系统解剖 静脉 英文版. Veins.ppt

Veins静脉,Veins静脉,Venousvalve,GeneralfeatureHaveathinnerwallandalargerdiameterthantheircorrespondingarteriesThesmallbranchesarecalledtributaryHavevenousvalves静脉瓣whichpreventrefluxofbloodTwosetsSuperficialveinslieinthesuperficialfascia,immediatelyundertheskin,andformsvenousrete静脉网Deepveinsrunwitharteries,largeveinsareusuallysingle,medium-sizedperipherallimbveinsareoftendouble,formsvenousplexus静脉丛aroundtheviscera,venousrete静脉网,venousplexus静脉丛,Veins静脉,SpecialstructuresSinusesofduramater硬脑膜窦Diploicveins板障静脉,Sinusesofduramater,Diploicveins,Veins静脉,CompositionThepulmonaryveins肺静脉L.superioritthenascendsintothecubitalfossaandupthefrontofthearmonthelateralsideofthebicepsItcontinuesupinthedeltopectoralgrooveandthenpiercesdeepfasciatodrainintoaxillaryveinorsubclavianvein,头静脉,贵要静脉,肘正中静脉,前臂正中静脉,头静脉,Superficialveinsoftheupperlimb,Basilicvein贵要静脉ArisesfromthemedialsideofthedorsalvenousreteofhandWindsaroundthemedialborderoftheforearmThenascendsintothecubitalfossaandupthefrontofthearmonthemedialsideofthebicepstomiddleofthearmwhereitpiercesthedeepfasciaandjoinsthebrachialveinoraxillaryvein,头静脉,贵要静脉,肘正中静脉,前臂正中静脉,头静脉,Superficialveinsoftheupperlimb,Mediancubitalvein肘正中静脉LinkscephalicveinandbasilicveininthecubitalfossaItisafrequentsiteforvenipuncturetoremoveasampleofbloodoraddfluidtotheblood,头静脉,贵要静脉,肘正中静脉,前臂正中静脉,头静脉,Variationsinthevenouspatternoftheupperlimb,Superficialveinsarevariableandareofsignificanceclinically,胸部的静脉Veinsofthorax,深静脉Deepveins上腔静脉superiorvenacava头臂静脉brachiocephalicveins奇静脉azygosvein半奇静脉hemiazygosv.副半奇静脉accessoryhemiazygosv.胸廓内静脉internalthoracicv.浅静脉Superficialveins胸腹壁静脉thoracoepigastricv.,Veinsofthorax,Brachiocephalicveins头臂静脉Formedbyunionofinternaljugularandsubclavianveinsposteriortothesternoclavicularjointrightandleftbrachiocephalicveinsunitetoformsuperiorvenacavabehindrightsternocostalsynchorndrosisoffirstrib,Veinsofthorax,Superiorvenacava上腔静脉FormedbyunionofrightandleftbrachiocephalicveinsbehindtherightsternocostalsynchorndrosisoffirstribRunsverticallydownonrightofascendingaortaJoinedbyazygosveinatlevelofsternalangleEntersrightatriumatleveroflowerborderofthirdrightsternocostaljointCollectsbloodfromveinsofupperhalfofbody,Veinsofthorax,Azygosvein奇静脉BeginsascontinuationofrightascendinglumbarveinAscendingalongtherightsideofvertebralcolumnJoinssuperiorvenacavabyachingaboverightlungrootatlevelofT4toT5Receivesrightposteriorintercostalsandsubcostalveinsplussomeofbronchial,esophagealandpericardialveins,andhemiazygosveinHemiazygosv.半奇静脉Accessoryhemiazygosv.副半奇静脉,奇静脉,肋间后静脉,Veinsofthorax,VeinsofvertebralcolumnExternalvertebralvenousplexus椎外静脉丛Internalvertebralvenousplexus椎内静脉丛,Inferiorvenacavasystem下腔静脉系,Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉FormedbyInferiorvenacavaanditstributariesDrainsintotherightatriumConveysbloodfromthewholebodybelowthediaphragmtotherightatrium,Veinsoflowerlimb,Deepveinsaccompanycorrespondingarteriesandhavemorevalvesthanthesuperficialveins胫前静脉anteriortibialvein胫后静脉posteriortibialvein腘静脉poplitealvein股静脉femoralvein髂外静脉externaliliacveinSuperficialveins小隐静脉Smallsaphenousv.大隐静脉Greatsaphenousv.,Superficialveinsoflowerlimb,Greatsaphenousv.