Fall-protection-Presentation-高处作业安全

0,FallPrevention/Protection高处坠落预防/保护,1,WELCOME欢迎Introduction介绍Time时间Breaks休息Phones/Pagers电话/对讲机Questions问题Quiz测试,2,Workingatheighthasalwaysbeenahazardousbusiness高空作业一直都是一项危险的事情,Gravityhadmuchthesamestrengthinthe1930sasithasnow1930年的重力和如今的重力一个样Then,asnow,limbswerejustaspronetobreakinafall,Vitalorganstotearandcrush.因此，如今发生高空坠落的话，一样会肢体折断、器官破裂Skullstocrack.头骨粉碎Brainstosplatter.脑浆四溢Butyouwouldntnecessarilyknowitfromthefollowingpictures:但是从如下图片中，你看不出这些问题来：,3,EmpireStateBuilding帝国大厦,Lifting,4,EmpireStateBuilding帝国大厦,Riveting,5,Slinging,EmpireStateBuilding帝国大厦,6,Electricalwork,EiffelTower艾菲尔铁塔,7,GoldenGateBridge金门大桥,Lifting,Whatdoweaccepttodaythatwewillnotaccepttomorrow?,RockefellerCenter,洛克菲勒中心1932,9,Statistics统计数据.,Onethirdofallconstructionfatalitiesarefallrelated.1/3的建筑施工死亡事故与坠落有关Theconstructionindustryaverages115,000fallrelateddisablinginjurieseachyear.68,000arefallsfromanelevationand54,000ofthoseinjuriescouldhavebeenpreventediffallprotectionmeasureswereused.建筑业平均每年发生115000起坠落致残事故，其中68000起是高处坠落事故，54000件通过采取预防措施可以避免。Ifyoudontusefallprotection,itwontwork!如果不采取坠落保护措施，将不允许开工,FatalFallsToday,byTypeofAccident高处坠落死亡事故的类型分布,10,Objectives目标,Aftercompletingthistrainingcourse,participantswillbeableto:完成本次课程培训后，参与人员将能够：Identifypotentialfallhazards识别潜在坠落危险Selectappropriateprotection选择适当的保护措施Demonstratespecificinspectionactivitiesforfallprotectionequipment进行坠落防护用品的专项检查。Demonstrateproperuseofpersonalfallarrestsystem正确使用个人坠落保护系统Describetheirrolesandresponsibilitiesregardingfallprevention描述坠落防护相关的角色和责任,11,FallPrevention/ProtectionPolicy坠落预防/保护政策,WhatarethetopthreethingstorememberinourProjectsfallprotectionpolicy:本项目要记住的3条最重要的坠落保护政策：100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的坠落预防或保护政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的坠落预防或保护政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的坠落预防或保护政策,12,DynamicsofaFall坠落动力学,Fallsfromelevationsusuallyoccurwithoutwarning.高处坠落通常没有预警就发生了Afteronesecond,youwillhavefallenover15ft.(4.6M)1秒后掉落的高度是4.6米Afallingobjectacceleratesat32ft(9.8M)persecond.坠物每秒速度增加9.8米/秒Thefurtheryoufall,thefasteryouaremovingwhenyouhittheground.坠落的时间越长，撞击地面的速度就越快,Ittakesanaverageperson3/4ofasecondtoreact!10ft(3M)havealreadypassed!人平均要3/4秒才能反应过来！（3米/10英尺）,(3M),(4.6M),(19.8M),(44.8M),(33.8kph),(67.6kph),(96.6kph),(0M),13,GeneralRequirements一般要求,Planningmustinclude:计划必须包括JobHazardAnalysisand工作危险分析SafetyTaskAnalysisRiskReductionTalk安全任务分析和降低风险谈话Breakthejobintologicalsteps将工作按逻辑分步Identifythehazardsand辨识危险Communicatewithall,theplantoeliminatethehazardsor与所有人员交流危险消除的计划Developsuitablesolutions制定合适的解决办法Includeemployeesinallpre-taskplanning将全部人员考虑到工作计划中,JobHazardAnalysisEliminatesHazards,14,ControllingFallHazards坠落危险控制,SupervisorsResponsibility