高考英语二轮复习 第4讲 代词+练习(附解析)

第4讲 代词代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。在语法填空和短文改错中主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及it的用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的否定与部分否定等。考点一：代词的分类分类代词人称代词主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, them物主代词形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves指示代词this, that, these, those, such, so不定代词one, some, any, each, none, all, both, neither, either, other, another, no, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, something, anything, nothing, everything相互代词each other, one another疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, whatwho(m)ever, whichever, whatever连接代词who, whom, whose, which, whatwho(m)ever, whichever, whatever关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as(连接代词、关系代词的考查见并列句和复合句部分)【典型例题】1.(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive.解析分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。答案them 2.(改错)(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.解析根据行文逻辑可知，此处指“我”的事情，故用对应的宾格代词me作介词to的宾语。usme 3.(改错)(2017全国卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.解析根据行文逻辑可知，此处是以作者的口吻写的“我的高中时光”，故应把your改为my。考点二：常考代词的用法1.both, all, either, any, neither, none, no one指代范围代词用法两者both意为“两者都”，是对两者的肯定either意为“(两者中)任何一个”，表示二选一neither意为“(两者)都不”，是对两者的否定三者或三者以上all意为“全部”，指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词any意为“任何一个”，指代或修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词none意为“全无，没有一点”，指代可数名词复数或不可数名词指“物”或“人”，其后可接表示范围的of用于回答疑问词how many /how much引导的疑问句no one意为“没有人”，只指“人”其后不接表示范围的of.用于回答疑问词who引导的疑问句例句1There are many trees on either side (both sides) of the street. 街道的两边有很多树。例句2Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。例句3None of the money is mine. 钱都不是我的。例句4All of the food is gone. 食物全没了。2none, nobody /no one和nothing的区别指代用来回答none人或物how many /much引导的特殊疑问句nobody /no one人who引导的特殊疑问句nothing物what引导的特殊疑问句例句1-How much money do you have? -你有多少钱？-None. -一点也没有。例句2I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment. 我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。(no onenot anyone)例句3-What are you doing? -你在做什么？-Nothing. -什么也没做。【典型例题】用none, nobody/no one, nothing(1) Nobody/No one can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.(2) Swimming is my favorite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a mean of keeping fit.(3) -Wow! Youve got so many clothes.-But none of them are in fashion now.(4) I couldnt just stand by and do nothing.3another, other, the other, others和the others的区别代词用法例句another泛指“另一个人或物”，用于表示三者或三者以上中的另一个。还可用于“another数词复数名词”结构，意为“再，又”Ill give you another example.我再给你举个例子。other泛指“另一些”，意为“别的，另外的”Can we discuss this some other time?我们能否另外找个时间讨论这个问题？the other特指“(两者中的)另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”(一个.另一个.)。修饰复数名词时，表示“其余；全部的”My son is playing with the other two children.我儿子正和另外两个小孩一起玩。Where are the other boys in the class?班里其他的男孩在哪里？others泛指“其余的人或物”(但不是全部)相当于“other复数名词”，常构成“some.and others.”表示(一些.另一些.)Some hobbies are relaxing, and others are creative.一些爱好是放松型的，另一些是创造型的。the others特指“其余所有的人或物”，相当于“the other复数名词”Six of them are mine; the others are Johns.其中六个是我的；其余的是约翰的。【典型例题】用anther或the other填空(1)We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month.(2)He raised one arm and then the other.4one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those，it作替代词时的区别替代词用法one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a /an单数名词”onesone的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数名词”the onesthe one的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词, 表特指(有后置定语时=those)，同类不同一that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，一般不指“人”。同类不同一，相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语thosethat的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。不能带任何修饰语例句1The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐稍晚的一趟。例句2His own experience was different from that of his friends.他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。例句3I love springit is a wonderful time of the year. 我喜欢春天那是一年中一段美妙的时节。例句4The books on the desk are better than those /the ones under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。【典型例题】1.(2019天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.解析句意：研究表明参加课外活动的学生比那些不参加的学生更快乐。此处用those替代复数名词the students。答案those2.(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.解析此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。