状语从句精讲

状语从句,在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。,状语从句,状语从句,状语从句,时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句,时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的连词有：,when,while,as,themoment,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas等。,Iwilltellhimwhenhecomesback.,连接词when的用法小结when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。如Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseashore.2.可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(刚要这时突然)记忆Sb.wasdoingsomethingwasabouttodosth+whenwasonthepointofdoingsth.hadjustdonesthIwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethimIwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein.3.还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since;consideringthat。如：Whydoyouwalkwhenyouhaveacar?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？.,连接词when的用法,1when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。,Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseashore.,2when表示“就在这时”在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。beabouttodowhenbedoingwhenhaddonewhen,Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmomcamein.,连接词while的用法,1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在期间，往往指一段时间。如：,Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.,2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。,Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.,3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。,while含义：WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_)WhileIreallydontlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=_)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_),when,although,aslongas,but,连词when，while，as的用法,1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。,When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.,(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用when，不可用while),2表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。,Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.,3如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与as可互换使用。,When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.,4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。,Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.,连接词before,Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,Before从句中谓语不用否定式,Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.,句型Itwillbe/was一段时间before“还要过多久才”,句型Itwillbe/wasnot一段时间before“多久就”,Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.,Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.,连接词since,在itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。,ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.,我不吸烟有三年了。,我吸烟有三年了。,since,在itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere她离开我们班有三年了。他不住这儿有三年了。比较itisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了,Nosoonerthan-一就Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhewentawayagain.,Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.,nosoonerthan用于句首要求倒装,Hardlywhen,Scarcelywhen,till，until和notuntil的用法,1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。,Wewaiteduntilhecame.,2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”,Hewontgotobedtill/untilshereturns.,3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：,UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.,ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.,Itwasntuntilnearlyamonthlater_Ireceivedthemanagersreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that,2.Itwasnearlyamonth_Ireceivedthemanagersreply.,3.Itwasnearly9oclock_Ireceivedthemanagersreply.,4.Itwasnearlyat9oclock_Ireceivedthemanagersreply.,before,when,that,考点:易混淆句型itis+时间+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears_hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears_hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5oclock_hegothome.Itwasat5oclock_hegothome.,when,that,since,before,that,Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.,Once-一但就,引导状语从句的连接词有:,If,unless,aslongas,incase,providedthat,onconditionthat,条件状语从句,If-如果,Ifyoudonthurryup,youwillmisstheplane.,Ifitsnowstomorrow,theflightwillbecanceled.,Ifyouleaveat6oclocktomorrowmorning,youdbettergettobednow.,Unless-如果不,除非=ifnot,Wecantgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight,=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedontbooktheearliestflight.,Donttroubletroubleunlesstroubletroublesyou.,Hewillnotjoinusunlesshechangeshismind.,Aslongas-只要,Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.,Youcantplaygamesaslongasyouremembertherules.,Amanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething.,As(so)faras-据所知,AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.,As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.,Incase-假使,如果万一,Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.,Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.,Providedthat如果,有时省略that,Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.,Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation.,Onconditionthat-条件是,Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.,ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest.,注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。,Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.,Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday.,地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:,Where,wherever,Where-在地方,Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.,Wherethathighbuildingstands,thereusedtobesomelow,desertedhouses.,Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.,Wherever-无论哪里,Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.,Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.,在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】Youshouldputthebookatwhereitwas.【正】Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】Weshouldgotowhereweareneededmost.【正】Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。,原因状语从句,because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,for,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.,Because-因为,通常从句放在主句后.,MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldntfindhisluggage.,Hesaidthathecouldntworkbecausethecomputerwasoutoforder.,because和for的区别。for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】Forhedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.【正】Becausehedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.,As-因为,通常放在句首,Asitisquitewindytoday,hedecides,Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.,Since-既然因语气较弱,常译为既然,Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.,Sincethepurserdidnttelluswhattodo,wecanrelax.,Nowthat-既然,Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.,Nowthatallairlinesofferdiscountprices,weshoulddothesame.,consideringthat-顾及到,Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.,seeingthat-由于,Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.,结果状语从句,引导结果状语从句的连词有：,that,sothat,sothatsuchthat,Sothat-太以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用that,Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb.,Theflightscheduledsoearlythatnobodywantedtolookonit.,Sothat-因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去,CanyoumoveyourluggagealittlebitawaysothatIcanputmineintheoverheadbintoo.,Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.,Suchthat-太以至于用法与sothat相同，但such后面应用名词。,Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:,that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest,Letstakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.,(So)that-以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等,inorderthat-为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等,Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.,forfearthat-生怕;为了防止(某事发生),Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.,Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem.,incase-万一,Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.,Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.,Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.,Lest-以防万一,Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.,Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldntfinishthetaskontime.,比较状语从句,引导比较状语从句的连词有：,Asas,notso(as)as,.than,themorethemore.,Asas-像一样,Ifyoudontwanttomisstheflight,youneedtobeattheairportasearlyaspossible.,Mygrandmatoldmethathereyesightwasasgoodas10yearsbefore.,Cultivationtothemindisasnecessaryasfoodforthebody.,Notso(as)as-不像,ThejobisnotsodifficultasIthoughtitwouldbe.,Theflightwasnotso/asharmfulasthecaptainpredicted.,than-比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more后面用形容词或副词,Peoplebelievethatbeingastewardessisbetterthanmostoftheotherjobs.,IpersonallythinkthattheAmericanmoviesaremoreinterestingthanChineseones,Themore,themore-越越,Themorehelistenedtothatsong,thelessheenjoyedit.,Themorethingsamanisashamedof,themorerespectableheis.,必背：常见的比较句型。,Hisfatheristwicedoubleasoldashe(is).Hisfatheristwotimesolderthanhe.他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。Ournewschoolisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Ournewschoolisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。,8.让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的连词有：,Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether,Although,though-虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。,Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.,Althoughitwasnothisfault,hetookalltheblame.,Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidntsucceed.,Childthoughhewas,hedidquitewell.,As-尽管as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。,Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.,Hardassheworks,shemakeslittleprogress.,Evenif/eventhough-即使,Evenifyoudontlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.,Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers,youshouldntmissthechrysanthemumexhibition.,EventhoughImightbewrong,Iwillgomyway.,Eventhoughhisdeandidntmeanit,hestillfeltembarrassed.,However-不论，however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装,Hecouldntgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.,Thefathercouldntmakehisdaughtersmilehoweverhardhetried.,Nomatter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）,Theoldmanwouldntbelieveanythingnomatterwhatyousaid.,Pleasetellmetheresultnomatterwhenyougetit.,HewouldntforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.,Iwillfindyounomatterwhereyouhide.,Whatever-不管,Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewontchangehermind.,Whateveryoudo,itwontaffectourplan.,While-尽管,WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Icanthelpyou.,Whileitsnoneofmybusiness,Iwillwatchyou.,Whether-不管，常与ornot连用,Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.,Whetherhisproposalispracticalornot,thedepartmentplanstoadopt.,9.方式状语从句,方式状语从句常由:,as,asif,asthough,as-与一样,DoinRomeastheRomansdo.,Leavethingsastheyare.,asif,asthough-仿佛,由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气,Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)shewerewaitingforsomeone.,1._youdecidetotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.A.IfB.WheneverC.UnlessD.Whatever,2.Itisfoolishtotakeataxiyoucaneasilywalktothestation.A.beforeB.thatC.unlessD.when,3.Illacceptanyjob,_Idonthavetogetupearly.A.eventhoughB.thoughC.incaseD.aslongas,4._problemsyouhave,youcanalwayscometomeforhelp.A.WhatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Which,6.-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoney