真空有载开关

,TechnicalBackgroundofVacuumSwitchingTechnologyforOLTCs真空有载分接开关的技术背景,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page2,Overviewofcontents简介,Introductionofvacuumswitchingtechnology真空开关技术介绍Keydesignconception设计理念Basiccharacteristicsofvacuuminterrupters真空开关管的基本特性HighperformancesofvacuumOLTCs真空有载分接开关的优异性能Summaryofadvantages优势小结Performanceverification性能的验证Whynosignificantovervoltagecanbecaused!为什么不会引起过电压!,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page3,InnovativeVacuumSwitchingTechnologyinOLTCs真空开关技术对有载分接开关的革新,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page4,VacuumTechnologyinMRMR真空技术,Over20yearsofexperiencewithvacuumtechnologyinOLTCs拥有20多年在有载分接开关中采用真空技术的经验Worldwidemorethan40,000vacuuminterruptersinMROLTCsinservice全球有4万多支真空开关管在MR有载分接开关中运行Vacuuminterruptersinstate-of-the-artdesignandproductionspeciallyforOLTCapplications专为有载分接开关的应用而特制的真空开关管具有最新的设计和工艺Highreliabilitywithbestoperationrecords优异的运行业绩证明高可靠性Highlifespan:maintenance-freeforpowertransformersapplications超长的运行寿命实现在电力变压器中终身免维护Sharing75yearsMRexperiencewithOLTCmanufacturing分享MR75年生产有载分接开关的经验,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page5,Principlestructureofavacuuminterrupter真空开关管的原理结构,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page6,KeyDesign-Conception真空开关管的设计理念,intransformeroil适用变压器油,othergiveninsulatingmedium适用其他绝缘介质,operatingtemperaturerange适用变压器运行温度范围,expectedlifespanoftheOLTC超过有载分接开关的寿命期望,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page7,Highlightoftechnicalfeatures技术特征,Thevacuuminterrupterisahermeticallysealedsystem真空开关管是一全封闭的系统Thearc(drop)voltageinvacuumisconsiderablylowerthaninoilorSF6真空中的电弧电压比油和SF6中低Eliminationoftheinsulatingmediumasthearcquenchingagent绝缘介质免去了灭弧重担Noagingofthequenchingmedium灭弧介质无老化现象Nointeraction/oxidationduringswitching开关中无交互或氧化Extraordinaryfastdielectricrecoveryofupto10kV/s真空中超高速介电恢复达10kV/s,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page8,(1).Vacuuminterrupterisahermeticallysealedsystem真空开关管是一全封闭的系统,thereisnointeractionwiththesurroundingmedium,despitethearc跟周边介质无交互,theswitchingcharacteristicsdonotdependonthesurroundingmedium开关性能跟周边介质的状态无关,vacuuminterruptersthereforeremaintightlysealedthroughouttheirworkinglife真空开关管在寿命期密封,thestate-of-the-artcontactmaterials最新的触头材料one-shotbrazingtechnologyinvacuumbrazingfurnace真空炉中一次焊结工艺X-raydetectingX光检测insidepressuremeasuring内压测量HVconditioning高压老炼Jointsmadeinthiswayarenotsubjecttoageingdeterioration真空接缝几乎无老化,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page9,(2).Arcvoltageinvacuumislow真空中的电弧电压低,Lowarcvoltage低电弧电压,reducedcontactwear降低触头烧损,Contactclearancesonlyinseveralmm触头间距仅几毫米Metalvapourplasmaofthevacuumarchighlyconductive真空电弧几乎纯金属等离子导电性好,Steady-statepressureinavacuuminterrupterlessthan10-9bar真空开关管中稳态压力小于10-9巴Gapdielectriclyrecoveredveryquickly触头间介电恢复非常迅速shortarcingduration电弧导通时间短minimalenergyconversion能量转换低minimalcontacterosion触头损坏小,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page10,(3).Eliminationoftheinsulatingmediumasthearcquenchingagent绝缘介质免去了灭弧重担,eliminationofby-productse.g.carbonwhenusingtransformeroil消除油中的分解物(碳颗粒),on-linefilter(OilFilterUnit)notnecessary不需在线,easydisposal简化换油,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page11,(4).Noagingofthequenchingmedium灭弧介质无老化现象,constantswitchingcharacteristicsthroughouttheentirelifespanofthevacuuminterrupters在真空开关管寿命期开关性能稳定,gettereffectofmetal-vaporplasmawithabsorptionoffreegasmolecules金属蒸汽等离子吸收自由气体分子的获得效应,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page12,(5).Nointeraction/oxidationduringswitching开关中无交互或氧化,minimalcontactresistance接触电阻小constantlylowcontactresistance并保持稳定Heatlossesarethereforelow热耗低,highrateofrecondensationofmetal-vaporoncontacts大部分金属蒸汽在触头表面又重凝聚,significantlyextendscontactlife显著延长了触头寿命,contactsurfacesarefreeofimpuritiesandpollutionlayer触头表面无杂质和污染Highlyconductivematerialsareused使用高导电材料,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page13,(6).Extraordinaryfastdielectricrecovery介电恢复异常迅速,fastdielectricrecoveryofupto10kV/s介电恢复速度达10kV/s,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page14,Summaryofadvantages(1)总结(1),Maintenance-freeoperationsupto300,000switchingoperations操作30万次免维护,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page15,Summaryofadvantages(2)总结(2),VacuuminterruptersforOLTCsdesignedbyMRreach600,000switchingoperationsMR真空开关管的电气寿命达60万次操作,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page16,Summaryofadvantages(3)总结(3),Mechanicalendurancereach1,200,000switchingoperations机械寿命达120万次操作,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page17,PerformanceVerification性能的验证,IEC60214-1typetesttopics根据IEC60214-1型式试验项目Temperatureriseofcontacts触头温升试验Switchingtest切换试验Short-circuitcurrenttest短路电流试验Transitionimpedancetest过渡阻抗试验Mechanicaltests机械试验Dielectrictests绝缘试验,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page18,forVACUTAPVVundVR具体到VACUTAPVVundVR300000operationsmaintenanceinterval30万次免维护操作600000operationsvacuuminterruptercontactlife真空开关管触头寿命为60万次操作1200000operationsdiverterswitchlifespan切换开关的机械寿命为120万次操作,PerformanceVerification性能的验证,MRsVACUTAPtestingstrategyMR对VACUTAP的测试方针Verificationofprolongedmaintenanceintervalsneedsextendedswitchingandmechanicaltests延长的维护周期需通过扩展切换和机械试验来验证,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page19,IEC60214-1,typetest根据IEC60214-1型式试验,MRstestsforVACUTAPVR+VVMR对VACUTAPVR+VV所做的型式试验,Servicedutytest50000operationsatmaximumratedthrough-current工作负载试验在最大额定通过电流下进行5万次操作,Breakingcapacitytest140operationsattwicethemaximumratedthrough-currentanditsrelevantratedstepvoltage开断容量试验1在两倍最大额定通过电流及相关额定级电压下进行40次操作,Breakingcapacitytest240operationsatthemaximumratedstepvoltageandtwiceitsrelevantratedthrough-current(ifdifferentfromtest1)开断容量试验2在最大额定级电压及两倍相关额定通过电流下进行40次操作(如开断条件不同于试验1),Nofurtherrequirements无进一步要求,Switchingendurancetest600000operationsatmaximumratedthrough-current切换寿命试验在最大额定通过电流下进行60万次操作,Breakingcapacitytest1100operationsattwicethemaximumratedthrough-currentanditsrelevantratedstepvoltage(after50000operations)开断容量试验1在两倍最大额定通过电流及相关额定级