Unit 3 Section Four Grammar and usage 1 课件.pptVIP

Unit3SectionFourGrammarandusage1课件,Thelovelyrobotsattractsthevisitors.,Thevisitorsareattractedbythelovelyrobots.,S.,V.,O.,O.,V.,S.,TheGreatWallwasvisitedbymanypeoplelastyear.,S.,V.,O.,O.,V.,S.,ManypeoplevisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.,ThePassivevoice,1.句子的主动语态和被动语态可互换，在意义上区别很小。在主动语态中，句子的主语是动作发出者；在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者。,Pointouttheverb,thesubjectandtheobjectinthefollowingsentences:,Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.,Wemustclosethewindowsandthedoor.,S,V.,O.,S,V.,O,Manytreeswereplanted(byus)lastyear.,Thewindowsandthedoormustbeclosed.,Thefilm_(name)ET.,isnamed,TheGreatWall_(visit)bymanypeopleeveryyear.,isvisited,Abirthdayparty_(hold)now.,isbeingheld,ThefilmET_(show)inthecinemanextweek.,willbeshowed,be+done,Thepassivevoice,2、被动语态的基本动词形式是be+过去分词。通过be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。e.g.Foodiskeptinthefridge.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.,Thepassivevoiceindifferenttenses:,do/does,are/isdone,am/is/aredoing,has/havedone,am/is/arebeingdone,have/hasbeendone,begoingto/willdo,did,was/weredoing,haddone,begoingto/willbedone,was/weredone,was/werebeingdone,hadbeendone,Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:,I_(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.English_(find)veryuseful.3.Thework_(finish)tomorrow.4.Theflowers_(water)bythemnow.,wasgiven,isfound,willbefinished,arebeingwatered,5.Therailway_(build)thistimelastyear.6.Thenewway_already_(build).7.Thenewrailway_(build)bytheendoflastyear.8.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting_(hold)thenextmonth.9.Rice_(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.,wasbeingbuilt,has,beenbuilt,hadbeenbuilt,wouldbeheld,isgrown,3.在用被动语态时还要注意一下几点：a.在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。e.g.Boththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetwork.,在give,lend,offer,send,tell和show等动词后，常带两个宾语，分别指人和物，变为被动语态时，常用指人的宾语做句子的主语，也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语，但需在人前加介词to,e.g.OurteacheroftentellsussomeinterestingstoriesinEnglish.WeareoftentoldsomeinterestingstoriesinEnglish.SomeinterestingstoriesareoftentoldtousinEnglish.,Thegovernmenthasgivenmuchfoodtothepeopleinthepoorarea.,Thepeopleinthepoorareahasbeengivenmuchfood.Muchfoodhasbeengiventothepeopleinthepoor.,在主动语态中，有些动词后（使役动词和感官动词）常接宾语和不带to的动词不定式，在被动语态中，则使用带to的动词不定式。e.g.1.Ioftenhearthegirlplaythepianointheafternoon.Thegirlisoftenheardtoplaythepianointheafternoon.,2.Heletmegofirst.Iwaslettogofirst.,主动语态：make/let/have/see/hearsbdosth被动语态：sbbemade/let/had/seen/heardtodosth,在被动语态中，有时get可用来代替be，如getchanged、getdressed和gethurt等。e.g.Mybikegotstolenlastnight.Youdbettergetchangedquickly,asthepartywillbeginsoon.,1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。Mybikegotstolenlastnight.2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。Theeggshavegotbroke.3.工资已经付给了工人们。Theworkershavegotpaid.,Translatethesentencesusing“getdone”.,有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被动意义。e.g.Thissweaterwasheswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.ThekindofcomputersellswellinChina.,Translatethefollowingsentences.这件毛衣很好洗。Thissweater_(wash)well.2你的文章好读。Yourarticle_(read)well.3这些花闻起来很香。Theflowers_(smell)sweet.4.这种布料易干.Thiskindofcloth_(dry)easily.dries,washes,reads,smell,dries,表示状态的动词如fail,suit,contain,own,hold,fit,cost,lack,become,have,andfeel等不能用被动语态。e.g.Ilikepopsongsandoftenlistentothem.Hehasabighouseneartheriver.Youcandependonhertodealwiththesituation.,一些特殊的被动语态句型:It+passiveverb+thatclauseIt+动词的被动语态形式+that引导的从句e.g.Itissaidthathewillrecoversoon.Itisbelievedthatthethreemissingsailorshavedrowned.Subject+passiveverb+toinfinitive主语+动词的被动语态形式+动词不定式e.g.TheSunwasoncethoughttotravelaroundtheEarth.,1.据说他很快恢复了。Itissaidthathewillrecoversoon.2.据报道下个月又一本书要出版。Itisreportedthatanotherbookwillbepublishednextmonth.,Specialpassivepatterns,ItissaidthatLiPingwillstudyabroad.,LiPingissaidtostudyabroad.,ItissaidthatLiPingisstudyingabroad.,LiPingissaidtobestudyingabroad.,LiPingissaidtohavestudiedabroad.,LiPingissaidtohavebeenstudyingabroad.,ItissaidthatLiPingstudiedabroad.,ItissaidthatLiPinghasbeenstudyingabroad.,ItissaidthatItisreportedthatItishopedthatItiswellknownthatItisbelievedthatItmustbepointedoutthat,Moreexamples:,Specialpassivepatterns,常用于这类句型的动词有say,believe,report,suppose,know和prove等.,Readtheinformationonpage49andcompletethereportontheevent.,Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._,arebeing,theElectricWearCompany,beendeveloped,wasinvented,areused,beencompleted,willbeproduced,willbe,beenannounced,arecleaned/canbecleaned,Modalverbandthepassivevoice情态动词与被动语态,1.情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力、可能性、职责和允诺等。e.g.FirefighterscouldbetrainedusingRealCine.,2.Weformsentencesusingmodalverbsinthepassivevoicebyaddingbeandthepastparticiple.情态动词的被动语态形式的构成是在情态动词后加be和过去分词。,e.g.Computercanworkoutthepositionoftheuseratanytime.Thepositionoftheusercanbeworkedoutatanytime.,modalverb+bareinfinitive,modalverb+be+pastparticiple,Summary:Modalverb+be+V-edform2),Readthetableonpage50andnotetheuseofthesemodalverbsintheactiveandpassivevoices.,Readthefirstreportonpage50andcompletethesecond.,Answers:1._2._3._4._5._,canbereduced,mustbetaken,mustbeworn,maybecome,oughttobereduced,Verbsoftenusedinthepassivevoice,Someverbsareoftenusedinthepassivevoiceandfunctionlikeadjectives.e.g.Thechildrenaregettingexcitedaboutthecomingholiday.Dontyougettiredofarguingaboutthesomethingallthetime?,Moreexamplesbeamazedby,betiredof,beaddictedto,behookedon,爱上某人beshockedat,befrightenedby，beexcitedabout,beboredwith,bedisappointedatby,befascinatedby，beimpressedatbywith,beinterestedin,besetupby,besituatedinon,besurprisedatbybepleasedwith,besatisfiedwith,LookatthetimelineshowingthehistoryofNapsterandcompletethearticleonpage51.Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._,boredwith,interestedin,wasfounded,wereemployed,wassurprisedat,wasaccusedof,wascloseddown,waspurchased,1.Itremains_whetherJimllbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee,被动语态专项练习,2.Idontsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand_now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned,3.Yourjob_openforyourreturn.Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept,4.Tomsoundsverymuch_inthejob,butImnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly,5.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_yet.A.hasntbeendecidedB.haventdecidedC.isntbeingdecidedD.arentdecided,考点点拨考例回顾,1.AVRheadsetwasdesignedbyscientists.(P48)考点wasdesigned是一般过去时的被动语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。,考例1Theflowersweresolovelythatthey_innotime.A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell点拨theflowers和sell之间是被动关系，故排除A和D项。weresolovely与sell是同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排除B项。故选C项。,考例2Astheyearspassed,manyoccasionsbirthdays,awards,graduations_withDadsflowers.A.aremarkedB.weremarkedC.havemarkedD.hadmarked,点拨句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的场合，如我的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语occasions与mark之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，选B项。,2.Rightnowthenewproductisbeingdevelopedinthelaboratory.(P48)考点isbeingdeveloped是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。,考例Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?Yes,Ihave.Iguessit_now.A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading,点拨句意：“你交作业了吗？”“交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改”。根据空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语态；根据now一词，可知应用现在进行时，所以C项正确。,3.Anagreementhasbeenputforward.(P48)考点hasbeenputforward是现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。,考例1Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat_.A.havemarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarked点拨因mark这一动作发生在get之前，且试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选B项。,考例2Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances_inthepastyears.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered,点拨in/du