非谓语动词做状语93842.ppt

Welcometoourclass！,非谓语动词,过去分词v-ed,不定式todo,动名词,现在分词,Revision,分词,-ing形式,动名词-ing,现在分词v-ing,动词不定式的使用,Todolikethatisfoolish.,Iwanttoseeyou,Iamtovisityou,Hehaslotsofworktodo.,IstudyhardtoimproveEnglish.,Theteacheraskmetoanswerthequestion.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,1.主语swimmingismyhobby.2.宾语Ilikeswimming.3.表语Myhobbyisswimming.4.定语Iwanttobuyaswimmingsuit.,动名词可以以下成分:,1.表语Themusicismoving.2.定语Idontlikethepeopletalkingloudlyinpublic.3.宾补Weheardhersinginginherroom.4.状语Readinganewspaper,Shesatatthetable.,现在分词可以以下成分:,1.表语Theteacherismoved.2.定语Idontlikethemantalkedaboutattheparty.3.宾补Weheardasongsunginherroom.4.状语Lostinanewspaper,Shedidntnoticeme.,过去分词可以以下成分:,非谓语动词的句法功能,主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,状语,主语,宾语,表语,定语,表语,宾补,定语,状语,非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。ThegirlisMary.IfIamgivenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.ThegirldancinginthehallisMary.Givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,主语,系(谓语),表语,非谓语动词（定）,非谓语动词（状语）,连词,主语,谓语,宾,谓语,Analyzethesentence：划分句子结构,观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.(),观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.(),观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.(),原因状语,条件状语,结果状语,伴随状语,目的状语,时间状语,非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/havingdonedone/beingdone/havingbeendonetodo/tobedone二.做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后三.高考易混点,1)分词作状语,主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生,主动，先于谓语动词发生,被动,被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首,被动，先于谓语动词发生,2)不定式做状语,1.Seeingfromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.2.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint.3.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.4.Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfofanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.,一.doing/havingdone做状语主语与非谓语动词为主动关系，havingdone强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。,Aftertheoldman_inthequeueforhalfanhour,hesuddenlyrealizedhehad,hadwaited,1.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.2.Comparedwiththosewholivedintheslums,Childrenherearereallylucky.3.Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.4.HavingbeenshownaroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.5.Beingrepaired,theaccesstothemuseumislocked.,二.done/beingdone/havingbeendone做状语主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系；havingbeendone发生在主句谓语动词之前,1.Nottofailtheexamination,allthestudentsarestudyinghard.2.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.3.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytofindthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.4.Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtobewelcomedintotheirsociety.,三.todo做目的，原因，结果状语tobedone是被动结构,目的状语,结果状语,结果状语,原因状语,表目的,表原因,表结果,不定式作状语,2)不定式做状语,Istudyhard_thepeoplewell.,toserve,Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(置于句首加强语气),Inordertoservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(更加强语气),Istudyhardsoastoservethepeoplewell.(不可用于句首),表目的,Heislucky_hereontime.,toget,Iamhappy_youagain.,LiMingseemedwilling_that.,Iamsorry_that.,tosee,todo,tohear,(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示产生这种感情的原因.),表原因,Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthebushadleft.,1）(onlytodo表示意料之外的结果)2）too.to/enoughto/soasto,表结果,Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim,Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,Thehouseissohighandnarrowastoresembleatower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔,不定式做状语时应该注意：,1not/nevertootodo,toonottodo,but/onlytootodo,tooreadytodo,tooeagertodo表示肯定意义。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。Sheistoosadnottohelpcrying.她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。Iamonlytoogladtohelpyou.我很高兴能帮助你。Iamonlynevertoogladtoknowyou.认识你我再高兴不过了。Marywasonlytooreadytohelpothers.玛丽总是乐于助人.Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudrivecar.你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。,1)分词作状语,主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生,主动，先于谓语动词发生,被动,被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首,被动，先于谓语动词发生,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表方式,伴随,5.表结果,现在分词做状语,3.表让步,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表伴随,5.表结果,过去分词做状语,3.表条件、让步,A.作时间状语：Whentheyheardthebadnews，theycouldnthelpcrying.=_(hear)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Whenweweretakenaroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecitysnewlook.When_aroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecitysnewlook.Afterhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome._hiswork,hewenthome.,Hearing,taken,Havingfinished,B.作原因状语：Becausehewaspoor,hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad.=_(bepoor),hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad._(encourage)byhisheroicdeeds,theyworkedharder._(lose)inthought,healmostranintoapost._(frighten)bythebigforestfire,theanimalsallranaway._(notknow)heraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.,Beingpoor,Encouraged,Lost,Frightened,Notknowing,BecauseIhadntreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup.=_(notreceive)hisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup._(neverbe)tothecity,hesoongotlost.,Nothavingreceived,Havingneverbeen,C.