定语从句3 (2).ppt

TheAttributiveClause,定语从句概念：1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词的从句称为定语从句。2、所饰名词称为先行词。,主语,宾语,定语,that/who,that/who(m),whose,that/which,关系代词的用法小结,whose,指人的关系代词,指物的关系代词,主语,宾语,定语,that/which,主谓一致,主谓一致,关系代词前介词的确定,1.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：,2)Hehasthreesons,allofwhomareteacher,如5,11,16题,e.g.1)Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,2.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.,关系代词前介词的确定,如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前,eg:1)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingfor.,2)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingafter.,3)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingat.,e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.,b.引导非限制性定语从句时；,引导词前有介词时；,c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；,只用which，不用that的情况：,如8，12，15，20，23，24，25题,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导定语从句，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.1)Suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting.2)Ihavethesameplanasyou.,2.当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as.,eg.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.,注：as多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycansee(正如人人都能看到的那样)；asiswellknownasisknowntoall(众所周知)；aswehadexpected(正如我们所预料的那样)；asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)；ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)；asismentionedabove(正如上面提到的)等。,如19题,而下面两种情况只能用which.,1.当定语从句放在主句后面时，如果定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which.,eg.1)Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected(notexpected).,2.当定语从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。,2)Mr.SmithusuallypraiseshisstudentRose,whichshedoesntlikeatall.,eg.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.,如7，18题,如7，18题,注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和inwhich来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替forwhich来引导定语从，但time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词+atduring+which引导定语从句。如：,1)Thisisthefirsttime(that)weshallseeanEnglishfilm.,2)Theway(that)wediditverysimple.,3)Thiswasatatimewhenduringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.,（1）TherearetwoboysinPeters，bothof_arewhite（2）TherearetwoboysinPeters，andbothof_arewhite,易混淆句型训练,（1）Johnisoneofthestudentswho_English（2）Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_English,know,knows,whom,them,注意：1.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。,2.nottheonlyoneofoneofeg.Tomisnottheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.汤姆并非是唯一一个通过考试的男孩。（汤姆只是通过考试的男孩中的一个。）,When：,eg:1)Illneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstwenttoBeijing.,2)Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?,试比较：,Iwillneverforgettheyearwhichwespenttogether.,Iwillneverforgettheyearinwhich/whenweworktogether.,1)Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfindit,where,ThisisthefactorywhichIvisitedyesterday.,ThisisthefactorytowhichwhereIpaidavisit.,2)Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.,试比较：,Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntcometothemeeting.,why,Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.,Thisisthereasonwhichthathegavetome,试比较：,介词+关系代词（which）wherewhen.有时为表示清楚，还可以在关系副词wherewhen前加介词from,to等。,eg.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.,注意：1.高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。事实上，对于where这个词，我们不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人物的situation,或某事所发展的stage,或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。,eg.Theaccidenthadreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.事情发展到如此程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。,如10，13，17，22题,2.有些单词表示抽象概念，即它既能表示时间，也能表示地点，后面可以接when引导的定语从句，也可以接where引导的定语从句,eg.1）Wehadreachedthepointwhentherewasnomoneyleft.(我们曾落到身无分文的地步),2）Pleaseunderlinethepointswhereyoudontunderstand.(把你不懂的地方划下来),如17题,Somuchforthisclass,thankyou.Goodbye!,TheAttributiveClause,定语从句概念：1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词（或主句的全部内容）的从句称为定语从句。2、被修饰的名词/代词称为先行词。3、引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系副词4、关系代词或关系副词既指代先行词又在从句中充当某一成分,Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,Theman_visitedourschoolyesterdayisMrBrown.2)Theman_Italkedwithisourteacher.3)Harryistheboy_motherisourMathsteacher.4)Pleasepassmethebook_coverisgreen.5)Isthisthelibrary_youborrowbooksfrom?,who,who/whom/that,whose,whose,which,6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolen.7)Thisisthebestbook_Iveeverread.8)Hespentthelittlemoney_hehadonbooks.9)Heistheonlyperson_Iwanttoseenow.10)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_wesawthen.11)Whoistheboy_wonthegoldmedal?12)Shanghaiisnolongerthecity_itusedtobe.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,Weuseaprepositiontobeginanattributiveclausewhentherelativepronounistheobjectofthepreposition.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,Theman_InoddedisMr.Li.,注意：这时关系代词指人只能用whom，指物只能用which,即：_.,介词的提前,towhom,prep+whichwhom,thechoiceofprep,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.(我们刚才谈论的那个学生)3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,without,about,on,for,Canwealwaysputtheprepbeforetherelativepronoun？,如果定语从句中的动词+介词构成的短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前,eg:1)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingfor.,2)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingafter.,关系副词的用法,Relativeadverbs,When_,where,Why_,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,Whendoweuserelativeadverbs？