2016短文改错近三年改错特点及分类错误解题指南

,短文改错,高考英语短文改错，考察学生综合运用英语语言的能力，从历年短文改错来看，学生失分仍很多，下面谈谈短文改错解题技巧。,考点1：名词命题特点:1.注意可数名词单、复数形式的用法错误。2.注意不可数名词不能用复数形式。3.记住常考的几个不可数名词：advice,fun,progress,information,furniture,equipment,luggage/baggage等。改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.,名词当堂练,例1givemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.例2Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.,advice,例3.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetmarksinallmysubject.例4.NowwecangetmillionsofinformationsfromtheInternet.例7.WehavemadegreatprogresseswithMr.Liuteachingus.,subjects,information,friends,progress,1.只修饰可数名词：alarge/greatnumberof,agood/greatmany,dozens/scoresof,quiteafew2.只修饰不可数名词：agreatdealof,alargeamountof,quitealittle3.零冠词：1）三餐、季节和学科2）表职务、头衔的表语、同位语或补足语3）球类运动和棋类游戏4）by+交通工具,补充知识点,考点2：代词命题特点：1.男女性代词用反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性用错；4.缺少人称代词。改正方法:根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题.,例1.Roseissuchakindgirlthatwealllikehimverymuch.例2.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.例3.IhaveagoodfriendwhosnameisLiuMei.例4.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.例5.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.,her,their,whose,us,代词当堂练,myself,考点3：介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,serve,wait等。记住：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。,介词当堂练,例1Inthatparticularevening,therewasastrangeexcitementintheair.例2LastSundaywetookabustovisittoafarm.例3Fromthenon,wevekepttouchwitheachotherthroughe-mails.例4ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnnesfriend,Gina.,On,in,of,例5.Finallytheyfoundahoteltostay.例6.Welltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.例7.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.,about,at/in,for,考点4：时态命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。,例1.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIcanmakegreatprogress.例2.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.例3.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.例4.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.,do,passed,read,talk,考点5：and/but/or/so误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。改正方法：1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。,例1.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.例2.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.例3.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.例4.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.例5.Hurryup,andyouwillmissthefirstbus.,and,or,but,and,or,考点6：从属连词命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或连接词是否得当等。,例1.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.例2.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.例3.Thatshesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryoneintheroom.例4.Whatinterestedusmostwaswhathegavehislessonslivelyandinteresting.,when,why,that,What,考点7：冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。,例1.RosecomesfromanEuropeancountrybutshecanspeakChinese.例2.Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudysky.例3.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but-例4.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.例5.WiththehelpofMr.LiIhavemadeagreatprogress.,the,the,the,a,考点8：形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。,例1.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.例2.TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.例3.Thelifeofthepeopleinthevillagehasgreatimproved.例4.Tocatchthefirstbusshehurriedtothestationasrapidasshecan.例5.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.,quiet,personal,greatly,rapidly,easy,考点9：非谓语动词命题特点及改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。,例1.Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemspendonanythingastheyplease.例2.MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.例3.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.例4.Thequakedestroyedmanyhousesandbuildings,mademanypeoplehomeless.,to,talking,making,to,例5.Repairinglastmonth,nowthebathroomopens.例6.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.例7.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.例8.TherearealotofpeoplelearnedEnglishinChina.例9.Youshouldhaveabalancingdiettogrowahealthyman.,Repaired,visited,learning,balanced,考点10：关系代词命题特点改正方法：1）关系代词和人称代词的错用；2）关系代词和人称代词的叠用；3）关系代词遗漏。,例1.Hesreadingthesamebookthatshedidlastweek.例2.Doyouknowtheboyhisfatherisadoctor?例3.Tomboughtthenewbikewhichhefoundittwoweeksago.,as,whose,例4.Finallytheyarrivedatthecinema,thatwasstandingonthewater.例5.Suddenlyhefoundatemple,whichwasbuiltit100yearsago.例6.OnTeachersDaytheytalkedaboutsomethingsandpersonswhomtheyrememberedinthepast.,which,that,考点11：主谓一致命题特点改正方法：主谓一致性;第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。,例1.Shegotoschoolbybikeat630inthemorning.例2.Isthereanybooksonthewritingdesk?例3.WhatsurprisedusmostarethathehadpassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination.例4.Hereistheanswerstothequestions.例5.WhiteaswellasherparentscomefromtheUS.,goes,Are,was,are,comes,考点12：平行结构命题特点改正方法：词性或结构前后不一致，根据上下文句意做出判断,例1.Motherisakind,health,friendlywomaninourneighbor.例2.Howmuchtimedidyoutakerelaxaswellastostudyperday?例3.Bettylookspretty,kindly,patientandhealthy.例4.Shewenttothehospitalandpayavisittohersister.,healthy,to,kind,paid,1.Heusedtoplaythechessafterschool.2.Ilikelisteningmusic.3.Isawhimrunningonthemorning.,to,Wrongword,Mis