牛津英语9A_Unit_5__Grammar[1].ppt

,Unit5GrammarPastperfecttense,1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.,一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”,温故而知新,Theyhadarrivedatthestationbeforetenyesterday.,1.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.,2.Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar（至今为止）.,Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen（直到那时）.,温故而知新,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。-|-|-|-,一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点,那时以前,那时,现在,构成：主语+had+动词的过去分词(p.p.),hadhelped,hadbeen,hadleft,hadseen,hadacted,hadopened,hadbegun,hadbrought,Completethetable:,主语+had+动词的过去分词(p.p.),定义：,过去完成时：,强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑板.,LiLei_(clean)theblackboardbeforetheteachercameintotheclassroom.,hadcleaned,2.当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。,Thetrain_(leave)whenwearrivedthere.,hadleft,Weuseittotalkaboutanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.,构成：,1.Theblackboardiscleanbecausehe_(clean)it.Theblackboardwascleanbecausehe_(clean)it.,hadcleaned,2.We_(learn)Englishfor6years.We_(learn)Englishfor5yearsbytheendoflastyear.,havelearned,2.I_(go)toLiHongshouseyesterday,buthe_(go)out.,1.They_(read)threebooksbytheendoflastweek.,hadread,hadgone,hascleaned,hadlearned,Compare:,Mini-exercise:,3.Thestudents_(learn)5Englishsongssincelastyear.,havelearned,went,is,was,ShehadputmostofhereffortintoballettrainingbeforeSheenteredthefilmindustry.,Sheputmostofhereffortintoballettraining.,Sheenteredthefilmindustry.,ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,ShebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,Shewasamodel.,ShewonanOscarforBestActress,ShewonaTonyAward.,ShehadalreadywonanOscarforBestActresswhenshewontheTonyawardfortheplayOndine.,Gigi,RomanHoliday,Ondine,Sheisrunningoutofbreath.,KittyandherclassmateswenttoseeafilmnamedMyFairLady.Buttheywerelate.,Whathappenedtothem?,Millie,a.Millieranbacktoschool.b.Shelefthermagazineintheclassroom.,hadleft,WhydidMillierunbacktoschool?,Millieranbacktoschoolbecauseshehadlefthermagazineintheclassroom.,Simon,a.Simonleftschoollate.b.Thefootballgamestartedlate.,WhydidSimonleaveschoollate?,hadstarted,Simonleftschoollatebecausethefootballgamehadstartedlate.,Daniel,a.Danielarrivedoutofbreath.b.Danielwenttothewrongcinema.,hadgone,WhydidDanielarriveoutofbreath?,Danielarrivedoutofbreathbecause,Amy,a.Amylostherpurse.b.Amywenttothepolicestation.,WhydidAmygotothepolicestation?,hadlost,Amywenttothepolicestationbecauseshehadlostherpurse.,hehadgonetothewrongcinema.,SandyhadwatchedRomanHolidaybeforeshewenttoseeMyFairLady.Thefollowingisherdiaryshewroteearlier.Canyouhelphercompleteit?,10thDecemberToday,Iwatched“RomanHoliday”withmyfriends.Kittywasthefirstonetoarriveatthecinema.WhenMillieandI_(arrive),Kitty_(buy)theticketsalready.SimonandDanielcamenext.BeforeSimonandDaniel_（come),MillieandI_(go）togetsomedrinks.Then,allfiveofuswaitedforAmyoutsidethecinema.BeforeAmy_(arrive),we_(finish)ourdrinks.Whenwe_(enter)thecinema,thefilm_already_(start).Luckily,wedidnotmissmuch.(partA3,P.88),arrived,hadbought,came,hadgone,arrived,entered,had,started,hadfinished,TheOpeningCeremonyof29thOlympicGamesinBeijing,LinMiaoke,ShewasborninBeijingin1999.Sheisaverycleverandhard-workinggirl.Shebgantoplaythepianoat6.Sheputhereffortintodancingwhenshewasfive.ShehasbeenfamousinBeijing.Shehasactedinabout50advertisements.Shehasworkedin2TVseries.SheattendedtheOpeningCeremony（仪式）ofthe29thOlmpicGames.Iamproudofherverymuch,TrueorFalse:1Shehadbeenveryfamousalloverthewordbeforethebigevent.2Shehadputhereffortintodancingwhenshewas5.3Shehadactedinabout50filmsand2TVseriesbeforetheevent.,inBeijing,advertisements,Profile,No,shehadnt.,Yes,shehad.,1Hadshelearneddancingbeforeshewas6?2HadsheattendedanyOlympicGamesbeforethisone?3Hadhermotherbeenpleasedwithherbeforethebigevent?,Milliesmotherisverybusy.MilliehadneverhelpedMumwithhouseworkbeforesheknewthegirlsstory.Butitchangedyesterday,Profile,Canyouguess:Whathadhappenedbeforehermothercameback?,Hadshecleanedthewindow?,Shehadwashedthebowlsandplates.,构成：1.肯定句:主语+助动词had+过去分词（v-ed）+其他。其中had通用于各种人称。,1.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.,2.否定句：主语+hadnt（hadnot）+v-ed+其他,3.一般疑问句：Had+主语+v-ed+其他？,2.Bynineoclockyesterdayeveninghehadntgothome.,4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+v-ed？,3.-Hadyouknownanythingaboutourschoolbeforeyoucamehere?-Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadnt.,4.Whathadyoursisterbeenbeforeshebecameanactress?,ProfileEnglishName:MichelleYeofChineseName:杨紫琼Birthplace:Malaysia（马来西亚）Begoodat:ChineseKongfu,Millieshero,actionfilms,Millieisherfan.SheischattingonlinewithSandyaboutherfilm.LetshavealookattheirConversation.,Millie:Hi,sandy.Isawanactionfilmduringtheholiday.Itwasreallygood,andmyfavouritefilmstar,MichelleYeofplayedaleadroleinit.Sandy:Iknowyoulikeheralot._you_(see)anyofherfilmsbeforeyousawthisone?Millie:Yes,I_.She_（act)inmanyotheractionfilmsbeforethishollywoodfilm.Sandy：_you_（watch）anyotherfilmsduringtheholiday？Millie:No,I_.Thatwastheonlyone.(PartA4p.89),Had,seen,had,hadacted,Did,watch,didnt,Workouttherule,1.Ifwewanttotalkabouttwopastactionsinasentence,thePastPerfectTense(过去完成时)isusedfor_.a.theearlieraction（先发生的动作）b.thelateraction（后发生的动作）2.Forthelateraction,weuse_.a.PastPerfectTenseb.SimplepastTense(一般过去时),thepastpastpastnowfuture,earlieraction,lateraction,PastPerfectTense,SimplePastTense,Payattention:Ishould,Iwould和Ihad的省略形式皆为Id,在具体运用时，应根据具体结构判定究竟哪种情况的省略。,注意,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.昨晚我们看了电影。a.Wehadseenthefilmyesterdayevening.b.Wesawthefilmyesterdayevening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。a.ThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere.b.ThefilmhadbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgotthere.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。a.Bytheendoflastterm,theyhavelearnedfiveEnglishsongs.b.Bytheendoflastterm,theyhadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs.,bytheendoflastterm意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。a.HesawBillyesterday.Theyhaventmeteachotherfortwoyears.b.HesawBillyesterday.Theyhadntmeteachotherfortwoyears.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。a.LiMeiwasveryglad,becauseshepassedthemid-termexam.b.LiMeiwasveryglad,becauseshehadpassedthemid-termexam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中passthemid-termexam的动作是发生在过去动作wasveryglad之前的，故pass需用hadpassed表示。,6.他走进屋,打开灯,然后开始写起来。a.Hehadcomeintotheroom,turnedonthelightandbegantowrite.b.Hecameintotheroom,turnedonthelightandbegantowrite.,当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。,用所给动词的正确形式填空(1/1),1.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe_(passaway)beforeshewasborn.,2.She_already_(clean)theblackboardbeforeIenteredtheclassroom.,hadpassedaway,cleaned,had,用所给动词的正确形式填空(1/1),1.He_(turnoff)thelightsbeforehelefttheclassroom.2._yourparents_(have)lunchwhenyouarrivedathome?,hadturnedoff,Had,had,句型转换(1/1)Hehadstoodupbeforehecleanedthewindow._hehadstoodup,hecleanedthewindow.HisfatherwenttoBeijing.Hearrivedhome.(用before合并句子)Hisfather_Beijingbeforehe_home.,After,hadgoneto,arrived,选择题(1/1)Millie_someChinesebeforeshecametoChina.A.learnedB.haslearnedC.learntD.hadlearnedShe_thefirstrunner-upprizeinabeautycontestbeforeshe_anactress.A.havewon,becameB.hadwon,becomeC.hadwon,becameD.haswon,became,翻译题(11)1.在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了2.踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁,Thefilm_we_tothecinema.,_I_football,I_abottleofjuice.,had,before,got,begun,After,had,played,bought,一选择填空。1.IlostthebookI_AhaveboughtBboughtChadbought2.ThebushadgonewhenI_atthebusstop.AhavearrivedBarrivedChadarrived3.WhydidntTomattendthemeetingyesterday?He_BeijingAhasgonetoBhadgonetoCwentto4.Bythetimeshewasfifteen,Kitty_(teach)herselfaforeignlanguage.(2006无锡市中考),C,B,B,A.hadtaughtB.taughtC.hastaught,A,5.IhaveboughtyouthebooksyouwantOh，good.I_afraidyouhadforgottenAwasBamChadbeen6.Helen_herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_homeAhasleft;