9AUnit5Grammar1.ppt

Unit5Grammar(I),1)自从他出生以来，他就住在这里了。2)我们已经住在这里三年了。,Whattenseisusedintheabovesentences?,Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.,Wehavelivedhereforfouryears.,Presentperfecttense,have/has+p.p.(pastparticiple),1.Audreyhadputallhereffortintoballettrainingbeforesheenteredthefilmindustry.2.AudreyhadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.3.AuderyhadalreadywonanOscarforBestActresswhenshewontheTonyAwards.,Weusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Theearlieractionisexpressedinthepastperfecttenseandthelateractionisexpressedinthesimplepasttense.,ThePastperfecttense:,过去完成时表示：(1)在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态；(2)在过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态。,1.Hergrandmotherhadbeenillbefore2000.2.Ihadgoteverythingreadyby11a.m.yesterday.3.Tommyhadfinishedhisworkbefore10:00lastnight.4.TheyhadleftthecinemabythetimeIarrivedthere.,Thestructureofthepastperfecttense:had+p.p(pastparticiple)Whichactionhappenedfirst/earlier?1.Millieranbacktoschoolbecauseshehadlefthermagazineintheclassroom.2.Simonleftschoollatebecausethefootballgamehadstartedlate.3.Danielarrivedoutofbreath-hehadgonetothewrongcinema.4.Amyhadlostherpurseandhadtogotothepolicestation.,Whichactionhappenedfirst?1.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedattheschool.2.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbythetimemymothercamebackhomeyesterday.3.Bythetimewegotthere,thebushadalreadygone.4.WhenIgottotheclassroom,IrealizedIhadleftmyschoolbagathome.5.Hesaidhehadneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore.6.Thefilmhadbeenonfor15minuteswhenIgotthere.,ThePastPerfectTense,构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。用by、before等构成的短语。,1.过去完成时常与by,before等词构成的短语连用。如：1)到上学期末为止我们已学了三千多个英语单词了。Wehadlearnedover3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.2)他们在昨天十点以前已完成了任务。Theyhadfinishedthetaskbeforetenoclockyesterday.2.过去完成时常与when,before,after引导的从句连用。如:1)当我们到达车站时火车已开走了。Thetrainhadleftwhenwegottothestation.2)在我们到家之前妈妈已做好了晚饭。Motherhadcookedsupperbeforewegothome.3)Tom喂好狗后就带它去溜达。AfterTomhadfedthedog,hetookitforawalk.,3.如果时间状语从句的动作在主句动作之前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。如：1)做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.2)当他关了灯后,就锁上门回家了。Whenhehadturnedoffthelight,helockedthedoorandwenthome.,4.过去完成时可用在宾语从句中或通过上下文表示。如：1)他说他已买了一辆新自行车。Hesaidhehadboughtanewbike.2)我同桌告诉我她去过北京两次了。MypartenertoldmeshehadbeentoBeijingtrwice.,Teddyrushedtothestudiobecausehehadgotuplate.Teddydrovebackhomebecausehehadlefthiskeytotheofficeathome.Teddyhadphonedthedirectorbeforehearrivedatthestudio.BeforeTeddyappeared,hisfanshadwaitedoutsidethestudiofortwohours.Teddyarrivedhomeat1a.m.whenhehadfinishedacting.,Readandunderstandthefollowingsntences.,_youever_(be)toShanghaibeforeyoucameherein2003?_they_(do)theirhomeworkbeforetheywatchedTV?_she_(go)toschoolalreadywhenherhousewasbrokenintothismorning?_he_(visit)themuseumbefor