give sth. a try“尝试一下某事”。答案it /running5复合不定代词某任何每个，所有没有人someone / somebodyanyone / anybodyeveryone / everybodyno one / nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing例句1I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。例句2Is anyone there? 有人吗？例句3We cant decide anything now. 现在我们不能决定任何事情。例句4Luckily nobody was hurt in that accident. 很幸运，没有人在那个事故中受伤。【特别注意】something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone, no one等不定代词有修饰语修饰时，修饰语后置。例句1There is something wrong with my car. 我的车有些问题。6代词的全部否定和部分否定(1)none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any以及no名词均表示全部否定。例句1Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是老师。(2)当not出现在含有表示肯定的不定代词all, both，由every构成的复合不定代词以及“every名词”的句子中，不管not在其前还是其后均表示部分否定，意为“并非”。例句2Both of us are not teachers.Not both of us are teachers. 我们俩并非都是老师。考点三：it的用法1.指代上文提到的某样东西例句1-Where is my dictionary? -我的字典在哪儿？-I left it right on the desk. -我就把它放在桌子上了。2用以代替指示代词this, that例句1-Whats this? -这是什么？-Its a flag. -是一面旗帜。例句2-Whose exercise book is that? -那是谁的练习本？-Its hers. -是她的。3指不知性别的婴儿(baby)或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)例句1The baby cried because it was hungry. 婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。例句2-Who is knocking at the door? -谁在敲门？-Its me. -是我。4指时间、天气、距离、价值、气候或温度等例句1It is nine oclock sharp now. 现在是9点整。例句2It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下得正大。例句3It is a long way to the factory. 到工厂有很长一段路。5作形式主语或形式宾语it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句在句首作形式主语或于宾补前作形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。例句1Its not easy to learn a foreign language.(it作形式主语，代替不定式短语)学习一门外语不容易。例句2Its impossible for him to get there in time.(it作形式主语，代替不定式短语)他不可能及时赶到那里。例句3It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.(it作形式主语，代替动名词短语)独居不和外人来往是没有好处的。例句4I find it easy to get on with Jim.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语)我发现同吉姆相处很容易。例句5I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(it作形式宾语，代替名词性从句)我已经讲得很清楚，任何人都不允许在这儿吸烟。【典型例题】(1)(2018浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.解析句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填it。答案it (2)I think it (is) necessary that we have the meeting. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的。(3)It is well known that China has the largest population in the world. 众所周知,在世界上中国人口最多。(4)It is said all of them have gone to the cinema. 据说他们都去看电影了。6强调句型强调句型的陈述句形式：It is /was被强调部分that /who其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时，可用who /that，被强调部分是“事物”时，用that。It was I that /who told him about it.是我告诉他这件事的。【典型例题】(1) It was only after he had read the papers that Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.(2) It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.7it构成的几个易混句型(1)Itbe时间段since引导的状语从句这个句型表示“自以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。例句1It is three years since his father passed away.自从他父亲去世(到现在)已经三年了。例句2It was 10 years since they had married.自从他们结婚(到现在)已经十年了。(2)Itbe时间段before引导的状语从句这个句型中的“时间段”一般为some time /long /years /months /weeks /days /hours /minutes等。主句中的be可用一般过去时was或一般将来时will be：用was时，before从句用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例句1It was some time before I realized the truth.过了一段时间我才了解到真相。例句2It wasnt long before he told us about this affair.没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。例句3It will be many years before the situation improves.这种状况要许多年后才会改善。(3)Itbe时间点when引导的状语从句这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但若主句是将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例句1It was already 8 oclock when we got home.我们到家时已经8点了。例句2It will be next morning when we finish our work.我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。(4)Itbetime(that)从句这个句型中，从句需用虚拟语气，该句型表示“该做的时候了”，常构成句式：It is time (that) sb. did sth., It is time (that) sb. should do sth., time之前有时可加上high，以加强语气。例句1It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.她是时候给她男朋友写一封信了。例句2It is time (that) we should start work.我们该开始工作了。(5)Itbethe first /second /third.time(that)从句。这个句型表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。主句中be是is时，从句要用现在完成时；主句中be是was时，则从句需相应地用过去完成时。例句1It is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。例句2It was the fifth time (that) he had paid a friendly visit to Africa.这是他第五次到非洲进行友好访问。【专题训练】.单句语法填空1This is 18yearold Musa Bockaries story about how first aid saved _ (he) life.解析句意：这是关于急救如何挽救了18岁的穆萨博卡里的生命的故事。设空处需用形容词性物主代词作名词life的定语。