第四模块被动语态.ppt

一般现在时：e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Imoftenaskedtodothiswork.我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXian.Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.,am/is/are+过去分词,was/were+过去分词,begoingto+be+过去分词,现在进行时：e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.过去进行时：e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintotheteachersoffice.,am/is/are+being+过去分词,was/werebeing+过去分词,将来完成时：e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswillhavebeenlearned.Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.现在完成时：e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.,willhavebeen+过去分词,has/have+been+过去分词,hadbeen+过去分词,被动语态用法：一It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句。常用于这一结构的动词有：say,report,expect,prove,suppose等，该结构通常可转化为“be+过去分词+不定式”。eg.ItisreportedthattheyaresailinginthePacific.-TheyarereportedtobesailinginthePacific.ItissaidthatMr.Bellinventedthefirsttelephone.-Mr.Bellissaidtohaveinventedthefirsttelephone.当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。eg.Theoldbridgeissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheearly1930s.,二情态动词的被动语态情态动词被动语态的结构为：一般式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+be+过去分词.完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+have+been+过去分词。例如：1）Youneedntmentionhisplaninyourspeech.-Hisplanneedntbementionedinyourspeech.2）Youmighthavecompletedyourtaskaheadoftime.-Yourtaskmighthavebeencompletedaheadoftime.,三被动语态的特殊情况：1.含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.-Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.2.宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只讲宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是其变为主语补足语了。例如;Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.-Theboywascaughtsmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.3.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例如：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.-Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.,四主动语态表示被动意义的词1.感官动词和系动词如：look,smell,feel,prove,wear,sound,taste.Theclothfeelsverysoft,Ilikeitverymuch2某些行为动词也可表示被动意义。常见的有：wash,write,sell,read,open,shut,keep.Thatkindofdresswasheswell.Thistypeofcomputersellswellamongteenagers.Thenovelreadswell.3want,need,require,take,worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义Sheboughtmeabook,whichisworthreading.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.4.某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Shetoldmethatthefishwasnotfittoeat.Heistheonewhoishardtoplease.,5.表开始，结束，运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,stop,end,run,move等eg.Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.meveryday.,1Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.（2004全国03）A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted3.Howlong_atthisjob?Since1990.(NMET2003北京春季,27)A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed4.Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?_.(NMET2003北京春季,34)A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem,D,D,B,A,5.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedBiskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling6.Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季,30)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut7.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange8.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.(NMET2001北京春季,12)A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose9.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt,C,C,A,B,D,10.Ourteacher_carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened11.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served12.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had13.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump,A,B,B,D,14.Greatchanges_inChinasincethePeoplesRepublicofChina_in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded15.WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?Shehas_byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat,A,D,16.Ipromisethatmatterwill_.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof17.Nopermissionhas_foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven18.I_tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven19.Cansuchathing_happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom,B,A,B,C,20.It_whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasntbeendecidedB.isntdecidingC.doesntdecideD.hasntdecided21.Thepen_me.Itishers.A.isntbelongtoB.wasntbelongtoC.doesntbel