高考英语阅读理解讲座(猜词、主旨大意)课件

阅读理解,猜词主旨大意,上下文,构词法,猜测词意,阅读理解之,猜测词意,信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedasApersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,1、定义或解释说明,2、对比关系信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ononehandontheotherhand,foronethingforanotherthing,insteadof等ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,3、因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,弹性的,4、举例法信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,5、重述信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtodentulous,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.,6、同义词、近义词信号词:or,like,asas,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,7、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.,Whatdoesitaskustodo?choosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_.,主旨大意,Howdowesumupsomethingfromapassage?,练中学,查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本,最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。,1.Choosethemostgeneralword.A)chemistB)physicistC)scientistD)biologist,2.Choosethemostgeneralsentence.A)Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a.m.daily.B)TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.C)Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.D)ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.,练中学,3.Readthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.A)EconomicPrinciplesB)LawofSupplyandDemandC)MoreGoods,LowerPricesD)FewerGoods,HigherPrices,练中学,要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。,Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworldsradioprogramsareinEnglish.,Findthetopicsentence,练中学,Letusconsiderhowvoicetrainingmaycontributetopersonalitydevelopmentandanimprovedsocialadjustment.Inthefirstplace,ithasbeenfairlywellestablishedthatindividualstendtobecomewhattheybelieveotherpeoplethinkthemtobe.Whenpeoplereactmorefavorablytowardusbecauseourvoicesconveytheimpressionthatwearefriendly,competent,andinteresting,thereisastrongtendencyforustodevelopthosequalitiesinourpersonality.Ifwearetreatedwithrespectbyothers,wesooncometohavemorerespectforourselves.Then,too,onesownconsciousnessofhavingapleasant,effectivevoiceofwhichhedoesnotneedtobeashamedcontributesmateriallytoafeelingofpoise（泰然自若）,self-confidence,andajustprideinhimself.Agoodvoice,likegoodclothescandomuchforanego（自我）thatotherwisemightbeinclinedtodroop（萎靡）.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis:A)OurEgoB)TheReflectionofOurPersonalityC)HowtoAcquireaPleasantVoiceD)VoiceTraininginPersonalityDevelopment,另外,要特别注意上例中提到的inthefirstplace,then,if等连接语,这些连接语能帮助我们把握文章内容的编排方式,领会文章的要点,准确全面地理解文章。,练中学,主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。,InAmericatheyhaveasayingmuchlaughedatbytheEnglish:”Haveaniceday”theyspeakslowlyandseriouslyintheirshop,hotelsandsandwichbars.Ithinkitisawonderfulphrase,remindingus,ineffect,toenjoythemoment:tovaluethisveryday.(2006广东，D),练中学,Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractyourattention:“ColorTV,only$79.Two-daysale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis“justrightforyou.”Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled“baitandswitch.”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandise（商品）andthereasonsforthesale.1.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?A)Thecustomermustbeonhisguardwhenpurchasingitemsonsale.B)Colortelevisionsetswhichsellfor$79aresoldoutquickly.C)Manystoresusethe“baitandswitch”techniquetoattractcustomers.D)Anyoneplanningtobuyatelevisionsetshouldlookforasale.,练中学,Foradultsacoldisnotthatserious.However,thisisnotthecaseforchildren.Coldsymptomsinchildrenmaybesignsofmoreseriousdiseasesandshouldbegivenpromptmedicalattention.,当主题句被安排在段中时,作者往往从具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题,然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力,即以“立”为主,对正面观点进行阐述。,有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间,练中学,Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsighlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,words,andideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally,spelling,however,cannot.Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awink（眨眼）canbeawayofflirting（调情）orindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesighsalsoguidewarn,andinstructpeople.Whileverbalization（用语言表达）isthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.,有些时候，无法找到确切的主题句，但是我们往往可以根据第一段（句）及最后一段（句）总结出来,练中学,练中学,Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied.SoperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(风景画)muchinfluences(影响)byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,AtseventyIcanfollowmyheartsdesire.(2006,全国I卷D篇)69.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife.B.Howtopaintwatercolors.C.Anartist-turnedteacherD.Lifeafterretirement.,(2007全国II,E)Whereacomposer(作曲家）begins,howhemanagestokeepgoing-infact,howandwherehelearnstrade-allarecoveredincompletedarkness.Thecomposer,inshort,isamanofmystery(神秘）Oneofthefirstthingsthecommonmanwantstoknowaboutisthepartinspiration(灵感)playsinacomposerswork.Hefindsitdifficulttobelievethatcom