M3P3 Grammar.ppt

,B6M3,Grammar,Objectives,Tolearnadverbialclauses:having(done)2.Tolearnverbsfollowedbyingortheinfinitivewithto,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Havinglostallmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.=IfeltshyandlonelybecauseIhadlostallmyoldfriends.,Lookatthesentencesfromthepassage.Answerthequestionsbelow.,Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit.=IwentinsidebecauseIhadleftsomethinginthecloakroom.Thatweekend,havingthoughtaboutthesituationforawhile,IdecidedtoaskRoyaboutthetheft.=IdecidedtoconfrontRoyafterIhadthoughtaboutthesituationforawhile.,Dothewordsinredrefertothepresentorthepast?b)Dothetwopartsofeachsentencerefertothesameperson?,Thepast.,Yes,theydo.,1.AfterIhadbeentohishouseafewtimes,Istartedtogettoknowhisfamily.Havingbeentohishouseafewtimes,Istartedtogettoknowhisfamily.2.AfterIhadtalkedtohimforawhile,Istartedtolikehim.Havingtalkedtohimforawhile,Istartedtolikehim.,Rewritethesentences.BeginwiththewordHaving.,3.Becausewehadlivednextdoortothemforyears,weweresadwhenwehadtomovehouse.Havinglivednextdoortothemforyears,weweresadwhenwehadtomovehouse.4.Afterwehadarguedallday,welaughedandagreedthatwehadbeenstupid.Havingarguedallday,welaughedandagreedthatwehadbeenstupid.,_thatshedidntdoagoodjob,IdontthinkIamablerthanher.(2007陕西)A.TohavesaidB.HavingsaidC.TosayD.Saying,实战高考,2._toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.(2008重庆)A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed3._aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(2008陕西)A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow,4._inthequeenforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedbehadleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建)A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited5._manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(2009四川)A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold,6.Dina,_formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(2010湖南)A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle,7._toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.(2012重庆)A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked,Iremembermeetingherforthefirsttime.2.Youmustremembertokeepintouch.3.Iregretdoingthatnow.4.IregrettosaythatIhavelosttouchwithfourorfivefriends.(say),动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一，其主要作用是在句中作谓语。在谓语动词后接动词作宾语时，主要分为两种情况：动词加动词不定式动词加动名词,动词加动词不定式能以不定式做宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,hope,wish,agree,try,manage,offer,decide,fail,refuse,ask,pretend,intend,attempt,teach,discuss等。,Ihavelearnedtodrivethecar.Theyrefusedtoacceptmysuggestion.Hepromisedtocome.,动词加动名词在enjoy,appreciate,admit,consider,mind,avoid,miss,canthelp,deny,practise,allow,finish,imagine,forbid,suggest等动词之后要求用动名词作宾语。,a.Haveyoufinishedrepairingyourcar?b.Shesuggestedspendinganotherweekinthecountry.c.Doyoufeelliketakingawalk.,这两种情况在意义上差别不大的词有：love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt等。Doyoulikeplaying(toplay)chess?Whendidyoubeginlearning(tolearn)French?,需要我们注意的是，有些动词既可用动词不定式也可用动名词作宾语。这两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，有时差别较明显。下面分别说一下这两种情况：,两种结构在意义上差别较明显的动词有:remember,forget,regret,stop,mean,try等。Irememberedpostingthelettertoday.我记得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.请别忘了今天把信寄走。,Letstryingdoingtheworkinthisway.这项工作咱们这样式式看。Iwillworkhard,andtrytoimprove.我将努力工作，并设法改进。,Iregrettoinformyouthatyouwontbeabletoattendtheclass.我们遗憾地通知你们，你们将不能加入这个班。Iregrettedhavingdonesuchathing.我后悔做了这样一件事。Failingthisexammeanswaitingforayear.这次考式不通过意味着要等上一年。Ididntmeantoarguewithyou.我不想和你争辩。,随着语言的发展，这些区别也在逐渐缩小，但需要注意的是：在like,love,prefer等动词后，若表示经常性的抽象的动作，多用动名词作宾语；若指特定的或具体的行动，则用不定式更多一些。例如：,a.Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtoday.b.Shepreferswalkingtocycling.c.Iprefertostayathometoday.,在begin,start等词的后面，在下面三种情况下，后接动词不定式较好:1.主语是物而不是人时：Icebeginstomelt.2.本身是v-ing形式时:Wearestartingtocleantheclassroom.3.其后的动词与想法，感情有关时：Ibegintorealizethatheiswrong.,Review,非谓语动词的havingdone形式；Adverbialclauses:having(done)2.非谓语动词的-ing形式和todo形式。Verbsfollowedby-ingortheinfinitivewithto,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。2.完成了家庭作业，那个男孩出去踢足球。3.你是否考虑过找一位挚友?4.这个年轻人被一颗子弹击中，倒在地上。5.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。6.生病两个星期了，她感到身体很虚弱。,汉译英,Answers,1.我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake,3.你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?,2.完成了家庭作业，那个男孩出去踢足球。Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentouttoplayfootball.,4.这个年轻人被一颗子弹击中，倒在地上。Havingbeenshotbyabullet,theyoungmanfelldownontheground.,6.生病两个星期了，她感到身体很虚弱。Havingbeenillfortwoweeks,shefeltveryweak.,5.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter,1.Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.(2008上海春)A.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park2.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_theirhomes.(2008上海春)A.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft,实战高考,3.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_alone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.(2008湖南)A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived4.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_assoonaspossible.(2008陕西)A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending,5.Istillremember_totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(2009陕西)A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken6.Billsuggested_ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.(2009上海)A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold,7.Davidthreatened_hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported,8.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_tothenewstudents.(2012江西)A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken,9.AsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasntallowed_intothesport