现代大学英语精读四VIP

.,ADrinkinthePassage,.,AuthorAlanPaton(1903-1988),.,AlanPatonwasborninPietermaritzburg,SouthAfrica.HestartedhiscareerbyteachingataschoolinIxopo.Thedramaticcareerchangetodirectorofareformatory(管教所）forblackyouthsatDiepkloof,nearJohannesburg,hadaprofoundeffectonhisthinking.ThepublicationofCry,theBelovedCountry(1948)madehimoneofSouthAfricasbestknownwriters,andbythetimehedied,ithadsoldover15millioncopies.Followinghisnon-racialideals,hehelpedtofoundtheSouthAfricanLiberalPartyandbecameitspresident.,.,HisWorksCry,theBelovedCountry,PerhapsthemostfamousnoveltocomeoutofSouthAfrica,Patons1948workbroughttothenoticeoftheworldthedilemmasofordinarySouthAfricanslivingunderanoppressivesystem,onewhichthreatenedtodestroytheirveryhumanity.InformedbyPatonsChristianandliberalbeliefs,thenoveltellsofaruralZuluparsons（牧师）heart-breakingsearchforhisson,whohasbeendrawnintothecriminalunderworldofthecity.Cry,theBelovedCountryhassoldmillionsofcopiesaroundtheworld.,.,Apartheid,Withtheenactmentofapartheidlawsin1948,racialdiscriminationwasinstitutionalized（使制度化）.Racelawstouchedeveryaspectofsociallife,includingaprohibitionofmarriagebetweennon-whitesandwhites,andthesanctioning（认可）of“white-only”jobs.In1950,thePopulationRegistrationActrequiredthatallSouthAfricansberaciallyclassifiedintooneofthreecategories:white,black(African),orcolored(ofmixeddecent).Thecolouredcategoryincluded,.,Apartheid,majorsubgroupsofIndiansandAsians.Classificationintothesecategorieswasbasedonappearance,socialacceptance,anddescent（血统）.Non-compliancewiththeracelawsweredealtwithharshly.Allblackswererequiredtocarry“passbooks”containingfingerprints,photoandinformationonaccesstonon-blackareas.,.,Apartheid,In1960,alargegroupofblacksinSharpevillerefusedtocarrytheirpasses;thegovernmentdeclaredastateofemergency.Theemergencylastedfor156days,leaving69peopledeadand187peoplewounded.Wielding（掌握、运用）thePublicSafetyActandtheCriminalLawAmendmentAct,thewhiteregimehadnointentionofchangingtheunjustlawsofapartheid.,.,Jubileen.adatethatiscelebratedbecauseitisexactly25years,50yearsetc.afteranimportantevent25、50/60年等具有特殊意义的周年纪念Doyouknowhowmanyyearstheyaremarking?1.silverjubileeA.50years2.goldenjubileeB.60years3.diamondjubileeC.25years1-C2-A3-B,.,ThenewscausedasensationbecauseitprovedthatDorlinstillhadgolddeposits.ThisisashowthatwouldcauseasensationinLondonorNewYork.,extremeexcitementorinterest,orsomeoneorsomethingthatcausesthis轰动、引起轰动的人或事,Wordformationssensational(a.)sensationalize(v.),17.sensation(1)n.,.,afeelingthatyougetfromoneofyourfivesenses,感官的感觉能力Thesensationofsight视觉Sensationoftiredness疲劳感Hecouldfeelnosensationinhisarm.他觉得自己的手臂麻木了。