英语中考阅读回答问题讲解练习.doc

阅读回答问题阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:(1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。 (2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。(3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。其次,审题时要注意两个方面:(1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。(2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。一、细节理解题细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为:Do your eyes need everyday attention?When/Where did the story happen?Who put rubbish into different bags?凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。例原文:On the first day of school, our professor introduced a little old lady to us.问题:Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school?思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little old lady.二、主旨大意题此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea of the passage? /What is the passage mainly about? /What is the purpose of the writers writing the passage? /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What does the writer want to tell us?由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。 例原文:Each educational system has its own advantages. For example, the Japanese students learn more math and science than American students by the end of high school. The advantage of the educational system in America is that students learn to think by themselves. The teaching method makes them more creative.问题:What does the writer want to tell us?思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educational system has its own advantages.有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。例 原文:首段末句:But what about blue food?第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual colors of red, green, brown, yellow and orange.第三段末句:This is perhaps why we dont usually use blue food coloring for drinks, cakes and other food.第四段首句:Some people say we eat with our eyes.尾段:So will we ever see blue foods on our plates? The answer seems to be “no”, at least in countries like the UK and the USA.问题:What is the passage mainly about?思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:People dont like the blue food and the reasons.三、信息归纳题该类题目要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。 例 原文:I never knew her and nor did I know what to do, but I was there, saying some comforting words to a stranger in pain. I asked her to stand still for a few minutes. We then looked for a place for her to sit. From out of nowhere, her friend joined us.问题:What did the writer do for the girl?思路:通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:The writer said some comforting words to her and looked for a place for her to sit.四、开放性问答题此类题目是要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。例 原文:According to an international survey in 2016, young people in emerging(新兴的)countries like China and India have a greater sense of hope for the future, compared with those living in developed areas such as Europe, North America and Australia.It was found that 53% of those questioned in China thought the world was becoming a better placethe highest among the countries surveyed. Some of them also felt hopeful about the future because of the development of technology.However, young people in France, Italy and Turkey had a pessimistic outlook on the future.问题:Whats your opinion of the future? And why?思路:通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:I feel hopeful about the future, because the technology is developing quickly.考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。例子1阅读短文,根据要求完成文后的题目。Bobsledding(雪橇运动) is a fast and exciting winter sport.A bobsled has a two-person team or a four-person team and it goes at about 100 kilometers an hour. When a bobsled team goes down the course, the other teams wait and watch. Then each team tries to go down faster than the others. Each team can try several times. In the end, the fastest team wins the prize.This is a true story about a bobsledder, Eugenio Monti from Italy. The year was 1964.The place was the bobsled course at the Olympic Games in Innsbruck, Austria. The two best teams were Eugenio Montis Italian team and Tony Nashs British team. After their first two runs,these two teams were equal(同等的). Then the Italians made their third run, and it was the fastest of all. The British team got ready for their third run, but suddenly a bolt (螺栓)on their bobsled broke. The British bobsled could not go down.When Monti heard this, he took a bolt from his bobsled and sent it to the British team.The British team put the bolt on their bobsled. They went down very fast and won. The British team got the gold medal(金牌), but everyone talked about Monti. They called him a great sportsman. He also got a special prize, the 1964 International Fair Play Trophy(国际公平竞赛奖杯).Many people think this trophy is a greater prize than a gold medal. It was new then, but now it is given every year to a great sportsman or sportswoman.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? 2. Where was the 1964 Winter Olympics held? 3.Why did everyone talk about Monti? 4.请将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。 1. 【答案】What kind of sport bobsledding is.【解析】归纳概括题。第一段介绍雪橇运动及其比赛规则。2.【答案】In Austria.【解析】细节理解题。