伯特兰 罗素Bertrand RussellPPT课件.ppt

BertrandRussellrsl,1,WhoisBertrandRussell?,BertrandRussellwasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayistandsocialcritic.,Healsodidalotofworkintheareasofeducation,history,politicaltheoryandreligiousstudies.,2,bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.最著名的作品在数理逻辑、分析哲学,3,Including4marriages,aslewofawards.andcontroversiesThelifeofBertrandRussellcancertainlybedescribedasfullandwondrous!,4,Hisfirstwife,RussellfirstmettheAmericanQuaker,Alyseilis(艾丽斯),whenhewas17yearsold.Russellfellinlovewiththepuritanical（清教徒的）,high-mindedAlysandinmarryingherinDecember.,5,ThisisaphotographofBertrandRussellsfirstwife,Alys.,6,ThemarriagebetweenRussellandAlysin1894wasendedbyseparationin1911.In1921theydivorced.,7,HissecondwifeDoraRussellandchildren:JohnandKatharine,8,BertrandRussell,John，Katharine,9,PeterRussell-Thethirdwife,WhenRussellsmarriagewithDorabrokeup,hetookashisthirdwifein1936theattractiveOxfordundergraduate,Peter.Shehadbeenhischildrensgovernessinthesummerof1930.,10,HisthirdwifePeterRussellandsoninCambridgeinApril1945.,11,HisfourthwifeEdith(Finch),12,Hisfourthwife,RussellwithhisfourthwifeEdith(Finch).Theyhadknowneachothersince1925.EdithhadlecturedinEnglishatBrynMawrCollege(布林莫尔学院),nearPhiladelphia.ThisisthephotothatRussellandEdithattheirweddingon15December1952.,13,Kate,Russell,PeterandJohninRedwoodNationalPark,in1939.,14,BertrandRussellin1893,15,16,17,18,Philosophy,OneofthefundersofAnalyticphilosophyPhilosophyoflanguage:RussellstheoryofdescriptionAcontributiontometaphysics(形而上学)andEpistemology（认识论）,19,TheBest-SellingBooks,TheProblemsofPhilosophy,GivesRussellsviewsonphilosophicalsubjectsandvalueofphilosophicalknowledge.,1912,20,TheBest-SellingBooks,TheHistoryofWesternPhilosophy,Thisbookgivesageneralhistoryofphilosophy.,1945,21,Russell:TheActivist,BertrandRussellisfamousinactivist（激进主义分子）circlesforhisworkagainstnuclearweaponsandWesterninvolvementintheVietnamWar,Hissocialandpoliticalactivismstretchesfarbeyondthat,22,SocialActivity,EducationEthics(伦理学)WomensrightsPacificist(反战主义者),23,MajoredinmathinCambridgeThePrinciplesofMathematics（数学原则）in1903TheRussellParadox(罗素悖论)ThePrincipiaMathematica(数学原理)in1910writtenwithWhitehead,Mathematics,24,RussellsParadox,Russellsparadoxisthemostfamousofthelogicalparadoxes.Theparadoxarisesbyconsideringthesetofallsetsthatarenotmembersofthemselves.Suchasetappearstobeamemberofitselfifandonlyifitisnotamemberofitself,hencetheparadox.,25,TheExperimentalSchool,Alongwithhissecondwife,Russellopenedanexperimentalschool.Hebelievededucationwaskeytoconveyinghissocialbeliefs.,DoraBlack,26,TheRebel,Russellwasconvictedtwiceandspent6monthsinprisonduetohisprotests.Hewasdismissedfromonecollegeandhadajobofferrevoked(撤回，废除)fromanotherforsimilarreasons.,27,In1918,hewasthrowntoprisonbecauseofanarticleofanti-war.In1961,hewasputintoprisonagainbecauseofhisinciteofviolentagainstmovement.,28,Religion,Russellsbooksarenotoriouslyblasphemous（亵渎神明的，不敬神的）.Heimpliesthatreligionisacomfortweseektoexcuseourterribleacts.Hismessageisthatweshouldtakeresponsibilityforourownactions.,29,Gavealotofspeechesaroundtheworld,Aspeechforanti-nuclearpressgroup,30,RussellparticipatedinmanybroadcastsovertheBBConvarioustopicalandphilosophicalsubjects,31,AttheNobelAwardDinner,TheOrderofMeritgivenbyKingGeorgeVIonJune9,1949,32,Inhisfinalyears,hedidntgiveupworking.,33,34,Inshort,asarenownedBritishphilosopher,BertrandRussellaccomplishedinawiderangeofareasincludingphilosophy,mathematics,ethics,sociology,education,history,religionandpolitics.Yet,hisprimarycontributionisinmathematicsandlogic,whichhadfar-reachinginfluenceonwesternphilosophy.In1950,hewonNobelPrizeforLiterature.,35,whatIhavelivedfor,1、PrefaceofTheAutobiographyofBertrandRussell.2、ItShowshisinnerworld.3、Hisviewpoints:“Threepassions,simpleoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylive:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.,36,“Donotfeartobeeccentricinopinion,foreveryopinionnowacceptedwasonceeccentric.”不要害怕怀有怪念头，因为现在人们接受的所有的观念都曾经是怪念头。,37,Ithasbeensaidthatmanisaratio