,17.sensation(2)n.,.,Carolinehadthesensationthatshewasbeingwatched.ItwasastrangesensationIfeltIdbeentherebefore.,n.afeelingthatisdifficulttodescribe,causedbyaparticularevent,experience,ormemory感觉、知觉,17.sensation(3),.,Intheyear1960theUnionAfricacelebrateditsGoldenJubilee,andtherewasanationwidesensationwhentheone-thousand-poundprizeforthefinestpieceofsculpturewaswonbyablackman,EdwardSimelane.Intheyear1960,theUnionofSouthAfricacelebrateditsfiftiethanniversary,andtherewasagreatexcitementthroughoutthecountrywhenpeopleheardthattheprizeforthefinestpieceofsculpturewaswonbyablackman.,.,excite:toarouse激起、激发Hisspeechdidntexcitemuchinterestinvoters.Thenewshascertainlyexcitedcomment.,.,conscience(1)n.a.thepartofyourmindthattellsyouwhetherwhatyouaredoingismorallyrightorwrongHewasamanofstrongsocialconscience,whoactivelycampaignedagainstpovertyinallitsforms.Well,atleastIcanfacethemallwithaclear/goodconscience(=whenyouknowthatyouhavedonenothingwrong).Iteasedherownconscience.不再受良心责备,.,conscience(2)n.b.aguiltyfeelingthatyouhaveaboutsomethingbadyouhavedoneAnnfeltapang(剧痛）/twinge（刺痛）ofconscienceathavingmisjudgedher.Theyhavenoconscienceatallaboutcheating.(=notfeelguiltyaboutcheating),.,Hiswork,AfricanMotherandChild,(1)notonlyexcitedtheadmiration,(2)buttouchedthe(A)conscienceor(B)heartor(C)whateveritwasthatrespondedofwhiteSouthAfrica.thatresponded:heremeansrespondedinthatwayorsimilarlyresponded(3)seemedlikelytomakehimfamous,.,Itwasbyacarelessmistakethathisworkwasaccepted,becauseasablackperson,hewasnotsupposedtoparticipateinthecompetition.,emphaticstructure,amistakethatyoumakebynotnoticingsth.orbyforgettingtodosth.错误、疏漏,Itwasbyanoversightthathisworkwasaccepted,.,segregate(1)v.a.toseparateonegroupofpeoplefromothers,especiallybecausetheyareofadifferentrace,sex,orreligion(oppo.)integrateMaleprisonerswerestrictlysegregatedfromthefemales.Schoolsshouldnotsegregatechildrenwithdisabilities.Blacksweresegregatedfromwhitesinschools.,.,segregate(2)v.b.toseparateonepartofaplaceorthingfromanotherThecoffeeroomhadbeensegregatedintosmokingandnon-smokingareas.Theytooweresegregatedintowagonsforfamiliesandthoseforsinglemen.separatekeepsb.apartisolatecutsb.offfromapartheid南非种族隔离(=segregation),.,reprimandv.tobewellenoughto有力气、有精力去做某事Ijustdidntfeeluptogoing.Youdontneedtogobacktoschoolifyoudontfeeluptoit.HeisscheduledtojointheteaminCalgarylatetodayifhisbackisfeelinguptoit.,.,InOrlandoyoudevelopathroatofiron,andyoujustputbackyourheadandputitdown,incasethepoliceshouldarrive.,metaphor:astrongthroat,InOrlandoyou(theblacks)graduallydevelopathroatasstrongasiron,andyoujustthrowbackyourheadanddrinkthebrandyupinonegulpinordertoavoidpolicedetection.,subjunctivemoodintroducedby“incase（唯恐、以免、以防）”,.,Develop:tocometohavegradually;tocomegraduallytoexistence养成、培养Developatasteforaninterestinputback:throwbackputitdown:drinkitdowninonegulpAthroatofiron:Becausebrandyisaverystrongdrink,soifyouoftendrinkitveryquickly,youwillgetaverystrongthroat.,.,Culturalnote1:Accordingtoapartheidlaws,blackscouldnotremaininthebigcitiesafteracertainhouratnight.Orlandomustbesmalltownwhereblackslive.,.,Culturalnote2:Brandyisanexpensivedrinkthatwasusuallyconsumesbywell-to-dowhitefolksinApartheidSouthAfricawhowouldsipslowlyfromabrandyglass.WhenablackpersonlikeSimelaneevergotachancetodrinkbrandy,hewouldusuallyuseasmallglassanddrinkitquicklyforfearthathemightbeseenandarrestedbythepoliceforbreakingthelaw.Abrandyglassisalargeonewithawidebowlandnarrowtop.Itisthisshapesothatthedrinkercanappreciatethearomaofbrandy.,.,Theygaveawindowtoit,withawhitevelvetbackdrop,ifthereisanythingcalledwhitevelvet,andsomecomplimentarywords.,Theygaveawholewindowtothesculpturewithawhitecurtainatthebackandsomewordsinpraiseofthework.Thecurtain(backdrop)wasmadeofwhitevelvet,ifthereissuchathingaswhitevelvet.,wordsexpressingpraise/admiration,Itshardtoassociate“whitevelvet”with“softness”“smoothness”inanapartheidcountry.(velvet:丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软）,.,complimentary:Shewascomplimentaryabouthiswork.她对他的工作赞美有加。Compliment:恭维（话）Make(or:pay)acomplimenttosb.onsth.Pleasenote:Complementary:补充的,.,Thestation:therailwaystationHerald:先驱者、信使Inthetext:thenameofanewspaperThesculptorlivesinOrlandoasheisnotallowedtoliveinthebigcityandthereforehastocommutebytraineveryday.,.,squintattolookatsomethingwithyoureyespartlyclosedinordertoseebetter眯着眼睛看、斜着眼睛看Mrs.Fanningsquintedatthewritingonthedoor.Stopsquintingatthescreenputyourglasseson.Hehad/tookasquintattheheadlineofthenews.,.,outofthecornerofyoureye:Inasecretiveway秘密的、暗地里;withoutlookingdirectlyorintentionally不直视、窥视pleasenote:Thephraseisusuallyusedtogetherwithlook,seeglance,notice,etc.Thewordeyeissingular.,.,indulge:toengagein;totakepartin,heremeanstoenjoy沉溺于,享受pleasurable:使人快乐的、使人满意的、舒适的Apleasurablemeetingbetweenoldfriendscontemplation:1.theactofthinkingdeeplyandquietly2.Theactoflookingatsth.quietlyandsolemnly,.,soIthoughtIdgoandseethewindow,andindulgecertainpleasurablehumanfeelings.Imusthavegotalittlelostinthecontemplationofmyowngenius,SoIthoughtIdgoandseethewindow,andenjoysecretlysomepleasantfeelingsfeelingsofprideformyowngenius.Imusthavebecometooabsorbedinmythinkingaboutmyowngenius,beengrossed/absorbedinHewaslostintheplotofthenovel.,.,confidentiala.spokenorwritteninsecretandintendedtobekeptsecret1.秘密的、机密的2.表示信任或亲密的Theinformationwereceivedisofahighlyconfidentialnatureandrelatestonationalsecurity.Weholdconfidentialrecordsoneachemployee.Afterdrinkingtoeachother,theybecamequiteconfidential.彼此敬酒后推心置腹、无话不谈。,.,feellike:IdontfeelliketakingatripFeelliketea/coffee/arestandall:includingthethingorthingsjustmentioned以及其它一切、等等Theyatethewholefishhead,bones,tail,andall.Thebosspromisedtoprovidemewithacomputerandall.roundthecorner:verynear;comingsoon,.,Icouldnthavetoldhimmyname.Why?ItmightbethatSimelanehadbeenactingasifhewereadmiringsomebodyelsesworkofartandthereforeitwouldbeembarrassingtorevealhistrueidentity.Hedidnotwanttheotherpersontoknowthathewasindulginginadmiringhisowngenius,esp.afterhearingthecomplimentsofthisstranger.Ontheotherhand,itmightalsoshowthatSimelanewasaveryhumbleperson,orwecouldsaythatsacommoncharacteristicofblackpeoplebecauseofthesegregationanddiscrimination.,.,startoff:tobegintomove;tobeginajourney,.,Wedidntexactlywalkabreast,buthedidntexactlywalkinfrontofme.walkabreast:towalksidebysideQ:Isthereanysymbolicmeaningofthesentence?Woulditbeaproblemforthemtowalkabreast