,Thisistheparkwheretheyfirstmet.WearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneontheInternet.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelatethismorning.,当先行词是表示地点的名词，同时又在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用关系副词where引导,当先行词是表示时间的名词，同时又在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用关系副词when引导,当先行词是表示原因的名词，同时又在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用关系副词why引导,1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamouswriterwasborn.A.inthatB.whereC.whenD.onwhich,2.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.onthatC.whereD.when,3.Ishallneverforgetthosedays_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.A.that.B.when.C.which.D.where.,Choosecorrectrelativewords,5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftiesyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where,Thisistheparkwhere/_theyfirstmet.Wearelivinginanagewhen/_manythingsaredoneontheInternet.Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/_youwerelatethismorning.,Relativeadverbscansometimesbereplacedbyprep+whichwhere=in/atwhichwhen=in/onwhichwhy=forwhich,inwhich,inwhich,forwhich,当先行词为地点、时间、原因的名词时，就用关系副词引导定语从句。（T/F）IllrememberthedaysthatIspentwithyou.Illrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether.判断方法：定语从句中缺主宾表时用that/which定语从句中缺状语时用where/when/why,F,1.ThatsthedaywhenIllneverforget.2.Thefactorywherewellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactorywhereweareworking.4.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.5.Thisisthereasonwhyhegavetome6.Thisisthegirlwithwhoheworks.,TRUEORFALSE,that,that,that,whom,注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和inwhich来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替forwhich来引导定语从句，但time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。,1)Theway(that/inwhich)wediditisverysimple.2)ThisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenanEnglishfilm.3)Thiswasatatimewhenduringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.,有时为表示清楚，还可以在关系副词wherewhen前加介词from,to等。eg.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.,当先行词是situation/point/case时，定语从句中缺状语时，用关系副词where当先行词是occasion/period时，定语从句中缺状语时，用关系副词whenEg:Theaccidenthadreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.(事情发展到如此程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟)Thisisaperiodwhenalotofpeopledevotethemselvestostocks(证券).,Thanksforyourattendance,对比训练：,1.Ihavetwobrothers,_areteachers.Ihavetwobrothers,and_areteachers.A.bothofthemB.neitherofthemC.bothofwhomD.twoofthem2.Pisaisacity_thereisaleaningtower.Pisaisacity,_hasaleaningtower.A.thatB.C.whereD.which3.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedlastyear?Isthisfactoryyouworkedlastyear?Isthisthefactory_youworkedlastyear?A.thatB.whereC.theonewhereD.inthat,C,A,C,D,A,B,C,介词+关系代词填空：,1）Asisknowntousall,theage_childrencangotoschoolisseven.,atwhich,2)Believeitornot,Idontlikethewayhespoketome.,inwhich,4)Heborrowedabooktheotherday,theauthor_isaworker.,ofwhich,5)Thebike_hewenttoschoolwasstolenlastweek.,onwhich,3)Thisisthepen_Iwrotetheletter.,withwhich,、Doyoustillremembertheday_wesawthefilmnamedNotOneLess?,Doyoustillremembertheday_wespentinBeijing?,when,whichthat,、Thisisthefactory_myfatherworkedtenyearsago.,Thisisthefactory_myfathervisitedtenyearsago.,where,whichthat,、Thereason_hewasillisthathecaughtcold.,Thereason_hetoldmeisthathecaughtacold.,why,whichthat,Non-restrictiveattributiveclause,Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.Hisbrother,whomTomoftentalksabout,hasgoneabroad.Mycousin,whosebodyisslim,stillwantstolosesomeweight.Imtakingsomeweight-loss,whicharequitepopularhere.Asweallknow,Chinaisdevelopingrapidly.Mypillsareinthebedroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.Wellputofftheoutinguntilnextmonth,whenAmyfeelsbetter.,非限制性定语从句的引导词：Relativepronoun:Relativeadverb:限制性定语从句的引导词：Relativepronoun:Relativeadverb:,whowhomwhosewhichas,whenwhere,whowhomwhosewhichthat,whenwherewhy,限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，去掉它主句意思往往不明确eg:Thisisthehouse（whichweboughtlastmonth）.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开eg:Thehouse,（whichweboughtlastmonth,）isverynice.,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲相当于一个并列句。1.ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.2.YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.=,YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.,限制性定语从句，先行词一般是名词或代词;非限制性定语从句，可以是名词、代词或整个主句Mikesoldthehouse,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.从句修饰整个主句：Mikesoldthehouse.限制性定语从句，关系代词作从句中的宾语时_非限制性定语从句，关系代词_Thisisthebook(which/that)helostyesterday.Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.,可省略,不可省略,the+n.+ofwhich/whom=_+n表示所属关系Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary,thecoverofwhichisalreadytorn?Haveyoueverhadatalkwiththeoldlady,_isnowlivinginAustralia?_(她的女儿),不定代词或数词+ofwhich(whom),all/either/none/several/few/most+ofwhich/whomMr.Whitehasthreedaughters,allofwhomhavebeenmarried.Icleanedthewindowsofthehouse,_wereverydirty.(大多数窗户),whose,thedaughterofwhom,whosedaughter,mostofwhich,1）非限制性定语从句中，as的先行词通常是整个句子2）as有“正如”和“就象”的意思，which通常翻译成“这”。3）which只可放在句中，as还可放在句首。4）as与so，such，thesame搭配使用，作主语或宾语表示人或物Iwanttousethesamedictionaryaswasusedyesterday.,aswhich,eg.1)Beijingwasattackedbysuchaterriblesandstorm_fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.A.anditwasB.asC.thatD.which2)_isknowntotheworld,TaiwanispartofChinasincetheancienttimes.A.ItB.WhichC.WhatD.As3)Prisonsinsomecountriesareshortofstaff,_meanseachprisonofficerisoverworkedandunderpaid.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it,B,D,A,有时可用bywhichtime,inwhichcase,forwhic