方式/伴随状语:Shewatchedthefilm,_(weep)and_(sigh).Theteacherstoodthere,_(surround)byalotofstudents.D.作条件状语：IfIweregivenanotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.=_anotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.(If)_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.,weeping,sighing,surrounded,Given,Playing,E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)Thehuntersfired,_(shoot)oneofthewolves.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus_(cause)thedelay.区别:不定式表示意外的结果Hehurriedtothestation,only_(find)thetrainhadleft.F.作让步状语：Thoughitheavilyrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=_,itclearedupverysoon.Though_(tell)ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.,shooting,causing,tofind,Rainingheavily,told,分词作状语时,需注意:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.B.分词短语的位置:一般来说,时间,原因,条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Findingthedoorlocked,Tomwenthome.(_)Tomwenthome,findingthedoorlocked.（_）,主句的主语,Seen,Seeing,原因,结果,二.非谓语动词做状语的解题方法,（一）析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.,2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.,A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhewastold,C,A,注意连词,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.2.Givenmoretime,Icandobetter.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的_.,主语,1._fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen2._fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen,thestadium,theastronaut,Seen,Seeing,1._differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiontothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemainlysimilarities.2._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.ComparedB.ComparingC.Tocompare,Comparing,we,thebiggestocean,Wecomparethebiggestoceanwith/tothesizeofthewholeocean.=Thebiggestoceaniscomparedwith/tothesizeofthewholeearth.,（三）辨逻辑关系,即判断主被动,Compared,（四）判动词先后,_theoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.FollowedB.FollowingC.TofollowD.Havingfollowed2._thefruit,thegirlbecamepregnantandgaveabirthtoahandsomeboy.HavingswallowedB.SwallowingC.Toswallow,Following,Havingswallowed,C,1._yourselftosunlightfortoomuchtime,youwillgetyourskinsun-burnt._tosunlightfortoomuchtime,yourskinwillbeharmed.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.ExposingD.Afterbeingexposed2._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered,A,A,Testyourself,3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5.Theideaforthenewplancametohismind,_tohisexperimentinthelab.AwhiledevotingB.whiledevotinghimselfCwhilehewasdevotedD.whiledevoted,D,D,C,形成性检测1.改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级)1.Lookroundwhenyoucrossthestreet.2.Whensheheardthenews,sheburstintolaughter.3.Asshewasstillratherweak,shecouldnotstayupfortoolong.4.Gentlemenalwaysshakehandswhentheyareintroducedtoeachother.5.Acoldrainwasfalling.Itwasmixedwithsnow.,whencrossingthestreet,Whenhearingthenews,Beingratherweak,whenintroducedtoeachother,mixedwithsnow,6.Whilewewerewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.7.Theoldmanwalkedslowly.Hewassupportedbyhislittlegrandson.8.Thegroundwhichiscoveredwithwhitesnowlooksverybeautiful.9.Thereisatalltreewhichcoverstheentrancetothecave.10.Theworkerwrotetothepoliceanddisclosedwhostolethemoney.,covering,disclosing,Bye-bye!,Bye-bye!,Assoonastheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying,Onhearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,(doing动作一发生,主句动作立即发生),1.表时间,Whileshewasplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.,Whileplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.,(doing动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when或while一般要加上。),1.表时间,Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.,Afterturningofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.,Afterhehadturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.,(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.),1.表时间,Asheforgothismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.,Forgettinghismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.,Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.),Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,2.表原因,Because/AshehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.,HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.,(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.),2.表原因,Althoughheworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.,Althoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.,(although/evenif/eventhough+doing.),3.表让步,Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.),4.表方式,伴随,Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.,Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.,5.表结果,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表伴随,5.表结果,过去分词做状语,3.表条件、让步,Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itisbeautiful.,Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.,1.表时间,Confusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theboysranintothebuilding.,Astheboyswereconfusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theyranintothebuilding.,2.表原因,Eventhoughdefeatedagain,thescientistdidntgiveup.,(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.),Givenmorewater,thefishcouldntdie.,3.表条件、让步,现在分词作状语,doing与句子的主语是主动关系,即主语是doing动作的执行者.,过去分词做状语,done与句子的主语是被动关系,即主语是done动作的承受者.,分词作状语时前面可用连词,1.when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawher.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。Iffallingill,Illseemydoctor.如果生病我会去看医生。Oncecompleted,thispowerstationsuppliesthenearbytownsandvillageswithelectricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。Eventhoughgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnottry.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。Thoughknowingthetruth,heremainedsilent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。Unlessinvited,Iamnotgoingabroad.除非受到邀请，要不然我是不会出国的。,分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致）,否则句子是错误的。,Enteringtheroom,Ifoundthewallsnewly-painted.我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。Enteringtheroom，thefirstthingthatmeteyeswasthenewly-paintedwallsBadlywounded,thesoldierwassenttohospitalatonce士兵受了重伤，立即被送到医院。Badlywounded，wesentthesoldiertohospitalatonceBeingverybusy，Icouldnotaffordthetimetogotothecinema我因为太忙，不能花时间去看电影了。Beingverybusy，thefilmticketsweregiventoothers,（对）,（对）,（对）,（错）,（错）,（错）,Theend,非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/havingdonedone/havingbeendonetodo/tobedone二.做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后三.高考易混点,三.非谓语动词做状语高考易混点,1.(only)todo和(thus)doing做结果状语1.Hisparentsdied,_himanorphan.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.toleave2.Herushedtothetrainstation,only_thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind(only)todo出乎意料,意料之外(thus)doing顺其自然,意料之中,做结果状语时,2.doing做伴随状语和todo做目的状语1).Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,_alongspeech.(prepare)Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight_alongspeech.2)Writetotheeditor,_thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher（hope）,preparing,hoping,toprepare,3.taste,feel,smell,taste，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。1._delicious,theapplessellswell.A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Havingbeentasted2._sweet,theflowersinthebotanicgardenattractedthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.TosmellB.SmellingC.SmeltD.Tobesmelt,4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.1）.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn2).Whilewatchingtelevision，_.（2005全国卷III）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings,watching,Facedwith,3.It_ahotday,wedbettergoswimming.,4._arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.,isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.been,C,E,注意标点符号,When_help,oneoftensays,“CanIhelpyou?”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered2.When_help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered3.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnoside-effect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken4.WhilewatchingTV,_.A.ThedoorbellrangB.weheardthedoorbellringsC.WeheardthedoorbellringD.thedoorbellrings,非谓语动词的三种基本形式：二.句式特点：_,句子句子+_三.做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后四.高考考点,doing,done,todo,2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,thetwostudents,（三）辨逻辑关系,“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._blackandblue,theladycouldntmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.Tobeat,Jane,判断主被动,3.考察（be）过去分词+介词1)._withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(四川2006)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface2)._somuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(选项同上)3)._inthemountainsforaweek,wewerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LosingC.BeinglostD.Lost4)._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor,（dress）,Facing,Dressed,Findoutsomesentencesabout“非谓语动做状语”fromthereadingandtheusinglanguage.1.Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromvolcanowillflownextandhowfast.2.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfrontheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.3.Havingswallowedthefruit,thegirlbecamepregnantandgaveabirthtoahandsomeboy.,考察（be）过去分词+介词1._withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(四川2006)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface2._somuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(选项同上)3._inthemountainsforaweek,wewerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LosingC.BeinglostD.Lost4._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor,（dress）,Facing,Dressed,_bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted2._writingthearticle,MrsCurieevenforgotherdinner.A.AbsorbedinB.AbsorbinginC.HavingabsorbedbyD.Toabsorbin,连词+分词（状语从句的省略）1.Hewontattendhisweddingevenif_.A.beinginvitedB.invitedC.tobeinvitedD.havinginvited2.When_help,oneoftensays,“CanIhelpyou?”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered3.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_everyday.(四川2007)A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater,_theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Havingthrow,doing,havingdone,区别,非谓语动词动作早于主句主语，有明显的先后顺序,非谓语动词动作与主句主语几乎同时发生,AfterIhadfinishedthework,Iwentoutwithmyfriends.(变成非谓语动词作状语)_,Iwentoutwithmyfriends.2._inthequeueforhalfofanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited3.（09四川）_manytimes，hefinallyunderstoodit.A.toldB.tellingC.havingtoldD.havingbeentold,Havingfinishedthework,4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.1）.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）A.Johnhastakenan