专四应试技巧.ppt

专四应试技巧,第一项听力,听写部分：Dictation听写的基本考点：拼写能力，数字的能力，单复数，时态，标点符号,长句意思的理解。一.首先要特别注意听写的题目帮助了解文章内容。二。听第一遍的时候，最好先在草稿上写出每一句的开头，这样的话有助你后面的听写。,语音难度：英式和美式发音有特殊单词的情况。clerk英kl:k美klk,schedule英edju:l美skduleither英a美ikilometer英kilmi:t美klmt】figure英fg美fjhostess英hstes美hostsissue英sju美uherbal英hb()l美blleisure英le美lidociledousail美dslfertile英f:tal美f:tlfragile英frdail美frdlhostile英hstail美hstlmissile英misail美msl,五大元音上英式美式的区别：demandhalfaskbutmoneycardcurrent每天做一篇听写。,新闻:每年四月份-二月份新闻中文看看，关注中文的新闻格式。一。要特别注重新闻报道的第一句话。新闻导语(thenewslead)。新闻导语是整条新闻的高度浓缩形式，听懂了导语，也就知道了新闻的主要内容。二。了解基本新闻词汇。三。对数字要敏感掌握数字的不同读法。billion(十亿)、million(百万)、thousand(千)、hundred(百),1）年号的读法：数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说。2000BC读作：twothousandBC1558读作：fifteenfifty-eight1603读作：sixteen(hundredand)threesixteenothree921读作：ninetwenty-one2）电话号码、货币的读法：1023oneotwothree；1227onedoubletwo（ortwotwo）seven；4.25fourdollars（and）twenty-five（cents）；quarter(=25cents),dime(=10cents),nickel(=5cents)。,3）小数点的读法：13.91thirteendecimal（point）nineone；0.23=noughtdemicaltwothree；fourandonehalfpercent(4.5%)/onetenthofonepercent(0.1%)/twotenthsofonepercent(0.2%)onehalfofonepercent(0.5%)onefourthofonepercent(0.25%)onethirdofonepercent(0.3%or1/3%)1/3,读作:onethird;2/7读作:twosevenths0可以读作zero,nought,null,nil,nothing,oh。此外nil多见于体育赛事,如:3:0读作threenil或threetonothing,Tips：1.遇到听不懂的地方不要去想它，继续听下去。2.不要太在乎特殊难懂的人名及地名。3.听力注意选项的迷惑，有时候太简单的的答案一定不会是它。如果有两个选项基本一样但细节不一样，那就一定是在这两个选项里选了。4.听新闻的时候一定要在听的时候注意选项。要是你听到了某个选项里的有关单词，那就是它了。因为新闻不会有太多的转折，它一般是平铺直叙的。5.学会听长句：关键词，主要结构，理解长句的真正含义：Eg.Partofthepressureonlawmakerstoputstrongerprotectionsindefined-contributionandsavingsplanscomesfromretiree-advocacygroupssuchastheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons.,第二项完型填空：,常见题型1、近义词（25%）2、近形词（10%）3、非近义同类词（20%）4、语篇分析题（15%）5、介词题（5%）6、搭配题（20%）7、修辞题（5%）详见最新英语专业四级考试指南P.77-82,做题步骤：1、通读理解全文：（2-3分钟）首先要对全文进行通读，（尽量不看选项）力求理解文章内容，同时注意上下文的联系，把握全文的脉络。要特别重视文章的第一句、首尾段和每段的首尾句，因为它们对我们迅速把握文章主旨往往非常有用。2、仔细阅读，先易后难（8分钟左右）在了解文章大意的基础上，根据上下文意思与逻辑逐空试填。在选择答案时，要牢记文章的中心思想并联系前后句的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配，近义词的区别和时态、语态等。首先选出那些可根据上下文确定的、直接的、明显的答案，如固定搭配、常见句型等。要注意的是有的空不是一次就可及时填好的，可暂时留着，等看完后文答案就会明朗，有时后文还会有明显的提示，这个后文可能是下句、下段、甚至是文章的最后。,3、再次阅读，解决难点（2-3分钟）在第二步将较有把握的空格填好后，可能会有一空或几个空一时没有把握而暂时未填。这时可在已填空格的基础上，再次阅读全文，把没有填的空填完。对于个别难度较大的题，可以凭自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择答案。4.复核全文，避免疏漏（1分钟）填空全部做完以后，应把短文再通读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章的前后意思是否通顺连贯，情节是否合理，语法是否正确。如果有某些地方意义含糊或矛盾，就应该根据文章的中心意思来重新考虑。从语法上，检查填空的句子是否主谓一致；时态、语态是否正确等。,完形填空解题策略一：词义与词形辨析完形填空解题策略二:辨别篇章的逻辑关系完形填空解题策略三:固定搭配或习惯用语完形填空解题策略四:利用词汇重复出现完形填空解题策略五:利用排除法排除明显干扰项,完形填空解题策略,二.辨别篇章的逻辑关系,对语篇的综合理解能力的测试，要求考生正确理解并判断文章的内在逻辑关系。有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需的词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。,四.利用词汇的重复出现,完形填空语篇中原词、近义词、反义词重复出现的现象较为常见。一般说来，选项中出现上下文中已出现的词汇，一般就是答案。例如：(原词复现)Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hourssleepalternationwithsome16-17hourswakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincides(with)thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis_canbemodified.A.cycleB.periodC.circleD.round,同根词复现Eg.IndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalong81ofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshouldOntheotherhand,ifyouliveinacountrywherethereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish，A)customB)useC)traditionD)habit,Eg.Thesefirmscompeteforsales.Theytrytolearnjustwhatthedemandwillbesothattheycansupplyexactlywhattheconsumerswant._keepsthequalityofgoodsfromfallingverylow.A.NeedB.CompetitionC.DemandD.Consumer,五.