电压下进行100次操作(5万次操作后),Breakingcapacitytest2100operationsatthemaximumratedstepvoltageandtwiceitsrelevantratedthrough-current(after50000operations)开断容量试验2在最大额定级电压及两倍相关额定通过电流下进行100次操作(5万次操作后),Breakingcapacitytest3after500000operations,astest1开断容量试验3重复开断容量试验1(50万次操作后),VACUTAPVVandVRTestingStrategy测试方针SwitchingTests切换试验,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page20,MRstestsforVACUTAPVR+VVMR对VACUTAPVR+VV所做的型式试验,Mechanicalendurancetest500000operationsminimum50%atToil75C机械寿命试验50万次操作，50%在油温75C,Lowtemperaturetest100operationsatToil=-25C低温试验100次操作，油温=-25C,InsulatingLiquids仅在矿物油中,IEC60214-1,typetest根据IEC60214-1型式试验,MechanicalenduranceTest1500000operations100%atToil=80C机械寿命试验150万次操作，100%在油温80C,Lowtemperaturetest136operationsatToil=-30C低温试验,136次操作，油温=-30CHightemperaturetest136operationsatToil=130C高温试验,136次操作，油温=130C,Alternativeinsulatingliquids:包括替代绝缘油HighmolecularweighthydrocarbonsSynthetic/naturalester,VACUTAPVVandVRTestingStrategy测试方针MechanicalEnduranceTests机械寿命试验,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page21,ProlongationoftheMaintenance-Interval维护周期的延长VACUTAPVR,Switchingperformanceverified/得到验证切换性能Contactwearverified/得到验证触头磨损Mechanicalperformanceverified/得到验证机械性能Intransformeroil在变压器油中Alternativeinsulatingfluids在替代绝缘油中Operatingtemperaturerange在运行温度范围ExpectedlifespanoftheOLTC寿命的期望值,Customersbenefit用户的利益VACUTAPfitfor300000operationsVACUTAP适用30万次免维护操作,E,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page22,Couldtheoperationofvacuuminterruptercauseovervoltage?为什么不会引起过电压?,Dr.K.-H.WeckFGHe.V.,Germany德国高压和高电流研究所,Prof.Meng-YunWang王梦云教授ChinaElectricPowerResearchInstitute,PRChina中国电力科学研究院,Dr.D.Shen,Dr.D.Dohnal,K.RoiderMaschinenfabrikReinhausenGmbH,Germany德国MR公司H.HringMRChinaLtdMR公司(中国),Comparisonoftheovervoltagesinon-loadtap-changerswithvacuuminterruptersandovervoltagesincircuitbreakers真空熄弧型有载分接开关和真空断路器中过电压的比较,Co-authorsofthepaperandtheinvestigation:,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page23,Inductiveswitching断路器开断一个感性负载,equivalentcircuitofatransformerandacircuitbreaker变压器和断路器的单相等值电路,conservationlawofenergy能量守恒定律,maximumovervoltageatthetransformerterminal变压器线端的过电压最大值,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page24,changingfromonetaptothenextbymeansofanOLTC有载分接开关从一个分接到下一个分接的变换过程,U1,UST,(a)OLTCattapposition1,C,U,R2,L2,R1,L1,OLTC,C,RT,LT,RT,LT,I,(b)OLTCattapposition2,C,U,R2,L2,OLTC,RT,LT,I,RT,LT,C,R1,L1,equivalentcircuitofatransformerwithanOLTC变压器和有载分接开关的等值电路,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page25,Results:FulltransformerwithearthedneutralOpeningoftheinterrupter”maincontact“结果:Y结中性点接地变压器/主触头断开时,Highfrequencyoscillationssuperimposedtotheoperatingvoltage引起高频电压分量Amplitudesaresmall电压幅值很小,Voltageacross1.elementoftapwinding分接绕组第一个元素两端的电压,Voltageacross1.elementofcoarsewinding粗调绕组第一个元素两端的电压,18.04.2007,MR/EVA/Dr.Shen,Page26,Results:FulltransformerwithearthedneutralOpeningoftheinterrupter“maincontact“计算结果:Y结中性点接地变压器/主触头断开时,Highfrequencyoscillationsintheregulatingwindinghavedisappeared高频瞬变已消