were,were,were,were,were,were,.,23,用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You_(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning2.They_(play)footballwhenIpassed3.She_(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk4._they_(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5.Thestudents_(1isten)totheteachercarefullywhilehewasteaching。,werehaving,wereplaying,wastaking,Were,trying,werelistening,.,24,反意疑问句,意义,概念,回答,规律,构成,当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。,对吧/是吧?,陈述句+简短问句助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语（代词）,陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）,按事实回答,反意疑问句语法归纳:,.,25,一、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。,句型1:Lets+动词原形+其它，shallwe?例：Letsgoforawalk,shallwe?而Letusgoforawalk,willyou?,句型2:其它形式的祈使句，willyou?Comeintotheclassroom,willyou?Pleasebecareful,willyou?Dontpanic,willyou?,.,26,二、含be(is,are,was,were)动词的反意疑问句，需用be的适当形式.YouarefromAmerica,arentyou?Yes,Iam.No,Imnot.TheGreenwerentathomelastnight,werethey?Yes,theywere.No,theywerent.注意：陈述部分主、谓语是Iam.时，反意疑问句用arentI或aintI,而不是amnotI(可用amInot)。例如：Imworkingnow,arentI?我在工作，是吗？,.,27,二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句,需用do/does的适当形式。YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,dontyou?Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Thefirstclassbeginsateight,doesntit?Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.三、行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句，需用did的是适当形式。Therainstopped,didntit?Yes,itdid.No,itdidnt.JimsparentsdidntgotoHongKonglastmonth,didthey?Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.四、一般将来时的反意疑问句，需用will的适当形式。Theboyswillplaygames,wontthey?Yes,theywill.No,theywont.Itwontstopraining,willit?Yes,itwill.No,itwont.五、现在完成时的反意疑问句，需用have、has的适当形式。YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,haventyou?YesIhave.No,Ihavent.Jackhasntdonehishomework,hashe?Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.,.,28,六、陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：Somethingiswrongwithmyradio,isntit?我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？七、陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,none,neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：Everyoneishere,arentthey?大家都到了，是吗？Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?没有人知道这件事，对吗？八、陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：Thisisaplane,isntit?这是一架飞机，是吗？Thesearegrapes，arentthey?这些是葡萄，是吗？,.,29,九、注意：Therebe句型1Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,isntthere?2.Therearentanychildrenintheroom,arethere?3.Therewasntatelephonecallforme,wasthere?4Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,werentthere?5Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow,wontthere?,.,30,值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了“never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody”等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?Hecoulddonothing,couldhe?,.,31,完成下列反意疑问句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,_?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai_?3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,_?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,_?5.Youcantdancetojazz,_?6.Theywerentattheconcert,_?7.Letsstopwriting,_?8.Dontbelate,_?,didntshe,hashe,doeshe,doesntit,canyou,werethere,shallwe,willyou,.,32,动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。,.,33,一、动词不定式作主语()1.Itshardforus_Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.Itsverynice_youtogetmetwotickets_theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+名词短语(forsb)todosth.,C,D,.,34,句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。,.,35,二、动词不定式作宾语()1.Hewants_somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Dontforget_yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult_.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep简析在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。,C,A,D,.,36,三、动词不定式作宾语补足语()1.Robertoftenasksus_hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends_Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。,B,C,.,37,四、动词不定式作状语()1.Shewent_herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest_Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns简析go，come，try，do/tryonesbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。,A,C,.,38,()3.Imsorry_that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear()4.Imsorry_you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasveryglad_heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets简析be+形容词+todosth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。,C,B,A,.,39,五、动词不定式作定语()1.Wouldyoulikesomething_?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework_.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman_.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。,C,D,D,.,40,六、不带to的动词不定式()1.Wesawhim_thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem_verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter_.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup,B,D,C,.,41,简析1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.2.在hadbetter后面接不带to的不定式。,.,42,七、动词不定式的否定形式()1.Theoldmantoldthechild_noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot()2.Thereisgoingto_animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry_late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.,B,C,.,43,八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别()1.Pleasestop_arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.Whydidntyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?Sorry,Iforgot_somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.Letshavearest,shallwe?Notnow,Icantstop_theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop_(walk).,A,C,C,walking,.,44,双宾语用法要点此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,.,45,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,return,send,show,teach,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get