利用排除法排除明显干扰项,如果不能很有把握的选出答案，可以利用排除法，先将各项带入空白处，排除明显不符句意的选项，从而缩小选择的范围具体来讲，可以利用如下技巧：判断所填词在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，从而排除干扰选项利用上下文的时态语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项利用名词的数来判断各项是否符合句子要求寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语，从而排除不能与其搭配的词语将各项带入空白处将句子译成汉语，排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项,IntheMiddle(1)_，peopleateanddrankatinnscalledauberges,whichwerebeginningtobebuilt(2)_theroads,atpublichousescalledtaverns,andatcabaretsinthetowns.Atfirst,tavernswereallowedtoservenothing(3)_drinks.Latertheywereallowedto(4)_foodssuchasappetizer(whichtheyboughtfromdelicatessensoutside,likeacharcuterieorrotisserie),buttheywere(5)_toemploychefsinordertoserveprepareddishes.Undertheinfluenceofcabarets,(6)_,whichwereallowedtoservemeals,taverns,too,graduallycametoserve(7)_meals,andthedifferencesbetweenthem(8)_.,1.A.TimesB.AgesC.PeriodsD.Era2.A.onB.alongC.inD.at3.A.butB.onlyC.justD.besides4.A.serveB.serviceC.provideD.offer5.A.allowedB.forbidC.deniedD.forbidden6.AaswellasB.butC.howeverD.furthermore7.A.considerateB.substantialC.concreteD.staple8.A.appearedB.camebyCdisappearedD.zoomedin,B,B,A,A,D,C,B,C,Passage1,第三项语法及词汇,*总共30题，分值15分，时间15分钟*语法题15道，词汇题15道*语法居前，词汇居后,语法,虚拟语气时态与语态主谓一致非谓语动词情态动词定语从句（+状语从句+名词性从句）反义疑问句专四特色短语+句型,专四特殊句型：AistoBwhatCistoD:eg.Wateristofishwhatairistoman比较结构的特殊句型notmorethannolessthanetc.than句型倍数表达其他常见特殊短语nothingbut只不过，只有anythingbut并不，根本不suchas到如此程度以致,Sheisnothingbutbeautiful.Sheisanythingbutbeautiful.Hewasanythingbutpleasedwhenheheardthis.ThemoreIthinkabouthim,themorereasonIfindforlovinghimasmuchasIdid.我越是想他，就越能找到我之所以那么爱他的原因。Hisillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.他的病还没有严重到令人担心的地步。,(1)notsomuchas与其说不如说Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisntsomuchariseinbirthratesasafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.(2)no/notanymorethan两者一样都不Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.事实上心脏并不比肚子聪明,因为他们都由大脑控制。Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。,(3)no/notanylessthan两者一样都,前不会比后不Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.(4)（Just）asso.正如，也Justaswesweepourrooms，so，weshouldsweepbackwardideasoutofourminds.,2012语法题：主谓一致2题，情态动词2题，（shall的特殊用法）其他都是从句的考点主谓一致：主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，,非正式文体中，有时依照就近一致原则，但也可依“意义一致原则”：Neithershenoriwerethere我和他当时都不在哪儿（意义一致原则）非正式Neithershenoriwasthere。（就近一致）正式但是，如果依照就近原则，而与其他原则（意义一致原则，语法一致原则）相矛盾时，则常常认为不太合规范）Nooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhim.（就近）语法上：Noone才是真正的主语要改agrees51.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?（2012）A.Twentymilesseemslikealongwalktohim.B.Nooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhim.C.NeitherJulianorIweregoingtotheparty.D.Fewstudentsinmyclassarereallylazy.,词汇部分：1）动词与介词及副词的搭配、名词与介词，形容词和介词的搭配2）习惯用法3）由同一动词构成的短语4）单个的动词、抽象名词、形容词和副词5）介词短语在句中作状语6）近形词，近义词的辨析(在cloze中也会考到）7）一词多义Tip:至少做十年以上的真题，因为考点往往重复。,词汇题,58.Weshouldmakeaclear_betweencompetentandproficientforthepurposesofourdiscussion.（2000）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference56.Beingcolour-blind,Sallycantmakea_betweenredandgreen.（2001）A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division63.Duringthesummerholidayseasonitisdifficulttofinda(n)_roominthehotelshere.(2002)A.emptyB.vacantC.freeD.deserted60.Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno_roomsinthisseasidehotel.（2003）A.emptyB.blankC.desertedD.vacant,57.Jimmyearnshislivingby_worksofartinthemuseum.