大隐静脉BeginsthemedialendofdorsalvenousarchoffootPassesanteriortothemedialmalleolusandascendsonthemedialsideoftheleg,thenpassesbehindthekneeandcurvesforwardaroundthemedialsideofthethigh,theninclinesanteriorlythroughthethighenterthefemoralveinthroughthesaphenoushiatuswhichliesabout34cmbelowandlateraltothepubictubercle,Tributaries:,大隐静脉,股内侧浅静脉,股外侧浅静脉,阴部外静脉,腹壁浅静脉,旋髂浅静脉,股静脉,Superficialepigastricv.,Externalpudendalv.,Superficialcircumflexiliacv.,Greatsaphenousv.,Superficialmedialfemoralv.,Superficiallateralfemoralv.,femoralv.,Veinsoflowerlimb,Smallsaphenousv.小隐静脉ArisesfromthelateralpartofthedorsalvenousarchoffootAscendsbehindlateralmalleolusandthenrunsupthemidlineofthebackofthelegPiercesthedeepfasciaandentersthepoplitealv.Drainsthelateralsideofthefootandankleandthebackoftheleg.,Varicoseveins,Veinsofpelvis,Internaliliacvein髂内静脉Parietaltributaries:accompanywitharteriesVisceraltributaries:Externaliliacvein髂外静脉AccompanythearteryCommoniliacvein髂总静脉FormedbyunionofinternalandexternaliliacveinsinfrontofsacroiliacjointEnduponL4-L5byunitingeachothertoforminferiorvenacava,Veinsofpelvis,Rectalvenousplexus直肠静脉丛superiorrectalveininferiormesentericv.inferiorrectalveininternaliliacvanalveininternalpudendalv.Vesicalvenousplexus膀胱静脉丛vesicalv.Uterinevenousplexus子宫静脉丛uterinev.,Veinsofabdomen,Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉FormedbyunionoftwocommoniliacveinsanteriorandjusttotherightofL4-L5Ascendsontherightsideofaorta,piercesvenacavaforamenofdiaphragmatthelevelofT8,anddrainsintotherightatriumConveysbloodfromthewholebodybelowthediaphragmtotherightatrium,Veinsofabdomen,ChieftributariesParietalinferiorphrenicv.膈下静脉(1pair)lumbarv.腰静脉(4pairs)VisceralRightandleftrenalV.左、右肾静脉Rightsuprarenalvein右肾上腺静脉(theleftdrainsintoleftrenalvein）Righttesticular/ovarianv.右睾丸（卵巢）静脉(theleftdrainsintoleftrenalvein)Hepaticveins肝静脉:right,leftandintermediatehepaticv.,Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉,GeneralfeaturesFormedbehindtheneckofpancreasbytheunionofsuperiormesentericveinandsplenicveinAscendsupwardsandtotheright,posteriortothefirstpartofduodenumandthenentersthelesseromentumEntertheliverthroughportahepatis,whereitdividesintorightandleftbranchesTherearenofunctioningvalvesinhepaticportalsystemDrainsbloodfromgastrointestinaltractfromthelowerendofesophagustotheupperendofanalcanal,pancreas,gallbladder,bileductsandspleen,Variationandanomaliesofhepaticportalvein,Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉,Tributariesofhepaticportalv.1.Superiormesentericv.肠系膜上静脉2.Inferiormesentericv.肠系膜下静脉3.Splenicv.脾静脉4.Leftgastricv.胃左静脉5.Rightgastricv.胃右静脉6.Cysticv.胆囊静脉7.Paraumbilicalv.附脐静脉,Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉,Portosystemicanastomoses1.Atesophagealvenousplexus(lowerthirdoftheoesophagus)Hepaticportalveinleftgastricveinesophagealvenousplexusesophagealveinazygosveinsuperiorvenacava2.AtrectalvenousplexusHepaticportalveinsplenicveininferiormesentericveinsuperiorrectalveinrectalvenousplexusinferiorrectalandanalveinsinternaliliacveininferiorvenacava,Portal-systemicanastomoses,3.AtperiumbilicalvenousreteHepaticportalveinparaumbilicalveinperiumbilicalvenousretethoracoepigastricandsuperiorepigastricveinsuperio