英国文学简史(期末考试资料)

英国文学简史英美文学史名词翻译Neoclassicism (新古典主义) Renaissance (文艺复兴 ) Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌) Classism (古典主义)Enlightenment (启蒙运动) Romanticism (浪漫主义) Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Aestheticism（美学主义） Stream of consciousness (意识流) the Age of Realism (现实主义时期) Naturalism (自然主义) Local Colorist (乡土文学) Imagism (意象主义) The Lost Generation (迷惘的一代) Surrealism (超现实主义) The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代)Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人） New Criticism (新批评主义) Feminism(女权主义) Hemingway Code Hero (海明威式英雄) Impressionism (印象主义) Post modernity (后现代主义) Realism (现实主义) Allegory (寓言) Romance (传奇) epic(史诗) Blank Verse (无韵诗) Essay (随笔) Masques or Masks (假面剧) Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节) Three Unities (三一.原则) Meter (格律) Soliloquy (独白) Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人) Elegy (挽歌) . Action/plot (情节) Atmosphere (基调) Epigram (警句) The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句) Sentimentalism (感伤主义文学) Aside (旁白) Denouement (戏剧结局) parable (寓言) Genre (流派)Irony (反讽) Satire (讽刺) Lyric (抒情诗) Ode (颂歌) Pastoral (田园诗) Canto (诗章) Lake Poets (湖畔诗人) Image (意象) Dramatic monologue（戏剧独白） Psychological novel (心理小说) Allusion (典故) Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物) Symbolism (象征主义) Existentialism (存在主义) Anti-hero (反面人物) Rhyme (押韵) Round Character (丰满的人物) Flat character (平淡的人物) Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) Iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步) Poetic license (诗的破格) Legend (传说) Myth (神话) Pessimism (悲观主义) Tragicomedy (悲喜剧) Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧) Free Verse (自由体诗歌) Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) Autobiography (自传) Biography (传记) Foot (脚注) Protagonist (正面人物) Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) Setting (背景)Chronicle编年史 Ballads 民谣consonant(协调,一致) repetition (反复)repeated initial(开头的)一、 中世纪文学（约5世纪1485） 贝奥武甫（Beowulf） 高文爵士和绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) 英国诗歌之父（Father of English Poetry） 坎特伯雷故事（The Canterbury Tales ） 二、 文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） 托马斯莫尔 （Thomas More ） 乌托邦（Utopia） 埃德蒙斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 仙后（The Faerie Queene) 弗兰西斯培根（Francis Bacon） 论说文集（Essays) 克里斯托弗马洛（Christopher Marlowe） 帖木儿大帝（Tamburlaine） 浮士德博士的悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） 马耳他岛的犹太人（The Jew of Malta ） 威廉莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ） 四大悲剧: Hamlet（ 哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、King Lear（李尔王）、Macbeth（麦克白）四大喜剧： A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦 As you like it皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜 The merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 三、17世纪文学 约翰弥尔顿 John Milton 失乐园（Paradise Lost） （诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。） Epics: 失乐园n 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 约翰班扬（John Bunyan） 天路历程（The Pilgrims Progress）（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。） Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人) Religionary Allegory:天路历程 约翰多恩（英国诗人）John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） Artistic features: 1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 The Flea 虱子 Valediction:四、 启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.批评论n Artistic features: 1.Using “heroic couplets” 卷发遇劫记 道德论 人论n 愚人记 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Gullivers Travels （十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 一个小小的建议n 书战 木桶的故事n 一个麻布商的书信 丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe） （小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）l He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） （英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。） He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels: 弃婴汤姆琼斯 约瑟夫安德鲁 大诗人江奈生威尔德 托马斯格雷 Thomas Gray 墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ） Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施莱登17511816 情敌n 造谣学校 William Blake威廉布莱克17571827 天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 一朵红红的玫瑰n 往昔时光 不管那一套n 我的心在那高原上 五、 浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 罗伯特彭斯 Robert Burns The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生，我的爱人，Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect，苏格兰抒情歌谣集 一朵红红的玫瑰 Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长 不管那一套My heart is on the plateau我的心在那高原上 布鲁斯在班诺克本 自由树 Farewell to Scotland 再见苏格兰 威廉布莱克 William Blake 天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: 扫烟囱的小孩 Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂与地狱的婚姻 威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth （与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 序曲 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ）The Lake Poets 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗 Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824 （拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）n “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. 唐璜 恰尔德哈罗德尔游记 Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822 Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯 Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression 麦布女王 伊斯兰的反叛 诗辩 无神论的必要性Johnl Keats约翰济慈17951821 (“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。) Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂 夜莺颂 心灵颂 忧郁颂 秋颂nJane Austen简奥斯丁17751817l She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见(chapter I) 【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved 【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood 【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. 【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters 曼斯菲尔德庄园 爱玛 诺桑觉寺 劝导The Victorian Period 1832-1900 English Critical Realism(Victorian Era)Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯18121870 （批判现实主义小说家）the greatest representative of English critical realist writer 匹克威克外传 奥利弗特维斯特（雾都孤儿） 老古玩店 圣诞颂歌 董贝父子 大卫科波菲尔 荒凉山庄 艰难时世 双城记(London & Paris) 远大前程 我们共同的朋友 Sketches by Boz; American Notes 美国札记 William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷18111863 or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan) Coxs Diary庸人之书 Jane Austen简奥斯丁 She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园 爱玛 诺桑觉寺 劝导 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特18161855 简爱 雪莉 教师 Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特18181854 呼啸山庄 George Eliot乔治艾略特 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 亚当比德 织工马南 米德尔马契Mid and Late 19th Century Robert Browning罗伯特白朗宁18121889 我已故的公爵夫人 海外乡思 Men and Women; Dramatic Lyrics; Pippa Paaaes; The Ring and the Book; Elizabeth Barrett Browing: 伊丽莎白巴雷特勃朗宁 葡萄牙十四行诗 Christina. G. Rossetti: 1830-1894 Seek and Find; A Story for Girls; Song; A Birthday19001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw Henrry James: the wings of a dove; a portrait of a women; Daisy Miller; the ambassadors; the golden bowl George Bernard Shaw乔治伯纳萧18561950 (英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业 鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant 武器与人 左右命运的人 Plays 人与超人 匹格玛利翁 苹果车 圣女贞德 Heartbreak House . 托马斯哈代18401928 （小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔丝 Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 Poems ： Wessex Poems And Other Verses ， Poems Of The Past And Present The Dynasts 列国 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德18561900 salome （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies: 认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子一个无足轻重的女人理想的丈夫 Novel: 多利安格雷的画像 Fairy Stories: 快乐王子故事集 The Truth Of Masks .William Butler Yeats威廉勃特勒叶茨18651939 （爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections 苇风 责任 塔 旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节，1916 第二次来临/再世 到拜占庭航行 When You are Old; The Lake Isle of Innisfree; Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家） Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案 Morning at the Window;David Herbert Lawrence戴维赫伯特劳伦斯18851930 Modernist 儿子与情人(autobiographical)虹 恋爱中的女人 查特莱夫人的情人 詹姆斯乔伊斯18821941 Modernist （爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness 尤利西斯(S_O_C) 一个青年艺术家的肖像 芬尼根的苏醒 都柏林人 Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅沃尔芙18821941 Modernist （意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness Novels 达洛维夫人 到灯塔去 浪 雅各布的房间 奥兰朵 幕间 The Voyage Out; A room of ones ownEdward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster) 印度之行 霍华兹别墅 Where Angels Fear to Tread; The Longest Journey; A Room with a View; Howards End; A Passage to India; Maurice Dorris Lessing The Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook; Particularly Cats; Love, Again Samuel Beckett Finnegans Waken ; More Pricks Than Kicks; Waiting for Godot; The Trilogy Molloy;Malone Dies; The Unameable Harold Pinter The Room; The Birthday Party; Tea Party;The Homecoming; Old Times名词解释、定义Sonnet 十四行诗A sonnet is a lyric poem comprising包含 14 rhyming lines of equal length. 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed ,was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard , Earl of Surrey.十四行诗是一首抒情诗包括14包含押韵线长度相等。14行抒情诗，通常是押韵的抑扬格五音步写。十四行诗，14行诗押韵诗错综复杂的精确形式，介绍了从意大利到英国的托马斯爵士怀亚特和亨利霍华德，萨里伯爵。William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 Renaissance 文艺复兴a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.第十四世纪起源于意大利的艺术和科学复兴的复兴或复兴，并逐渐传遍整个欧洲。它有两个特点：一个渴望的好奇心，对古典文学和人类活动的兴趣。Alighieri Dante，A pioneer of the Renaissance, as a representative of the Divine Comedy阿利盖利但丁，文艺复兴的先驱，代表作为神曲Sentimentalism 感伤主义 it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.这是第十八世纪后几十年英国文学的重要趋势之一.。它集中在思想和情感的自由表达上，提出了一种新的人性观，即对思想的珍视，对理性的激情。British sentimental representative writer Steyns novel 英国感伤主义代表作家斯泰恩的小说在法国和意大利的感伤旅行Romanticism 浪漫主义imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.想象、情感和自由是浪漫主义的焦点。浪漫主义文学的特殊性包括：主体性和强调个人主义；脱离规则的自由；孤独的生活而不是社会生活；想象优于理性的信仰；对自然的热爱和崇拜。Ode to the west wind is the poem of English Romantic poet Shelley.西风颂是英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱的诗作。metaphysical poetry 玄学派诗歌Metaphysical poetry mainly refers to England in seventeenth Century by John Dunn (1572-1631) the influence of the works of poets. The metaphysical poets with rebellious spirit, Elizabeth tried to break away from the traditional period of love poetry. The imagery is extracted from real life. The form of poetry is often with the love, with God, or with himself of an argument.玄学派诗歌主要是指英国十七世纪深受约翰邓恩（1572-1631）影响的诗人的作品。玄学派诗人具有强烈的叛逆精神，试图从伊丽莎白时期传统的爱情诗歌中分离出去。诗中的意象都是从现实的生活中提取。诗歌的形式经常都是以作者同爱人，同上帝，甚或同自己进行争论的方法存在的。John Donne is the representative of metaphysical约翰.邓恩便是“玄学派”的代表人物。Classicalism 古典主义Classical, popular in Western Europe in seventeenth Century, especially a literary trend in France. This trend is the product of a specific historical period, because of