2018Gap-Filling-Techniques七选五真题及巩固练习

Gap Filling Techniques一、题型简析在一篇约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项(均为完整的句子) 中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和篇章结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 命题形式体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义） 二、解题方法：1.细节类题型解题技巧2.篇章结构类的解题技巧三、例题讲解（细节类题型解题技巧）一）词汇复现法：复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。双保险：上下文再核实一下1.Parents should help their children understand money. so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. （全国课标卷）D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.2._ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. A.Always love yourself. B.Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself.C.Dont allow doubts to occur in it . 3.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. （辽宁卷） D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. 二）代词线索法：英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。1.Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _1_ 辽宁卷A. Eat your greens.B. Eye care should begin early in life.C. They can properly protect your eyes.D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E. Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.2.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. _?_ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends.3.On the open day for parents, we felt very nervous. _?_They want to know how we are getting along with our study.A. Because we held a party.B. Because our parents came to our school .C. Because we had done a good job in English class. 三）连接词提示法：借助语句前后的连接词快速理清前后的逻辑关系（因果，转折，对比等）并列与递进关系：and, also, further, moreover, whats more, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, firstly, secondly, thirdly. 等;因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等；转折与让步关系：however, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, otherwise, while, rather than, even if, despite, fortunately等。1.You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.【2015全国新课标I】 E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.2.Most teens look forward to learning how to drive. 36 . Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help your teen become more comfortable behind the wheel. Below are some tips for helping your teen become a more confident driver. （2016广东适应性考试）E. An empty parking lo is a good place for a new driver to practiceF. This includes things such as heavy traffic, bad weather and freewaysG. However, some of them are nervous about actually getting out on the road四）问答式法：1.One may ask why there are so many people smoking?_ Most need help when it comes to quitting because the withdrawals are so difficult to deal with.A.Set a date on which you plan to quit smoking.B.The answer is that smoking is extremely addictive.C.Many other cancers are also related to somking.2.Such love, such beautiful love! Such love happened within this tiny creature.(生物). What can love do?_ Just think about itA.It can do wonders!B.He saw this, feeling pity and curious.C.The lizard(蜥蜴) had survived in such a situation for 10 years!五）解释说明关系法1._ In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.A.This means that money should not be wasted.B. Another proverb says “Love is blind.”C.Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old.2.Drive in a variety of conditions In order for your teen to become a good driver, he or she has to practice driving in a variety of conditions. 40 . （2016广东二模考试）E. An empty parking lo is a good place for a new driver to practiceF. This includes things such as heavy traffic, bad weather and freewaysG. However, some of them are nervous about actually getting out on the road真题体验请完成下面的练习。Part 1:_ 线索词关键词呼应_ （总结下面此类属于什么类型的判断）1. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _ C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 2.Self Expression_There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas - music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? E. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.3. Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. _ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.F. And dont forget about your friends.4.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. _ Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” What could we try next time? A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.5. On Camping trips, people dont just stay in their tents the whole day. _These include bird watching, hiking, mountain climbing, swimming, and playing games with kids.A. Camping trips are inexpensive compared to regular vacations. C. They can do lots of enjoyable and worthwhile activities.G. Activities should be colorful.Part 2:_ _逻辑_ （总结下面此类属于什么类型的判断）1)_ 因果关系_6. Parents should help their children understand money. _ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. (2011全国卷 )D. Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.2)_ 转折关系_7. Most businesses seek to make a profit- that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. _ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. (2013课标卷)C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 3)_ 举例子_8. There are three main types of cryptography. _ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” (2016新课标)B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.4)_ 并列递进关系_ _9. _ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. (2016 全国卷I)A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. 5)_ _例举_ _10._ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.A. You must write your notes on separate paper. B. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.11. Consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to become American President even though he suffered many setbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize the success of his becoming President. _. His life was not an easy one. His story is one that motivates us to keep moving forward whatever obstacles we have in life.A. History has a lot of influence on usB. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseveranceC. Few of us knew about the challenges he had to overcomeE. Only those with courage to face challenges can succeed12. Identity theft(身份盗用)is one of the fastest-growing crimes. Identity theft is a crime in which your personal information is stolen by someone and is used in an illegal way. When your identity is stolen, the thief often does fraud (诈骗) with that. He may get a credit card in your name and spend it carelessly without paying the bills. _ And you have to be responsible for the traffic accidents he causes.A. He may get a drivers license in your name.B. He may borrow money from the bank in your name.C. And change your passwords on a regular basis.Part 3:_ 结构_ （总结下面此类属于什么类型的判断）1)_ 平行结构_13.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. _They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.D. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.2) _位于段首的主题句_14._. Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.(2017 全国卷)A. If you are busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesC. Its important that you let them know when youll be available3) _位于段末的主题句_-15.Nowadays in China, parents care about their childrens education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools._.A. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.B. Skills and knowledge means competition.C. Skills and knowledge doesnt mean all.4) _承上启下的连接句子_16. One of the benefits of history is reading how other people both famous and totally unknown have overcome tremendous challenges in their life. These challenges, although particular to a person or to a certain time in the past, all convey the same thing._. Take for example the story of Thomas Edison. He encountered many failures on the road to finally inventing the light bulb. He could be held out as an example of a person who never gave up.A. History has a lot of influence on usB. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseveranceC. Few of us knew about the challenges he had to overcomeD. History has some unique qualities about itE. Only those with courage to face challenges can succeedGap Filling Techniques-七选五巩固练习 Consolidation 11. Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 1 One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 2 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority. 3 . A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.GEAConsolidation 22.（2017全国I卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. _1_. The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _2_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. _3_ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. _4_ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. _5_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. DCAFE3.(2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. CEFGB第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, 36 Talking to ou