4b.+Intro.+Linguistics+2011-2012+Lecture+5b+Word+ation.ppt

WordFormation,Wheredowegetallthevocabularyfrom?,Languages-opensystems?,Openclassandclosedclasswords.“Leweekend”inFrenchaproblem?RealAcademiadelaLenguainSpanish,etc.1.Canyoustoplanguageschanging?2.Shouldyou?3.Whatkindofwordsshouldbe“allowed”intoalanguage?,Etymology-Theoriginandhistoryofwords.,HowdoyoumakeNEWWORDSINChinese?,OneofthethingsweDONTdo.,ReduplicationHawaiianpahoehoe,aa,ReduplicationHawaiianpahoehoe,aa,WhataboutChinese?,HowdowegetnewwordsinEnglish?,CoinageBorrowingCompoundingBlendingClipping(shortening)Back-formationConversion(functionalshift)AcronymsDERIVATION,Coinage,(notsocommoninEnglishbut.)Examplesanerd,agizmo,tozap,adoofer,togoogle,toxerox,aspirin,teflon,nylon,zip,kleenex,etc.EponymsnamesofpeopleorplacesExamplestohoover,jeans,etc.,Borrowing!,EnglishhasmanysourcesandborrowingsfromotherlanguagesWhichones?Anglo-SaxonVikinglanguagesCelticlanguages?OldFrenchModernFrenchLatinandGreekOtherlanguages,“Recent”Borrowing,Borrowingsdiscotheque,boutique,kowtow,char,longtimenosee?WhatwordshavebeenborrowedintoChinese?,Compounding,Examplesmatchbox,mousepad,bookcaseGerman!Gepckaufbewahrungsschein(luggage-up-hold-certificate)=luggagecheckticketDoyouusecompoundinginChinese?,Blending,(Portmanteauwords)Examplesmotel,smog,brunch,netizens,Chinglish,Wikipaedia,etc.,DoyouhaveblendsinChinese?,Clipping(Shortening)andAcronyms,ClippingExamplesfax,flu,ad,phone,pub,etc.AcronymsExamplesUNNC,UNUK,ERPs(EventRelatedPotentials),ATM,PIN,pinnumber,laserdiscAndinChinese?,Backformation,Examplesatypewriter,ababy-sitter,aneditor,anemailtotypewrite,tobabysit,toedit,toemailWhataboutChinese?,Conversion(FunctionalShift),FunctionalShift-Examplestoparty,tofax,textme,emailme,tobutter,tochair,todirty,tomicrowave,awannabeeSemanticshiftExamplesamouse(PC),tobookmark(PC),tosurfthenet,avirus,(PC)etc.IsthisdoneinChinese?,Derivation,AffixesPrefixes-Usuallychangemeaning,notlexicalcategoryunpre.dis.cyber.bio.nano.Suffixes-Changethelexicalcategorye