答案his2_ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.解析句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。It isadj.for sb.to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是的”。其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。答案It3I learned to set _ (I) a schedule of getting groceries, cleaning my room and doing my laundry on Sundays.解析set这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式。set myself a schedule为自己设置了一个时间表。答案myself4Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with _ (he)解析作介词的宾语应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填him。答案him5The violin is _ (you), Mr Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.解析此处需用you的名词性物主代词，代指your violin，故填yours。答案yours6Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.解析句意为：尼基总是充满了想法，但据我所知没有一个有用。根据句意和转折连词but可知，此处表示尼基的想法一个也没用。代词none表示特指，相当于“no上文提到的名词”，可以和of连用，该空后省略了of her ideas。答案none7The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.解析句意：基于这项调查，研究小组给出两份报告，不过这两份报告均没有任何有用的建议。根据题干中two reports以及连词but可知这里指的是对两者完全否定，故填neither，意为“两者都不”。8It was time for dinner and _ was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.解析分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空格处是形式主语，故用it。9In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.解析句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法，意为“一些另一些”，故填others。答案others10Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.解析make it clear (to sb.) that.为“动词宾语宾补”结构，本题中真正的宾语是后面的that从句，故用it作make的形式宾语。句意：苏珊向我声明她希望开启她自己的新人生。答案it.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1I hope you will pardon me and enjoy yourself with other his friends.解析和其他朋友玩得开心，“其他朋友”应译为other friends。故去掉his。答案去掉his2When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge(麦片粥) and expressed us appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little surprised at first.解析结合句意可知，此处表示“我们向他们表达我们对他们的辛勤劳动的感激”，故appreciation前应用形容词性物主代词，表示“我们的”，故将us改为our。答案usour3Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now Id like to tell you anything about the smog.解析句意：我很乐意告诉你一些关于雾霾的事情。something一些事情，一般用在肯定句中。答案anythingsomething4Dad lost his job, and as mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”解析此处表示“他很幸运能找到另一份工作”，故应把other改为another。答案otheranother5Our parents check our bags to make it sure were not getting into trouble.解析句意：我们的父母检查我们的包以确保我们不会遇到麻烦。make sure“确保；确定”，为固定短语，不必在make和sure之间加it。答案去掉it6Finally, we put the figurines(面人) we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.解析句意：最后我们把自己做的面人放在桌上，并且与老工匠师傅合影。“we made”前省略了引导定语从句的关系词which或that，在从句中充当made的宾语，故them多余。答案去掉them7I told him that his newly bought dictionary was quite different from me._解析此处表示“他新买的词典与我的词典很不相同”，故应用名词性物主代词mine代指my dictionary。答案memine8However, my parents didnt seem to think such._解析此处think为动词，其后应用副词so，意为“(指刚说过的事物)这样认为，认为如此”。类似用法还有I hope so, if so等。such为代词或限定词，故将such改为so。答案suchso9Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldnt find them._解析根据上文可知find后面的代词指代“我”最喜欢的邮票之一，是一张邮票，故将them改为it。10Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them._解析此处应用it指代a beautiful park，故把them改为it。答案themit.语法填空“Without the ball, Im half complete of _1_(I),” Luis Figo, one of the worlds greatest football players once said.Luis Figo played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing _2_ hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for _3_ in Lisbon. “Figo，Figo，” they _4_ shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player, _5_ was 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win another Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player _6_ was by winning FIFAs world footballer of the year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo _7_ is a real leader who always tries _8_ best on the field and to be a good team player. He doesnt have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham.” In fact, Figo was the first _9_ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one _10_ and work together to be successful,” Figo said.1_2._3._ 4_5._6._7_8._9._ 10_答案与解析【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，介绍了足球明星路易斯菲戈从事足球竞技的历程。1myself主语是“I”，故设空处为I的反身代词myself。2his根据上下文及设空处后的match可知设空处应用形容词性物主代词his。3him介词后应该用代词的宾格，此处用him来指代Luis Figo。4all设空处表示三者以上都，故用all。5who设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为The Real Madrid player,故填who。6hehe在此处指代Luis Figo。7himself此处指Figo本人，故用himself。8histry ones best意为“尽某人最大的努力”，故此处填his。9one此处用one代替footballer。10anot