（2004）A.recoveringB.restoringC.renewingD.reviving67Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto_theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendour.（2006）ArefreshingBrestoringCrenovatingDrenewing80Thecouplehasdonatedanot_amountofmoneytothefoundation.（2006）AinconsiderableBinconsiderateCinaccurateDincomparable67.Ontheroadmotoristsshouldbeawareofcyclistsandbe_towardsthem.（2008）A.considerableB.consideringC.considerateD.considered,62.Heplaystennistothe_ofallothersports.（2004）A.eradicationB.exclusionC.extensionD.inclusion68.Thebarintheclubisforthe_B_useofitsmembers.（2007）A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensive,第四项阅读理解,常见设题点一、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处常考二、特殊标点处常考：TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.Ivefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.TheauthordidntlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT_.A.freshB.sufficientC.nutritiousD.delicious,三、语义转折处常考四、列举、举例或打比方处常考五、因果关系处常考六、复杂句、特殊句处常考七、否定处常考八、文中人物观点处常考,解题技巧,一、同义转述为解SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfindeasytotake.Intheory,atleast,theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake.Parentsfindchoosingaschoolhardbecause_.A.thereisalimitednumberofchoicesB.someschoolsareveryexpensiveC.someschoolsaregovernmentschoolsD.theyarefacedwithavarietyofoffersKey:D,二。注意题目细节为解,Itwasnotuntilthe13thand14thcenturiesthatsurnamesbecamefixed,althoughformanyyearsafterthat,thedegreeofstabilityinfamilynamesvariedconsiderablyindifferentpartsofthecountry.,Welearnfromthefirstparagraph_formanyyearsafterthe13thand14thcenturies.familynamesbecamedescriptiveandoccupationalpeopleinsomeareasstillhadnosurnamessomepeoplekeptchangingtheirsurnamesallfamilynamesbecamefixedinEnglandKey.c,三、照抄原文信息不为解Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.Swissbankstookpridein_.thenumberoftheiraccountswithholdingclientinformationbeingmysterioustotheoutsidersattractingwealthyforeignclients,四、与原句内容相似但过于绝对化的不为解only,everything,all,none,must,never,alone,everyone,each,entirely,absolute,any,haveto,no,completelyBy2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercisesandrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.,WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.D,五、含有模糊性的概括词往往是解some,sometimes,certain,someone,morethan,lessSurprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat_.A.everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingB.notenoughisknownabouthospitalteachingC.hospitalteachingisofpoorqualityD.thespecialchildrenshospitalsareworstoff,第六项作文,结构要合理（三段论的首尾段篇幅基本相当，首尾段要写精彩，尾段不是对首段简单地重复）内容丰富（论证时，理由至少有两点。避免用几句话说明一个例子。有例子的话一句话概括）语言上，逻辑上的衔接词。句式要丰富，多用从句。适当用插入语，倒装句。能用词组表达的就不用句子。避免明显的语言错误。,Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlinessvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycleisliketheair,water,andsunshineandcannotbepartedwithamomentinourlife.,英语写作中典型的病句,一不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等例Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.改成：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo).,二句子不完整（SentenceFragments）,例Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.,三悬垂修饰语（DanglingModifiers）,所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.改为：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚改为：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.,四词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech),“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmone