新概念英语第二册第45课

.,Aclearconscience,Lesson45,.,Whatshouldwedowhenwelostmoney.,Someonemusthavestolenmymoney.,.,The,lost,and,found,.,.,clearadj.kliadj.晴朗的,清澈的；无愧的,清白的；清楚的,明白的；畅通的,无阻的adv.清晰地,清楚地；完全,一直vi.转晴vt.扫除,清除；(从电脑中)消除(数据)；证明无罪;宣告无罪,Aclearconscience问心无愧clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”，因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”相当于agoodconscience，反义词为abadconscience（感到内疚）。,Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.（1）village在这里为总称，指“村民”，thewholevillage指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）：Thewholevillageexcitedbythenews.这消息使全村的人兴奋。（2）learn在句中的含义为“获悉”、“得知”：我刚刚得知她病了。,was,Ivejustlearntthatshewasill.,SamBenton,thelocalbutcher,hadlosthiswalletwhiletakinghissavingstothepostoffice.taking为现在分词。与动名词相似，它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后，现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状语从句：whilehewastakinghissavingstothepostoffice。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的：他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。如果是主语不一致则必须用从句：我打扫房间时，他在听音乐。,Helistenedtomusicwhilecleaningtheroom.,HelistenedtomusicwhileIwascleaningtheroom.,Samwassurethatthewalletmusthavebeenfoundbyoneofthevillagersmust用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时，后面的动词要用完成式：我到这儿的时候他已不在了。WhenIarrived,hewasnthere.他一定早走了。Hemusthaveleftearly.,itcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost,我们既可以说halfthemoney，也可以说halfofthemoney，它们可以互相替代.但是money前都必须有the，因为是指特定的钱。如：这面包有一半已变质了。,Halfthebread/halfofthebreadwasbad.,Intime,allSamsmoneywaspaidbackinthisway.（1）intime表示“经过一段时间”或“最终”、“迟早”：一段时间以后，他找到了他需要的所有书。Intime,hefoundallthebooksheneeded.我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。Illtellyoueverythingintime.（2）inthisway表示“用这样的方式”：你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。Youmustpayattentiontoyourspelling.Inthisway,youcanbecomeagoodsecretaryintime.,被动语态一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。,二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态（2）被动语态,三、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）,am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时,Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）,Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere,Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.,Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.,6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.,Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.,Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.,Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.,5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）,Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday,Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.,3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）,=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.,4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding,=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.,5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday,一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。,Theseflowerssmellsweet.,Thatsoundsveryreasonable.,Thefoodtastesdelicious.,二、某些与cantwont等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。,Theboxcantmove.,Thedoorwontshut.,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:,Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。,Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。,Thefloordoesntcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。,五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。,Thenovelisworthreading.,Thethingisworthdoing.,四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。,Thetreesneedwatering.,Childrenwantlookingafter.,TheTVneedsmending.,六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。,Ihavealotofthingstodo.,Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.,2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：,n.+be+too+adj.+todoTheplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todoThebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todoThequestionisnoteasytoanswer.,（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Apictureisbeingdrawn,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?,Thenewbookhasbeengiven,Shecannotfind,Issheoftenheardtosing,Hersonisntlettoswim,Theywerebuilding,Isthesongoftensung,payback（1）偿还：AllSamsmoneywaspaidbackinthisway.