主管职责Supervisorsmustcarefullyreviewandplaneachjob主管必须认真计划和审核每项工作Lookforfallexposures查找坠落危险Trytoengineeroutfallexposures努力用技术消除坠落暴露Consideralloptions/methodstoeliminateand/orreducefallexposures考虑所有消除或减少坠落暴露的选择和方法Sequenceofwork工作顺序Alternativeaccess可供选择的通道Alternativeprotection可供选择的保护措施ThesearecalledEngineeringControls这些被称为工程技术控制措施,15,SafeguardingAgainstFalls坠落防护措施,EngineeringControls:工程技术控制Providewalking/workingsurfaceinelevatedareas-Guardrailsystems:高处提供行走/工作面围栏系统-ScaffoldStationary/Mobile脚手架固定的、移动的-Ladders梯子-Temporaryworkplatforms临时工作平台-Manlifts吊篮,1st-MethodsofPrevention第一类保护方法,16,SafeguardingAgainstFalls坠落防护措施,2nd-MethodsofProtection第二类保护方法,Personalfallarrestsystem:人身防坠系统-Fullbodyharness全身式安全带-Lanyard系索-Anchorage,connectors系挂点,连接器-Decelerationdevices减速器-Lifelines生命线*Maybeincludedorsomecombination可以全部使用,也可以部分使用,17,SafeguardingAgainstFalls防坠落措施,basicstepstofollow:基本步骤Identifyexposure识别暴露危险Removehazard移除危险Protectworkerfromhazard保护工人免受伤害Selectappropriatefallprotectionsystem选择适当的坠落保护系统Followproperconstructionandinstallationmethods遵守正常的施工和安装方法Communicateclearlywithemployees与员工充分交流Haveacompleteunderstandingofrequirements,procedures,etc完全明白要求、程序等Usesafeworkpractices沿用安全工作实践,18,TotalSystemsApproach系统的全部方法,Employeescanberescuedfrom:下面作业的工人需要营救Overheadwork/steelerection高空作业/钢结构施工Confinedspaces密闭空间Excavations/trenches开挖/挖掘作业Planshouldinclude:计划应包括Activation活化作用Rescuepersonnel(SafetyTeam)营救人员（安全小组）Rescueequipment（营救设备）Responsetraining(SafetyTeam)应急培训（安全小组）,19,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Selectionshouldbecompatiblewithtypeofworkandparticularhazard.系挂点的选择要与工作和具体危险相适应Tie-offaboveyourshoulders挂点高于肩部Tie-offpointshallberatedat2268kg/5,000poundsperperson系挂点要能承受每个人2268KG/5000磅的冲击力DONOTTIE-OFFTO:不要系挂在-Cabletray电缆盘上-Conduit管道上-Weldedpipelessthan2”小于2英寸的电焊管上-Rebar螺纹钢筋-ANYTHINGTHATWILLNOTHOLD5000#任何不能承受5000磅的物体,20,21,Anchorage系挂点,AreYOUtiedofftosomethingthatwillsupportME?你是否系挂在可以挂我的地方。REMEMBER.ItMUSTsupport5000lbs(2268kg)!记住：必须能承受2268KG,22,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,2TYPES:HorizontalandVertical两种：水平的和垂直的,Mustbedesigned,installed,andusedundersupervisionofqualifiedperson必须在合格人员监督下设计、安装和使用Musthaveminimumbreakingstrengthof5,000lb./2268kg破断拉力不少于2268KGMustbeprotectedagainstbeingcut,abraded,orburnt必须防割伤、磨损或火烧InspectALLlinesbeforeeachuse每次使用前检查整条救生绳,23,Horizontallinesshallbe1/2in(12.7mm)cableminimum,securedwithatleastthreecableclamps直径不少于12.7mm，要用至少3个夹子固定MusthaveHorizontalLifelineTagInspectedSignature必须要有标牌经过检查签名,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,24,HORIZONTALLIFELINETAG水平救生绳标牌,ControllingFallHazards坠落防护措施,DateInstalled:安装日期:CompetentPerson:安装人:MAXIMUMOF2EMPLOYEESONLY最多2个人使用,FRONT正面,BACK背面,25,ControllingFallHazards危险控制措施,FRONT正面,BACK背面,26,Verticallinesrequireindividuallinesforeachemployee垂直救生绳要求1人使用1条绳,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,27,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Properinstallationanduse:正确安装和使用Securewithshackles,carabineers,andwireropeslings;mustbecapableofsupporting2268kg/5,000#Impactloading用卡环、钢丝绳等固定，必须能承受2268KG的冲击力Attachtaglineropetoextenddevicetoelevationsbelowpointofattachment在系挂点下系拉绳以延长设备长度Usedduringsteelerectionbeforeinstallationofotherfallprotectionsystems没安其他坠落保护措施时，钢丝绳要保持竖直使用Onlyoneworkercanbeattachedtoaretractable1条防坠器只能系1个人Secureddirectlytobackd-ring直接系挂在D环上,CorrectIncorrect,28,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Whileclimbingorworkingfromladders:爬梯子或在梯子上工作时：Wearanduseapprovedfallprotection穿戴和使用经过批准的坠落保护Temporaryconstructionladderswillextendatleast3ft(.9m)abovelandingandshallbesecuredhaveanotheremployeeholdtheladderatthebottomuntilitissecured临时施工用梯子顶部要高出作业面3英尺，并且有人在梯子底部扶住。UsebothhandsanddoNotcarrymaterial使用两只手爬梯子，不要手里拿材料,29,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在这些设施上作业时：Donottieofftoanyadjacentpoleorstructureoutsidethedeviceyouoccupy不要将安全带系挂在工作设施邻近的杆上或外面的结构上WearfallprotectionequipmentPlaceliftonsolidandlevelsurfaceRespectthedevicelimitations,Onlyauthorized,qualified,andtrainedpersonnelarepermittedtouseaerial/scissorlifts,30,AerialLift高空起升车,100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.100%将系挂点挂在厂家指定的地方Gatessecured.门要固定Inspectpriortoeveryuse.每次使用前进行检查,31,ScissorLift剪刀式起升车,100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.Gatessecured.Inspectpriortoeveryuse.points.100%将系挂点挂在厂家指定的地方门要固定.每次使用前进行检查,32,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在这些设备上作业时Wearapprovedfallprotection穿戴经过批准的坠落保护用品Securelanyardtothebasketsanchoragepointatalltimes任何时候都将安全带挂在吊篮Observetheloadlimit注意载重量Reviewrequirementsinsuspendedpersonnelplatformsifnecessary必要时，审核吊篮作业平台EnsurethatsuspendedpersonnelplatformchecklistiscompletedLiftPlan确保完成吊篮检查表起吊计划,33,ControllingFallHazards坠落控制措施,Whiletraveling/workinginelevatedskeletalsteel/openstructuresmorethan6ft/2maboveground,youmustwearandusepersonalfallprotectionequipment在高度离地面超过2米的钢结构上行走或作业，必须穿戴使用正确的个人坠落保护用品Determinethecombinationofequipmentthatisbestsuitedforthelocation确定最适合作业位置的设备组合方法Laddersandpersonnelhoistshouldbeusedwheneverpossible只要有可能，应使用梯子和吊人设备Lifelinesystemsshallbeinstalledforfallprotection应为坠落防护安装救生索系统,34,ControllingFallHazards坠落危险控制,Determinethestability,placement,andmethodofoff-loadingthematerial确定材料卸载的稳定性、放置及方法。Watchfootplacement,andinspecttrailerfloorsforholesandrotten/weakdecking观察底层的放置，检查拖车上的空洞及腐蚀/脆弱的甲板。Donotstandbetweenloadsbeinghoistedandthehoistingdevice,truckcab,bulkheadsetc.不要站在吊物/吊具与卡车驾驶舱，挡板之间。