过去分词做定语和状语

分词做定语和状语,定语(attributive)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位置关系可分为前置定语和后置定语。例如：1.Theredandbigappleinmine.2.Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.3.Thepianousedbytheteacherisverygood.4.Childrenlivingbytheseausuallybegintoswimatanearlyage.5.LiLeiswrittenEnglishisntasgoodashisspokenEnglish.,一、作定语动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。,Thelostchildwasfoundatlast.Thechildlostintheparkwasfoundatlast.,Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.（2002春招）areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying,过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1.过去分词done表示被动和完成；2.现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；3.现在分词的被动式beingdone表示被动的、正在进行的动作；4.不定式的主动式todo表示一个将要发生的主动动作；5.不定式的被动式tobedone则表示一个将要发生的被动动作,_yesterdayThemeeting_now(hold)_tomorrowisofgreatimportance.(hold),held,beingheld,tobeheld,Doyouknowthenameoftheplay_inthehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingon,C,B,1.Didyouattendthemeeting_yesterday?-No.ButIwillattendtheone_tomorrow.A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheld,A,A,A,4.Pleasedontforgethim.Heisoneof_.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose,3.Iborrowedabook_byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite,Therearesomesentencesfromthereadingpassagewiththepastparticipleusedastheattribute:,1.hisparentscompanynamed“FutureTours”transportedmesafelyinto(Line5,Para1,Page18)2.Tomorrowyouwillbereadyforsomevisitsorganizedbythecompany.(Thelastbuttwoline,Para4,Page18),FinishEx3onP21,3.Nowcombinethesetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheattribute.1.SoonwelostsightofthatfamousastronomercalledLiQiang.2.IamgoingtobuyapaintingcopiedfromVincentvanGogh.3.Iliketheoldprivatehousebuiltofwoodandmud.,4.Theroomconnectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassageiscompletelyempty.5.Thequeenwassittinginaroyalcarriagedrawnbyfourhorses.6.Thevehiclementionedinthebookisunknowntome.7.Thecastlebuiltin1432isunderrepair.,状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，副词，形容词或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。可分为时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，程度状语，目的状语，原因状语，结果状语，条件状语，让步状语，频率状语等。例如：1.Tomrunsquickly.2.Thebookiswellworthreading.3.Hegetsupatfiveeverymorning.4.Theboysareplayingontheplayground.,时间状语,地点状语,5.Shealwaysgoestoschoolbybike.6.Iarrivedatthecinemaonlytofindthefilmfinished.7.InordertocatchupwithhisclassmatesinEnglish,hestudiesharder.8.Theydidntgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.9.Theywillgototheparkiftheweatherisfinetomorrow.10.Althoughsheisoversixtyyearsold,theoldwomanstilllooksyoung.,频率状语,结果状语,目的状语,原因状语,方式状语,条件状语,让步状语,2做状语,过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。1.United,westand;divided,wefall.如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如果分裂，我们就会失败。,相当于Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.,2.Movedbythestory,hedecidedtostudyharder.由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努力学习。相当于Becausehewasmoved,3.Havingbeenshownaroundthelibrary,wecametotheclassroombuilding.我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。相当于Afterwewereshownaround,4.Oncevisited,thecitywillneverbeforgotten.一旦你参观了这个城市，你就永远不会忘记它。相当于Oncethecityisvisited,5.Althoughpublishedmanytimes,thebookstillsellswellinthemarket.虽然这本书已出版好长时间了，但这本书的销售量仍很好。相当于Althoughthebookhasbeenpublished,过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：,1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.,Seenfromthehill,可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等.,2.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.,untilspokento,1.时间状语,1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacherswords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.,Greatlytouchedbytheteacherswords,2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidntknowwhattodo.,Surprisedatwhathappened,2.原因状语,1.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.,Givenmoretime,2.Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.,Heatedtoahightemperature,3.条件状语,1.Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.,Thoughwarnedofthestorm,2.EvenifIminvited,Iwonttakepartintheparty.,Evenifinvited,4.让步状语,1.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.,Followedbyagroupofstudents,2.Themanagerheldhisheadhigh,hewalkedintotheroom.,Holdinghisheadhigh,5.方式、伴随状语,DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticipleUsedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。Lookingather,hejumpedwithjoy.Lookedatbyhe,shefeltuneasy.,注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,1._someofficials,Napoleoninspected(视察)hisarmy.,FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowed,2.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.,followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed,B,B,Practice,3._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.,NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,C,4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.,beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied,5._moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven,D,A,6._hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting_then.,Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld,7._,buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.,ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,A,C,8.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing,B,9_blackandblue,theladycouldntmove.ABeatenBBeatingCTobebeatenDTobeat,A,Ex2onP211.Iwasfrightenedbytheloudnoise.Iwenttoseewhatwashappening.,Frightenedbytheloudnoise,Iwenttoseewhatwashappening.,2.Hewashitbythelackoffreshair.Hegotabadheadache.,Hitbythelackoffreshair,hegotabadheadache.,3.Ifeltverytiredafterthelongjourney.Istillenjoyedmeetingthealiensonthespacestation.,Tiredafterthelongjourney,Istillenjoyedmeetingthealiensonthespacestation.,4.Suewasfrightenedbythenoiseoutside.Shedarednotsleepinherbedroom.,Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.,5.The