?A:Ablackwasnottheequalofwhitesotheywouldneverwalksidebysideasequals.,.,Constrainv.a.tostopsomeonefromdoingwhattheywanttodob.tolimitsomething限制、克制、约束、抑制Financialfactorsshouldnotconstraindoctorsfromprescribingthebesttreatmentforpatients.Womensemploymentopportunitiesareoftenseverelyconstrainedbyfamilycommitments.Constrained:被迫的；强装出来的Hefeltconstrainedtoaccepttheinvitation.Aconstrainedsmile:强作的笑容,.,expelv.a.toforceair,water,orgasetcoutofyourbodyoroutofacontainer排出、喷出Expelairfromthelings.b.toofficiallyforcesomeonetoleaveaschoolororganization把。除名Twogirlswereexpelledfromschoolfortakingdrugs.Themainoppositionleaderwasexpelledfromherparty.,.,suspend:1.tohangfromabove;tohangsoastoallowfreemovement悬挂、使悬浮Tosuspendalampfromtheceiling.2.tostoporcausetobeinactiveforaperiodoftime停止、延缓Schoolclassesweresuspendedforfearofspreadofepidemic.3.topreventfromtakingpartinateam,.,polish(1)v.theyresoimpersonal.Ihadnodesiretoworkforalarge,impersonalorganization.,.,JustsigningyournameonaChristmascardseemstooimpersonal.太没人情味,.,“Sorrytheresnobrandy,”hesaid.“Onlywine.Hereshappiness.”brandyisgenerallyconsideredmoreexpensivestuff.VanRansburgwantedtotreathisguest”I”withthebestthinghehad.Hehasnobiasorprejudicetowardsblackpeople.Hereshappiness:Letsdrinktoyourhappiness.VanRensburgwasproposingatoast(干杯、祝酒）.,.,Iwas（ntonly）feelingwhatyoumaybethinking,我当时的感觉（不仅仅只是）就像你认为的一样。Q：Ifyouwereaskedtodrinkinapassagejustoutsideofsomeonesapartment,notinvitedintotheapartment,tositdownanddrinkproperly,howwouldyoufeel?Youmightbethinkingthatitwasaninsult;andthatwasmyfeelingatthemoment.Besidesthisfeeling,therewassth.else.,.,Iwasntonlyfeelingwhatyoumaybethinking,Iwasthinkingthatoneoftheimpersonaldoorsmightopenatanymoment,andsomeonemightseemein“white”building,andseemeandvanRensburgbreakingtheliquorlawsofthecountry.,Youmightbethinkingthatitwasaninsulttohavemedrinkinthepassageinsteadofinvitingmeintotheirapartment,tositdownanddrinkproperly.Yes,Iwasfeelingthatway.Buttherewassth.else.Iwasalsoafraidthatoneofthecold,unfriendlydoorsmightopenatanymomentandsomeonemightseemeinthis“whitesonly”building,drinkingwithawhitemanandbreakingthelawsondrinking.,.,Angercouldhavesavedmefromthewholeembarrassingsituation,butyouknowIcanteasilybeangry.EvenifIcouldhavebeen,Imighthavefoundithardtobeangrywiththisparticularman.,愤怒也许可以使我从尴尬的局面中摆脱出来。Icouldhavesimplyleftthenandthereangrilyandthusfreedmyselffromtheawkwardsituation.Butyouknow,Imnotthekindofpersonwhocaneasilygetangry.EvenifIcould,Imighthavefoundithardtobeangrywiththisparticularman.Heseemedsonicetome.,subjunctivemood,.,Talkoutoneshearttosb.:totelleverythinginonesmindthoroughlyandfreelytosb.;topouroutonesfeelingstosb.