在文中找到关键词“1964”即可找到答案。3.【答案】Because he helped the other team.【解析】归纳概括题。根据对最后一段的理解可知,Monti把自己的一个螺栓给了英国队,才使英国队赢得了比赛。所有人们谈论他是因为他帮助了英国队。4.【答案】很多人认为这个奖杯是比金牌更为重要的荣誉。【解析】句子翻译题。trophy奖杯,greater.than比更好的。5. 【答案】International Fair Play Trophy/What is International Fair Play Trophy?【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲的是“国际公平竞赛奖杯”的由来,故题目应与此相关。例子2阅读短文,根据要求完成文后的题目。Clothing(服装)is a language. We can look at traditional clothing to know more about culture.Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. The three colorsred, gold and green, are often used in the clothing. The first color represents(代表)the blood of millions of people who fought for freedom; the second, rich resources of the African earth; and the third, the grassland of home.Because clothing has strong social meanings, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothes, or to dress in the wrong way. For example, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband(腰带)differently according to the importance of the social event.Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose(宽松的)clothing. The temperature there can be very high during the daytime but very low at night, so it requires that the clothes be comfortable for daily life.Today although more and more young people like wearing Western clothes, especially in big cities in Africa, traditional African dress is still quite valuable. This is because it has deep cultural meanings.1.What does the color gold represent? 2.Why are people very careful in choosing what to wear? 3.Does traditional African dress cost a lot of money? Why? 4.请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。 5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。 1. 【答案】Rich resources of the African earth.【解析】细节理解题。第二段提到red, gold和green三种颜色,根据先后顺序可知,第二种颜色是gold。根据the second其后的内容可知答案。2.【答案】Because clothing has strong social meanings.【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知答案。3.【答案】Yes, it does. Because it has deep cultural meanings.【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的traditional African dress is still quite valuable可知非洲传统服装贵。由该段最后一句可知贵的原因。4.【答案】那里白天的气温很高但晚上的气温很低,因此这就要求服装必须适合日常生活。5.【答案】Traditional dress in Africa【解析】主旨大意题。根据对文章整体的理解,本文内容是关于非洲传统服装的,故拟定题目为“Traditional dress in Africa”。例子3阅读下面的短文,按要求完成后面各题。Blood donation is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way to help social work.It helps those people in need of blood.You are able to give or donate blood every three or four months. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.Before donating blood, you should have a healthy diet. Do not go for it on an empty stomach. After having a balanced diet, you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Then you will not feel sick or weak.For a good blood flow in your body, youd better drink at least 6 glasses of water every day.Completely avoid taking alcohol(酒)and smoking a day before and after giving blood.When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed. During the blood donation activity, take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Dont join in some other activities.After donating blood, the following tips can help you. Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed. Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation centre.Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing to save others life.1.How often can you donate blood? 2.What should you have before donating blood? 3.How long should you take a rest after the donation? 4.将画线部分句子译成汉语。 5.给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。 1. 【答案】Every three or four months.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“You are able to give or donate blood every three or four months.”可知答案为 “Every three or four months.”2.【答案】You should have a healthy diet./Have a healthy diet.【解析】细节理解题。本题关键词为“before donating blood”,根据第三段第一句可知答案。3.【答案】For 15 minutes./15 minutes.【解析】细节理解题。根据本题关键词锁定第六段中的“Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation.”,题目要求不超过三个词,故只保留时间。4.【答案】在献血时,深呼吸,尽力让自己平静下来。【解析】句子翻译题。take a deep breath深呼吸;try to do sth.尽力做某事。5.【答案】Blood donation/Tips for blood donation【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍献血相关的知识,并给献血者提了一些建议,故答案应与此相关。例子4阅读下面短文,完成相关任务。Recently, a 17-year-old girl named Cassandra Hsiao becomes hot in the world. Living in California, the girl has received offer letters(录取通知书)from all eight Ivy League colleges(常春藤大学),including Harvard, Princeton and Yale.Cassandras father came from Taiwan, China while her mother was from Malaysia(马来西亚). She was born in Malaysia, and her family moved to the United States when she was five. The family suffered a lot in the new country. Luckily, Cassandra works hard all the time. Cassandra wrote their stories about their hard struggles(奋斗)in the college essay, which was really touching the world.“Your personal identity(个人身份)and sense of belonging(归属感) are two of the most important problems that people from other countries must face. I wanted to share a piece of our home life, and my relationship with my mother,” she told BBC News.