2018届高三英语一模汇编

.2018届高三英语一模汇编-阅读理解C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ( C )Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victorias Deakin University, “Its Australians egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australias founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be rewarding criminality. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further so have a Captains Cook (have a look), became avacaptains. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like good day became gday, and barbecue was barbie.The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的） sense of humor. While in many countries its considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animals tail was on fire. I couldnt help but laugh it was a brilliant reminder of the countrys nothing upsets us and anti-authoritarian attitude.And one thing you cant help but notice when driving around Australia is the countrys plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians relaxed attitude. 63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to _ in meaning. A. criminality B.cruelty C. equality D.governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language? A. They use more slangs than other people. B. They give new meanings to existent words. C. They favour shortened forms of expressions. D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Kangaroos living conditions are getting tougher. B. Forest fires threaten Australians life to a great extent. C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria. D. Australians jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about _. A. how the late 1700s impacted Australia B. why Australians enjoy casual life so much C. what contributes to Australians relaxed lifestyle D. how Australians present their attitude towards life答案;63-66 CCDD 【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges1 OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the worlds largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the worlds oil.2 The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from Londons International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPEs efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.3 The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”-self-employed tradersis helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London.4 Dublins new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE s new morning electronic session. By the years end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.5 In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europes largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.6 Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won -across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are _.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means _.A. backwardness B.disappointments C. engineers D.problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that _.A. trading volume in the IPEs new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britains regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.A. its very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：63-66: C D B A 【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isnt true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a childs genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr. Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the childrens gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooths hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouths ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of on going research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host. 63.What does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1?A.Childrens failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B.Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C.Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D.Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A.whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB.which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC.what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD.why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65.Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A.Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B.The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C.The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The existence of multiple microbes benefits childrens oral ecosystem.B.What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a childs oral ecosystem.C.Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D.Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.答案：63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read. ( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.” Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the importsand that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroadthe United States companysproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties.Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian” companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_A. arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB. warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC. recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD. advocating theuse of trade restrictions for dumped products but not for otherimports. 64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC_.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US. 65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier. 66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of dumping products in theUS.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company wont necessarily helpother units.答案：BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性). Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today.Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:gener