大学英语写作教程1 第五单元

UnitFive,ExpandedSentenceBase(1),UnitObjectives,1.featuresofattributives2.typesofattributives1)pre-modifiers2)post-modifiers3.prcisforshortparagraphs,PartIIATTRIBUTE,Awordorphrasesyntacticallysubordinatetoanotherwordorphrasethatitmodifies;forexample,mysistersandbrownmysistersbrowndog.,ATTRIBUTIVES,Awordorwordgroup,suchasanadjective,thatisplacedadjacenttothenounitmodifieswithoutalinkingverb;forexamplepalethepalegirl.,2.Typesofattributives,1)pre-modifiers2)post-modifiers,1)Pre-modifiers,Thethreegood-lookingclevergirlstudentsMybrothersfirstnovel,2)Post-modifiers,ThestudentfromamountainvillageinRenhuacountycanspeakgoodEnglish.Allthetownpeople,oldandyoung,heardabouttheaccident.,PartIIICompleteandincompletesentences,Asentenceisagroupofwordscontainingasubjectandaverbandexpressingacompletethought.Peoplesometimeshavetwobasicsentenceerrors:fragmentandrun-onsentence.,SentenceFragments,SENTENCEInthedistanceabluehazesettledovertherooftops.SENTENCEFRAGMENTInthedistanceabluehazeovertherooftopsSENTENCEFRAGMENTInthedistanceabluehazesettlINGovertherooftops,NOTE,Asentencefragmentisagroupofwordswhichdoesnotexpressacompletethought.Sinceitispartofasentence,itmustnotbeallowedtostandbyitself.,EXERCISE,LivinginShaoguannearFengcaiTower.Hehaspaintedinmanystylesduringhislifetime.TheNautilus,mansfirstatom-poweredsubmarine,remindingmeofthenovelbyjulesVerne,TwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea.,THEPHRASEFRAGMENT,Aphraseshouldneverstandalone;itmustneverbeseparatedfromthesentenceinwhichitbelongs.PHRASEFRAGMENTUpstairswefoundthekitchen,thedininghall,andarecreationroom.Withawarpedbutusableping-pongtable.Upstairswefoundthekitchen,thedininghall,andarecreationroomwithawarpedbutusableping-pongtable.,PHRASEFRAGMENTEverygraduatingclasshasitsmemories.Shapedbyfouryearsofconstantchangeandgrowth.Everygraduatingclasshasitsmemoriesshapedbyfouryearsofconstantchangeandgrowth.,THEAPPOSITIVEFRAGMENT,Anappositiveisawordorgroupofwordswhichcloselyfollowsanounorpronounandidentifiesorexplainsit.Suchawordis“inappositionwith”theworditexplains.Anappositivecanneverstandaloneasasentence;itisalwaysapartofthesentencewhichcontainstheworditexplains.,APPOSITIVEFRAGMENT,AtnightfallthecaravanwoundintothefabledcityofKabaka.Aclusterofruins.AtnightfallthecaravanwoundintothefabledcityofKabaka,aclusterofruins.,THESUBORNATECLAUSEFRAGMENT,Aclauseisagroupofwordscontainingasubjectandapredicate.Asubordinateclause,however,doesnotexpressacompletethought,andthereforecannotstandalone.Itdependsuponamainclausetomakeitsmeaningcomplete.Separatedfromthemainclauseuponwhichitdepends,thesubordinateclausebecomesasentencefragment.,CLAUSEFRAGMENT,AuntHarriethasbegunherspringcleaning.Whichalwaysthrowsthehouseholdintoconfusion.AuntHarriethasbegunherspringCleaning,whichalwaysthrowsthehouseholdintoconfusion.,ItwasthefirsttimethatIeverfelttrulyinlove.UnlessyoucountagirlnamedNancy,backinthesecondgrade.ItwasthefirsttimethatIeverfelttrulyinlove,unlessyoucountagirlnamedNancy,backinthesecondgrade.,NOTE,Donotseparateaphrase,anappositive,orasubordinateclausefromthesentenceofwhichitisapart.,THERUN-ONSENTENCE,Whentwocompletesentencesareseparatedbyacommaorarenotseparatedatall,theresultiscalleda“run-onsentence.”Thefirstsentence“runson”intothesecond.,RUN-ONSENTENCEThemeetingseemedtolastforhours,nothingwasaccomplished.Wecaneliminatetheerrorbyseparatingthetwosentencescompletely,usingaperiodaspunctuaion.,Themeetingseemedtolastforhours.Nothingwasaccomplished.,Themeetingseemedtolastforhours;nothingwasaccomplished.Themeetingseemedtolastforhours,butnothingwasaccomplished.Themeetingseemedtolastforhoursbecausenothingwasaccomplished.Themeetingseemedtolastforhours;furthermore,nothingwasaccomplished.,PARTIVWRITINGPRCIS,AsummaryoraprecisisNOTapersonalinterpretationofaworkoranexpressionofyouropinionoftheidea;itis,rather,anexactreplicainminiatureofthework,oftenreducedtoone-quartertoone-fifthofitssize,inwhichyouexpressthecompleteargument!,DifferencebetweenPRCISandsummary,PRCISmeansashortpieceofwriting,especiallyonewrittenbyastudentasaformallanguageexercise,intendedtosummerizethemainpointsofalongerpieceofwritingSummarymeansawrittenorspokenstatementinwhichfactsorideasaresummarized,Howtowriteaprecis?,First,youmustunderstandthecompleteworksothatyoucanabstractthecentralargumentandexpressitcogentlyandcompletely.Next,youmustdeveloptheargumentexactlyasthewriterhaspresenteditANDreducetheworkby75%-80%ofitssize.Ofcourse,thisispossiblewhenyouconsiderexactlyhowyoulearntoreadthework.,Herearetherulesofthegame:,1.Readthearticlemanytimesmostcarefully.2.Writeaprecisofthearticleinwhichyoustatetheentireargumentandpresentthelogicalprogression(thedevelopment)oftheargument.,3.Reducethearticletoone-fifthtoone-quarterofitsoriginallengthandomitnothingfromtheessentialargument.Thisis,inreality,thekeytothewholeenterprise!4.Typetheprecisandbeginwithyourabstractionofthecentral,informingideaofthearticle.Havingunderstoodandwrittenthecentralidea,presenttheessentialargumentinascogentmanneraspossible.,PARTVFOLLOW-UPEXERCISES,P.72.Ex.2June19th,1978wasthedayonwhichGarfieldwasborn.MomskitchenwastheplacewhereGarfieldwasborn.PirateandMaskedAvengeraresomeofthenicknamesthathisfriendsgavehim.TakingalongnapisthesportthatGarfieldlikesmost.Garfieldhimselfisthepersonthathelikesmost.HungeristhepressurethatGarfieldhatesmost.,g.HisglassisthefriendthatGarfieldlikesbest.h.ItaliannoodlesarethefoodthatGarfieldlikesmost.MondayisthedaythatGarfieldhatesmost.j.Hotdogisthe“dog”thatGarfieldlikesmost.k.CoffeeisthedrinkthatGarfieldlikesmost.l.“TherehaveneverbeenItaliannoodlesthatIdontlike”isaquotationthatGarfieldusesmostoften.,p.72.Ex.3,p.72.Ex.4,theoldladysfivekittenshersecondmarriageallherblueFrenchcrystalwinecupsthosetwolargeshiningdiamondringsofyoursmythreejazzrecordsboughtintheSateshalfthedeliciousGermanchocolateinthecansomeBrazilianfootballersplayingabroad,p.73.Ex.5,Second,advertisementsca