“I miss Malaysia. Growing up, I loved flying kites, going to markets and setting off firecrackers(鞭炮). I spent my childhood talking in a mixture of Chinese, Malaysia and English,” she said lovingly.It is hard to deal with language difficulties. Once her mother was laughed at by her teacher and classmates for using wrong English in an English paper. But a kind girl stood up and argued with the classmates. “She fought back and helped my mother correct her language mistakes. Later my mother asked me to teach her proper English starting with pronunciation. It has not been easy.”“I believe this article really shows values I hold close to my heart: Standing up for those without a voice, even when you think you havent quite found your own yet,” said Cassandra.1.Where does Cassandra Hsiao live now? 2.How many offer letters from Ivy League colleges did Cassandra receive? 3.What did Cassandra love doing when she was young? 4.把短文第五自然段中画线句子翻译成汉语。 5.给短文拟一个恰当的标题。 1. 【答案】She lives in California now./In California.【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知她现在住在加利福尼亚州。2.【答案】Eight./8.【解析】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知答案。3.【答案】She loved flying kites, going to markets and setting off firecrackers.【解析】细节理解题。由第四段她说的话中可知答案。4.【答案】克服语言的困难非常艰难。【解析】句子翻译题。Its+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.结构表示(对某人来说)做某事是的。5.【答案】The girl with eight offers【解析】主旨大意题。通过对文章整体理解归纳可知,本文主要介绍这个女孩。例子5阅读短文,根据要求完成文后的题目。Tom works in a big company and he is often very busy. One day, when he came out of the office,it was late in the evening. There was no bus at that moment, so he had to walk home. The street was very dark and he could hardly see anything.So he had to walk along slowly and carefully.Just at that time, Tom found a man with a lantern coming in the distance.“If I go with that person,I will be able to see well,”he thought.When the man with a lantern got nearer, Tom found he was coming with a cane(手杖)in his hand, Tom thought this was strange and asked,“Why are you walking so slowly with a cane even you have a lantern?”The man said,“You know. Im blind. That is why I use this cane to walk.”Tom laughed,“Ha, ha, ha. Youre blind? Then why do you carry a lantern? You dont need a lantern if you cant see.”The man with the lantern answered,“Yes,I cant see. And this lantern cannot help me, but it can help others in the dark.I know better than anyone else how it feels when you cannot see.”Tom didnt say anything for a long time. Then he said sorry to the man.1.When did Tom come out of the office that day? 2.What did the man carry the lantern for? 3.Why did Tom say sorry to the man? 4.把画线的句子翻译成汉语。 5.给文章拟一个合适的英文标题。 1. 【答案】It was late in the evening.【解析】根据关键词“come out of the office”可定位到第一段第二句,即可得到答案。2.【答案】He carried the lantern for helping others in the dark.【解析】根据倒数第二段第三句“but it can help others in the dark”可知,他拿灯笼是为了帮助在黑暗中的其他人。答题时注意介词for后面的动词用动名词形式。3.【答案】Because Tom laughed at him and didnt respect him.【解析】根据倒数第三段可知,Tom最初嘲笑过那个盲人,知道他为了帮助别人时,Tom应该是感到惭愧的。所以Tom道歉的原因应该是对盲人的嘲笑和不尊重。注意需要使用一般过去时。4.【答案】我比其他任何人都了解看不见时的感受。5.【答案】A Blind Man with a Lantern【解析】通过对全文的理解可知,本文讲的是一个提灯笼的盲人的故事。例子6阅读短文,根据要求完成文后的题目。There was once a King and he wanted to find out who could paint the best picture of peace. And he would offer a prize to the artist. Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures, but there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm(平静的)lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white soft clouds. Everyone thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But these were rugged(崎岖的)and bare(无遮蔽的). Above was an angry sky. And it was raining and lightning. Down the side of the mountain, a waterfall fell quickly. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the King looked carefully, he saw behind the waterfall a bush(矮树丛)growing in a crack(裂缝)in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest(巢,窝). There, she sat on her nest. in perfect peace.Which picture do you think won the prize?The King chose the second picture.“Because,” said the King,“peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work.Peace means to be in the middle of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace.”1.What did the King want the artists to do? 2.What did everyone think of the 1st picture? 3.Why did the King choose the 2nd picture? 4.请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。 5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。 1. 【答案】To paint the best picture of peace.【解析】题干意思:国王想让艺术家做什么? (不超过10个单词)。由文章首句“There was once a King and he wanted to find out who could paint the best picture of peace.”可以得出国王的目的。2.【答案】That was a perfect picture of peace.【解析】题干意思:大家对第一幅画有什么看法?(不超过7个单词)。原文“Everyone thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.”,从这里可以得出每个人对第一幅画的观点。3.【答案】Because he thought it had the real meaning of peace.【解析】题干意思:为什么国王选择了第二幅画?(不超过11个单词)。由文章最后一段国王说的话可知答案。4.【答案】身处如此多的烦扰之中,而依然能心存安宁,才是真正的平静。【解析】“mean”意为“意思是”;“those things”指的是“noise, trouble, or hard work”这些烦扰之事,“be calm in your heart”意为“内心要平静”。5.【答案】Real meaning of peace【解析】本文主要讲的是国王寻找关于平静的最佳画作的故事,在评价环节,国王以独特的视角解释了平静真正的含义,所以标题可以选“Real meaning of peace”。专题训练一More and more Chinese students are going on overseas study tours. With language lessons, sightseeing and international communication, study tours meet the needs of Chinese parents and students for a wonderful holiday. However, the