Useladderstoaccessandegressdeckbeds使用梯子做平台进、出通道,Anchorageratedat5000lbs(2268kg)2Xmaximumload,6ft/1.83m,3.5ft/1.07m,.,3ft/.91m,18.5ft.5.64m,6ft/1.83m,36,IMPACTLOADING:影响承载Equipmentsubjectedtoimpactloadingoranactualfallmustbeimmediatelyremovedfromserviceandnotusedagainunlessinspectedanddeterminedbyacompetentpersontobeundamagedandsuitableforreuse.承载受到限制的设备或导致坠落的设备必须立即移走并停止使用，直到被胜任人员检查并确定可以重新使用为止IMPORTANT重点:Somemanufacturerswillnotguaranteeharnessesorlanyardswillprovideadequateprotectionduringasecondfall.Manyofthesemanufacturersstateontheequipmenttodestroytheharnessandlanyardafterafallhasbeensustained.有些厂家不担保安全带或缓冲器在1秒的坠落内产生足够的保护。很多厂家申明设备在坠落持续一秒后破坏安全带或缓冲器。,ImpactLoadingofEquipment影响承载的设备,37,PROPERUSE正确使用,38,PROPERFIT松紧适合,39,InspectionandMaintenance检查和维护,Youareresponsibleforinspectingyourpersonalfallarrestsystembeforeyouuseit.Donotuseequipmentthathas:你有责任在使用前检查你的人身坠落保护设备，不要使用以下装备：,-Nonfunctioningparts失效的部件-Tonguesthatdontfittheshoulderofbuckles带子与带扣不适合的-Signofcontactwithfire,acid,orothercorrosives有接触过火、酸或其他腐蚀物迹象的-Alterationsoradditions更改或增加的,-Cuts,tears,orabrasions有切口、破口或磨损的-Unduestretching不正常拉长的-Mold铸型的-Signofdeterioration有变坏迹象的-Distortedhooksorfaultyhooksprings扭曲的吊钩或缺损吊钩弹簧的,PLEASEbeawarethatNOTusingyourfallProtectionEquipmentisgroundsforTermination要意识到不使用人身坠落保护设备坠地将导致死亡。,41,Birdsfalldownandfly,鸟儿掉下去是飞行，Menfalldownanddie!人掉下去是死亡！,42,WeCoveredALotofInformation,AnyQuestions?我们涵概了很多内容，还有疑问吗？,QUIZ测试,1.)TorFBechtelprovidesfallprotectionequipmentwhenhazardsexistandrequiresemployeestousetheequipment.Bechtel在危险的时候提供人身防坠落保护设备，并要求工人使用该设备。2.)TorFAfterreceivingtraining,youmustproperlyselect,inspect,maintain,andusepersonalfallprotectionequipment.接受本培训后，你必须正确的选择、检查、维护和使用人身防坠落保护设备。3.)TorFPeopleneverdiefromaccidentalfalls.人决不会在坠落事故中死亡,T,F,T,4.)TorFBechtelusesasystematicapproachtohandlingfallsidentifyinghazard,supervisorplanoutfallsandfocusonprevention,engineeringcontrolstoremovefallhazards,selectionoffallprotection,trainingofrequirements,inspectionandmaintenance.Bechtel应用系统方法处理坠落识别危险，监督人员策划坠落预防、工程控制及消除坠落风险，选择坠落防护设备，训练要求、检查及维护。5.)TorFSupervisorsplayakeyroleinplanningthefallpreventionmethodsforajobandmustcommunicatetheplantotheworkers.主管角色很重要，要策划坠落预防计划，必须将计划与工人沟通。6.)Thefirstoptiontoprotectagainstfallsshouldbe:防坠落的首选措施是：_FallProtection坠落保护_EngineeringControls技术控制措施,T,T,EngineeringControls,B,7.)TorFBechtelrequires100%fallprotectionwhileexposedtounprotectedfallsgreaterorequalto6ft(1.8m)?当暴露在无防护、高度等于或超过6英尺的地方时，Bechtel要求100%的防坠落保护措施。8.)TorFAguardrailsystemisamethodofprotectionfromfalls?围栏系统是防止坠落的一种方法。9.)TorFASTARRTCardisrequiredpriortoeachjob.开始每项工作前，都需要STARRT卡。,T,T,T,10.)Youshouldinspectallfallprotectiondeviceswhen?在什么时候你要检查人身防坠落保护设施。_Dailyorbeforeeachuse日常或每次使用前_Weekly每周11.)Ifyouare6ft(1.83M)tall,andhavea6ft(1.83M)lanyardhowhighupmustyoutieoftobesafe?如果你1.83米高，有1.83米长的系索，你必须要挂多高才能保证安全A.)