把心里话告诉某人Sometimesweneedtotalkoutourhearttoourfriends.Comeandtalkoutyourhearttous.Werereadytoofferyouhelp.,.,butnotforallthemoneyintheworldcouldIhavesaidtoherdankie,mynooiorthatdisgustingdankie,misses,notforallthemoneyintheworld:undernocircumstances“dankie,mynooi”and“dankie,misses”，somethinglike“Thankyou,mylady”,wereconsideredproperinthiscontextforblacks.Butasaneducatedperson,Simelanewouldnottalklikethat.Hehadhisdignity.,.,soItooktheriskofitandusedthewordmevrou,forthepolitenessofwhichsomeAfrikanerswouldknockablackmandown,andIsaid,inhighAfrikaans,“Ekisadankbaar,Mevrou.”Taketheriskofit:totakeoneschanceMervou:Madam,atitleofrespect,clearlyinappropriatefortheblackpersontouse.knocksb.down:tohitsb.andmakethemfalldownhighAfrikaans:AfrikaansspokenbyeducatedwhiteAfrikanersFinallyhetookhischanceandusedanexpressionsopoliteinAfrikaansthathecouldhavebeenknockeddownforforgettinghisplaceasthiskindofpolitelanguagewassupposedtobereservedonlyforthewhitepeople.,.,strained(1)a.a.showingtheeffectsofworryortoomuchwork劳累的、（神情）紧张的Ninasvoicesoundedstrained.声音里带有倦意听起来不自然Shelookedstrainedandhaddarkcirclesbeneathhereyes.她眼圈发黑，看上去一脸倦容。,.,strained(2)a.b.astrainedsituationorbehaviorisnotrelaxed,natural,orfriendly不自然的、不友好的、（关系等）紧张的Aftertheargumenttherewasastrainedsilence.Icouldntstandthestrainedatmosphereatdinneranymore.OurrelationshipbecameverystrainedbecauseIhadrefusedtolendhimmoney.Astrainedsmile/laugh强笑,.,strainoneseyes/earsstraineverynerveDonotstrainyourself.thestrainofsleeplessnightsastainedlaugh尽力倾听/注视全力以赴；竭尽全力别太劳累连夜不眠的过度劳累勉强的笑,.,breaksmyheart：makeoneextremelysadoutofnowhere：happeningorappearingsuddenlyandwithoutwarning从默默无闻中；从不知道的地方，从不受注意的的地方Inthelastfewseconds,Gunnellcamefromnowheretowinanothergoldmedal.Outofnowhereheasksmetomarryhim!Igottobecarefulcarsjustsuddenlycomefromnowhereanditseasytohaveanaccident.,.,gettingbeyondme:tobecometoodifficultformetounderstandtestimonial:Aformalstatementaffirmingthecharacterorworthofanotherperson1.(品德、资格、能力等的）证明书、推荐信等2.感谢（或赞赏）的表示，奖状等3.证明、证据,.,forGodssake:usuallyitisusedforgivingforcetoanurgentrequest,buthereithasanothersense:sinceGodhadmadeusequalwhenhewasproducinghumanbeing,infrontofGod,thereisnotanydifference,nottomentionapartheid,betweenthewhiteandtheblack.Therefore,vanRensburg,aswellashisfamily,wantedtofollowGodsinstructionandestablishcertainrelationshipwithSimelane.However,theonlyproblemistheydidntknowhowtodoit.,.,我觉得这一切太不正常，太让人难以理解了：她一个白人妇人向我这个陌生黑人夸耀这个家里的儿子，几个陌生白人站在这儿看着我这个黑人，似乎很想打动我，却又不知如何行动。可我能感觉到刚在向我躬身微笑的妇女的真诚，于是我说：“我看得出来，夫人。”,.,Allofuswerefullofgoodwill,but:Allofuswerefullofwarmandfriendlyfeelingstowardeachother,but,.,.,WedroveupEloffStreet,andhesaid,“DidyouknowwhatImeant?”Iwantedtoanswerhim,butIcouldnt,becauseIdidntknowwhatthatsomethingwas.HecouldntbetalkingaboutbeingfrightenedofOrlandoatnight,becausewhatmorecouldonemeanthanjustthat?,WedroveupEloffStreet,andheasked,“DidyouknowwhatImeant?”HewantedtomakesurethatIunderstoodhim.Beingablack,IknewverywellthathecouldntbetalkingaboutitbeingdangerousinOrlandoatnight.HewassayingthatitwasdangeroustobreaktheApartheidlawsbyshowingupinOrlandoatnight.Whatelsecouldhemeanotherthanthat?,.,“Youknow,”hesaid,“aboutourlandbeingbeautiful?”Theunfinishedwordsare:“Ourlandisbeautiful.Butitbreaksmyheart.”vanRensburgwantedSimelanetoknowthathefeltsorryabouttheircountrysApartheidlaws.Noticethatthroughouttheconversation,vanRensburgwasexpressinghisconcernaboutthesadsituationthecountrywasin,andhethoughtthattheblackmanprobablywouldnotunderstand.Thetruthofcoursewasjusttheopposite.,.,Yes,Iknewwhathemeant,andIknewthatforGodssakehewantedtotouchmetooandhecouldnt;forhiseyeshadbeenblindedbyyearsinthedark.AndIthoughtitwasapityhewasblind,forifmennevertoucheachother,theyllhurteachotheroneday.,Yes,Iknewwhathemeant,andIknew,too,thathereallywantedtotouchme.Buthecouldnt,forhehadbeeninfluencedbyracismforsolongthathewasnowunabletoseethetruthandbehaveaccordingly.AndIthoughtitwasasadthing,becauseifyoudontunderstandeachotheranddontcareforeachother,somedayyouwillhurteachother.Racialprejudicesareboundtoleadtoterriblesufferingsforbothsides.,.,Anditwasapityhewasblind,andcouldnttouchme,forblackmendonttouchwhitemenanymore;onlybyaccident,whentheymakesomethinglikeMotherandChild.,Anditwasapityhecouldnotseethetruthandcouldntopenupcompletelytomeandembracemeashisbrother,forblackpeoplecouldonlytouchthembyaccidentasinthiscase.TheywouldnothavehadthechancetobemovedbythesculptureMotherandChildifithadnotbeenfortheoversight.,.,andmyinarticulatenessdistressedme,andmyinabilitytoexpressmyselfupsetme;OrThefactthatIcouldnotclearlyexpresswhatIwasthinkingmademeupset.,Thestateofbeingunabletoexpressoneselfclearly;thestateofbeingatalossforwords,.,Inarticulatea.a.notabletoexpressyourfeelingsclearlyoreasilyb.speechthatisinarticulateisnotclearlyexpressedorpronouncedMymeetingswithhimleftmeinarticulatewithrage.Heisashyandinarticulateman.Hewascalling,makinginarticulatenoises,gruntingandangry.,.,Sociablea.someonewhoissociableisfriendlyandenjoysbeingwithotherpeopleShesafriendly,sociablewoman.Someresearchhasshownthatpeoplewithoutbrothersandsisterstendtobelesssociable.Shehadherbacktomeanddidntseemverysociable.,.,slump(1)v.tofallbecauseyouarenotstrongenoughtostand沉重的倒下、陷落、坍塌b.tosuddenlygodowninprice,value,ornumber（价格等）下降、（经济等）衰落、（健康质量等）下降Carolslumpedbackinherchair,defeated.Benstaggeredandslumpedontothefloor.Ashousesaleshaveslumped,sohasspendingondepartment-storespecialtieslikefurniture,carpetsandelectricalappliances.,.,insolublea.a.difficultorimpossibletosolveorexplain;insolvable不能解决的、无法解释的b.thatcannotbedissolved不能溶解的Thecleaning-upoperationaftertheoilspillwillbedifficultbutnotinsoluble.Thegovernmenthastodealwithwhatseemslikeaninsolublepoliticalproblemracialharmonywithinthecommunity.insolublematter,.,slump(2)n.a.asuddendecreaseinprices,sales,profitsetcb.aperiodwhenthereisareductioninbusinessandmanypeoplelosetheirjobsTheslumpinthepropertymarketismakingitdifficultforpeopletoselltheirhomes.Thepost-warslumpsenttheunemploymentfigurestotwicetheexpectedlevel.Thewarwasfollowedbyaneconomicslump.,.,butIwasthinkinghewaslikeamantryingtorunaraceinironshoes,andnotunderstandingwhyhecannotmove.,ButIwasthinkingthathewasmuchlikeamantryingtorunbutcouldntbecausehewasstillnotcompletelyfreefromracistprejudiceswhichweredragginghisfeetlikeironshoes.Andthesadthingwasthathestilldidnotknowwhatwaspreventingtheirland,whichotherwisewassobe