非谓语动词被动形式

被动语态,主动语态和被动语态,一、主动语态和被动语态,主语和谓语有时是主动关系，即主语是动作的执行者，如：Everybodyrespectshim.人人都尊敬他。有时也可以是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者，如：Heisrespectedbyeverybody.他受到大家的尊敬。第一句的谓语为主动语态，第二句的谓语为被动语态。就句子来说，前一句是主动结构，后一句为被动结构。被动结构句子中的主语是主动结构句子中的宾语。,这类句子有些有by引导的状语，如：Thesupermarketisrunbyayounglady.这家超市是一位年轻的女士经营的。TheplaywaswrittenbyCaoYu.这个戏是曹禺写的。但有些却没有如:Theyweregivenawarmwelcome.他们受到热烈的欢迎。ShewasborninHunanProvince.她出生于湖南省。从这些句子中也可以看出，被动词态由“be+过去分词”构成，时态由be表现出来。,二、哪些动词可用于被动语态,一般说来及物动词可用于被动语态，因为及物动词有宾语，把宾语变为主语，句子即可改为被动结构：Someonebrokethewindow.Thewindowwasbroken.Theykilledtwobirdslastnight.Twobirdswerekilledlastnight.,主动结构,被动结构,不及物动词若与介词结合可构成成语动词，这时就可以有宾语，因而也就可以用于被动结构：,Wearelookingintothecase.Thecaseisbeinglookedinto.Heoperatedonheryesterday.Shewasoperatedonyesterday.,由情态动词等构成的谓语也可以用于被动结构：,Wecantdoitinaday.Itcantbedoneinaday.Weshouldrevisetheplan.Theplanshouldberevised.,非谓语动词，由于不是谓语，不能改为被动语态，但可改为被动形式：,Ihavenothingtodo.Thereisnothingtobedone.Shehatedlivingalone.Shehatedbeingtreatedlikethat.,各个时态的被动语态,1.一般时态的被动语态,I.一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词,Iamgivenalotofworktodo.,YouareinvitedtogiveusatalkinEnglish.,TheboyiscalledSandy.,II.一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词,ThebookwaswirttenbyDickens.,Theyweregivenawarmsend-offattheairport.,III.一般将来时的被动语态will(shall)be+过去分词,Whenwilltheprojectbecompleted?,ShallIbeallowedtogowithyou?,IV.一般过去将来时的被动语态wouldbe+过去分词,IdidntexpectthatIwouldbeaskedtospeak.,Weweresurethathewouldbepunished.,2.进行时的被动语态,I.现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+过去分词,Imbeingtroubledbyhisbehaviour.,Theroadisbeingrepaired.,Theyarebeinginterrogatedbythepolice.,II.过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+过去分词,Hewasbeinglookedafterbyhissister.,Theseancientbuildingswerebeingrenovated(翻修).,3.完成时的被动语态,I.现在完成时的被动语态has/have+been+过去分词,MybrotherhasbeensenttoworkinTibet.,Theyvebeenwarnednottoswimthere.,II.过去完成时的被动语态had+been+过去分词,Hetoldmethatthefactoryhadbeencloseddown.,其他时态或没有被动语态，或极少用被动语态。,各种结构的被动形式,带情态动词的被动结构can,could,may,might,must,mustnt,should,neednt等都可构成被动结构。eg:Thiscantbedoneinashorttime.Shemightbesenttoworkabroad.Thesecondpointneedntbementioned.,二一些不定式结构的被动形式。,由oughtto,begoingto,has(have,had)to,be+不定式，besureto,beaboutto构成的被动结构eg:Heoughttobegivenachancetotry.Manyproblemshavetobediscussedatthemeeting.Thisbookistobepublishednextyear.Thesedifficultiesaresuretobeovercome.,三成语动词的被动结构及物动词+副词，动词+介词，动词+副词（名词）+介词eg:ThistheoryofrelativitywasputforwardbyEinstein.Thebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.Lazypeoplearelookeddownonbyeveryone.,四一些特殊结构的被动形式双宾动词的被动结构，带复合宾语动词的被动结构，be+过去分词+不定式，It+be+过去分词+从句eg:Shewasgivenawarmwelcome.Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.Itwasreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.,非谓语动词的被动形式,不定时的被动形式,宾语,构成复合宾语,定语,状语,主语,表语,宾语,Imustasktobeexcused,Shedidntliketobetreatedasachild,Hebeggedtobeforgiven,复合宾语,Shedidntwanthersontobetakenaway,Idlikethisroomtoberedecorated,Hedidntwishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter,定语,Therewasalotofthingstobediscussed.TherewasnotasoultobeseenintheparkShewasinvitedtoagardenpartytobeheldthatflight,状语,ShewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflightTheywereshippedtoAmericatobesoldasslavesHeshuthimselfintheroomsoasnottobedisturbed,主语,主语,Itsanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.ItsaprivilegetobeallowedtostudyhereWhatashameforyouthreetobetreatedlikethat!,表语,Myonlywishistobeallowedtotrymymethod.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.Herambitionwastobemadeacinemaactress.,动名词的被动形式,作动词宾语或介词宾语,HehatedbeinglanghedatShecouldntbearbeingtreatedlikethatHewasfarfrombeingsatisfied,作主语,BeingofferedsuchajobwassheergoodluckItfeltfunnybeingcalledGrandmotherBeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence,现在分词的被动形式,构成复合宾语,作定语,作状语,复合宾语,Isawhimbeingcarriedawayonastretcher.Iwatchedthecargobeinghoistedonboard.Onecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthere.,定语,Shewasnotinterestedinthequestionbeingdiscussed.ThebuildingbeingerectedisaconcerthallThiswasacampaignbeingwagedinthecountry.,状语,Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse.Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfeltquitesafe.Beingwelllookedafter,thebabywasinperfecthealth.,过去分词结构,和系动词构成谓语,HenearlygothitbyacarHiswoundhasbecomeinfectedIsoongrewusedtothatkindoflife,构成复合宾语,IvejusthadaphotographtakenGoandgetyourhaircutIdontwantanythingsaidaboutthis,用作宾语,Frustrated,hereturnedtohishomelandTheylaughed,friendlyandpleasedGreatlyinterested,Iaskedtojointheminthegame,在什么情况下使用被动语态,1）不知道动作的执行者是谁Themonasterywasbuiltinthemiddleages.这座寺庙建于中世纪Threepeoplewereinjured.Theboywasnearlydrowned.那孩子差点淹死,2）不必提到动作的执行者是谁Thebookwaspublishedin2000.Apeacetreatywasfinallysigned.最终签定了一项和约.Thematchhadtobecancelledbecauseofbadweather.Theplantwasshutdownfortwomonth.Renthastobepaidinadvance,3)动作的承受者或者结果是谈话的中心Arethesegoodsmadebymachinery?Whenshewasillsheherchildrenwerelookedafterbyneighbors.一类常用by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可以没有Whenshearrivedhomeshewasarrested(byadetective).Anewpubliclibraryisbeingbuilt(byourlocalcouncil).,动作的执行者很模糊如指（people,one等）Thissortofadvertisementisseeneverywhere.Heissuspectedoftakingbribery(受贿）Theletterhasbeenopened.信件被人拆开了.Itwasrumoredthathewasaspy谣传他是个间谍.,5）为了措辞圆通，常常避免说出动作的执行者YouarerequestedtogiveusatalkonJapanesediscovery(日本文化）Itishopedthatsuchthingswouldnothappenagain.Itismuchtoberegrettedthatyoucannotjoinusinthetrip.,6）为了使句子得到更好的安排Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.(这样用一个主语就可以）Theplanwassupportedbythosewhowishtoliveonthecampus.(如果改为主动语态的句子头重脚轻）Whowishtoliveonthecampussupportedtheplan.,一些常常使用被动结构的情况,1）公告，通知Noneofthereferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroom.禁止将参考书带出阅览室Applicationsmustbesentinby31stjuly.必须在7月31号之前提出申请.,2）新闻报道Thesearchforthebankrobbe