阅读理解之词义猜测.ppt

,阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测,岔河中学王银,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,Theunderlinedword/phrase“.”inPara-graph2mostprobablymeans_.(2)By“.”(Paragraph2)，theauthormeans_.,(3)Theword“.”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.(4)InLine8theword“.”couldbestbereplacedby.,典型设题方式,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,Summarizeandkeepinmindtheskillsofguessingnewwords.Applytheskillstoreadingcomprehension.,Studyingaims,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,词义猜测类阅读理解备考策略1、这种类型的问题，重点考查的不是学生词汇量的多少，而是考查是否具有利用语境线索，推测和判断词义的能力。2、解答这类试题最重要的方法，是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是常说的语境)来推测其意思。,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【例】Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtoapatientsheartbeatandbreathing.,【悟】由生词后的_(从句)或定语从句可猜词义，也就是_猜词法。常见信息词_,听病人心脏跳动和呼吸,【析】同位语部分意思是，stethoscope是用来_的仪器，也即_。,“听诊器”,mean,thesameas,thatistosay,inotherwords,.,同位语,定义,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【悟】根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有_等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。,【析】incontrast表示_，supercilious与modest意义相对应，可猜出supercilious意为_。,对比,“傲慢的；目空一切的”,but,however,yet,though,although,ontheotherhand,instead,【例】AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknew.Hisbrotherincontrast,isquitemodest.,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【悟】根据_关系猜测词义。表示_关系的信息词有：_等。,【析】thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此_，这样可知sacrifice意思应该为“_”。,失去了许多学习的时间,牺牲；失去,因果,因果,because,so,therefore,thus,so.that,【例】IfoundIwaspayingtoomuchattentiontothejobandthussacrificingmystudytime.,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【例】Hissecretforalivingandhealthylifehasbeenwellpublicizednoalcohol,nocigaretteandnoanger.,【悟】根据_关系猜测词义。表_关系的信息词有and,or,namely,thatistosay,inotherwords等。,【析】由alivingandhealthylife以及同类名词cigarette可推知，alcohol意为_。,“酒精”,同等,同等,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【例】Inourcompetitiveworldoftoday,examinationshaveahighlyselectingorfilteringrole.,【悟】根据_猜测词义。这类_往往有and,or,but,however等信息词作暗示。,【析】句中_与filtering含义相近，由_推测filtering意为_。,selecting,selecting,“筛选；选拔”,同义词、近义词或反义词,同义词、近义词或反义词,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【例】Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachine,fridgeandcolorTVsets.,【悟】根据举例猜测词义。这类信息词有_等短语。,【析】从forinstance后所举例子可知，appliances意为_。,“electricalequipmentusedathome”,即“家用电器”,forexample,suchas,forinstance,consistof,include,especially,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,例析与探究,【例】Thepupilsassembledinfrontoftheschoolhall.Theycametogethertolistentotheheadmasterannouncetheresultofthesportsmeeting.,【悟】俗话说，“词不离句，句不离文”。特定的_往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。,【析】第二句有_，很明显学生们是_学校大厅前听校长宣布运动会的成绩。,cametogether(聚到一起),“聚集到”,上下文,Itstimetousewhatyoulearn.,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语句练习】,1.Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.2.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethingbadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafever.ForseveraldaysIHeardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”,“pitiful”,and“dying”,whichsoundedominous.,relativelylow,fearful,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语句练习】,3.Andforchocolatesnobs，whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.,peoplewhoareparticularaboutchocolate,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语句练习】,4.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.5.Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.Itisfromtheseshootsthatthebestteaisgot.6.Youaresoftandtenderbynature,buttheadversitiesoflifeshouldmakeyoubraveandstronger.,worn-out,regularcuttingoftheplants,difficulties,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语段练习】,1.Dontbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.Bookingtwomonthsinadvance,thecheapestroomatTravelodgesCentralEustonhotelinLondonforSaturday22Septemberwas95.95.AroomjustatubejourneyawayatitsCoventGardenhotelwas75.75.AndatFarringdon,adoubleroomcostjust62.95.（2013湘）“Farringdon”inParagraph5ismostprobably_.A.ahotelawayfromthetrainstationB.thetubelinetoCoventGardenC.anidealholidaydestinationD.thenameofatravelagency,C,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语段练习】,2.AchildoftheDepression(大萧条),SheilawasraisedinBrooklynbyparentswhoconsiderededucationaluxuryforgirls.Startingwithhercollegeeducation,shehasfoughtforeverythingsheseveraccomplished.Perri,ontheotherhand,grewupprivilegedintheNewJerseysuburbsofthe1960sand1970s.ForSheila,wastingtimeormoneyisacrime,andluxuryisunthinkablewhilePerrienjoystheoccasionalsmallluxury,buthasnotbeensuccessfulattryingtopersuadehermotherintoenjoyingeventhetiniestthingshelikes.（2013鄂）Theword“luxury”inParagraph3means_.A.somethingrarebutnotpleasantB.somethingthatcannotbeimaginedC.somethingexpensivebutnotnecessaryD.somethingthatcanonlybeenjoyedbyboy,C,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语段练习】,3.Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions(使命)oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishthedayswork.ThistypeofscheduledisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.（2012辽）Whatdoestheword“minic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose,B,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语段练习】,4.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.（2010川）Theunderlinedword“voice”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“_”AanideaBasoundqualityCawayofwritingDaworldtowriteabout,C,2020/6/10,湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲,应用与检测【语段练习】,5.Whensomethinggoeswrong，itcanbeverysatisfyi