Unit 5 A Few Kind Words for Superstitionppt课件

cover,AFewKindWordsforSuperstition,Unit5,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第六册(第2版)电子教案,上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海,Contentspage,Contents,LearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement,objectives,LearningObjectives,Rhetoricalskill:clarificationwithanecdotesandexamplesKeylanguageitimpliesnavetorignorance.ButIliveinthemiddleofalargeuniversity,andIseesuperstitioninitsfourmanifestations,aliveandflourishingamongpeoplewhoareindisputablyrationalandlearned.,DetailedReading,DR-p3-text,3.Youdidnotknowthatsuperstitiontakesfourforms?Theologiansassureusthatitdoes.FirstiswhattheycallVainObservances,suchasnotwalkingunderaladder,andthatkindofthing.YetIsawadeeplylearnedprofessorofanthropology,whohadspilledsomesalt,throwingapinchofitoverhisleftshoulder;whenIaskedhimwhy,hereplied,withawink,thatitwas“tohittheDevilintheeye.”IdidnotquestionhimfurtherabouthisbeliefintheDevil,butInoticedthathedidnotsmileuntilIaskedhimwhathewasdoing.,DetailedReading,DR-p4-text,4.ThesecondformisDivination,orconsultingoracles.AnotherlearnedprofessorIknow,whowouldscorntosettleaproblembytossingacoin(whichisahumbleappealtoFatetodeclareitself),toldmequiteseriouslythathehasresolvedamatterrelatedtouniversityaffairsbyconsultingtheIChing.Andwhynot?TherearethousandsofpeopleonthiscontinentwhoappealtotheIChing,andtheirgenerallevelofeducationseemstoabsolvethemofsuperstition.Almost,butnotquite.TheIChing,totheembarrassmentofrationalists,oftengivesexcellentadvice.,DetailedReading,DR-p5-text,5.ThethirdformisIdolatry,anduniversitiescanshowplentyofthat.Ifyouhaveeversupervisedalargeexaminationroom,youknowhowmanyjujus,luckycoins,andotherbringersofluckareplacedonthedesksofthecandidates.Modestidolatry,butwhatelsecanyoucallit?,DetailedReading,DR-p6-text,6.ThefourthformisImproperWorshipoftheTrueGod.Awhileago,Ilearnedthateveryday,forseveraldays,a$2bill(inCanadawehave$2bills,regardedbysomepeopleasunlucky)hadbeentuckedunderacandlestickonthealtarofacollegechapel.Investigationrevealedthatanengineeringstudent,worriedaboutagirl,thoughtthatbriberyoftheDeitymighthelp.WhenItalkedwithhim,hedidnotthinkhewaspricingGodcheapbecausehecouldaffordnomore.Areasonableargument,butperhapsGodwasproudthatweek,forthescientificoraclewentagainsthim.,DetailedReading,DR-p7-text,7.Superstitionseemstorun,asubmergedriverofcrudereligion,belowthesurfaceofhumanconsciousness.Ithasdonesoforaslongaswehaveanychronicleofhumanbehavior,andalthoughIcannotproveit,Idoubtifitismoreprevalenttodaythanithasalwaysbeen.Superstition,thetheologianstellus,comesfromtheLatinsupersisto,meaningtostandinterroroftheDeity.Mostpeoplekeeptheirterrorwithinbounds,buttheycannotrootitout,nordotheyseemtowanttodoso.,DetailedReading,DR-p8-text,8.Themoretheteachingofformalreligiondeclines,ortakesasociologicalform,thelessGodappearstogreatnumbersofpeopleasaGodofLove,resuminghisolderformofawatchful,minatorypower,tobeplacatedandcajoled.Superstitionmakesitsappearance,apparentlyunbidden,veryearlyinlife,whenchildrenfearthatsteppingoncracksinthesidewalkwillbringillfortune.Itmaypersistevenamongthegreatlylearnedanddevout,asinthecaseofDr.SamuelJohnson,whofeltitnecessarytotouchpoststhathepassedinthestreet.Thepsychoanalystshavetheirexplanation,butcallingasuperstitionacompulsionneurosisdoesnotbanishit.,DetailedReading,DR-p9-text,9.Manysuperstitionsaresowidespreadandsooldthattheymusthaverisenfromadepthofthehumanmindthatisindifferenttoraceorcreed.OrthodoxJewsplaceacharmontheirdoorposts;sodo(ordid)theChinese.SomepeoplesofMiddleEuropebelievethatwhenamansneezes,hissoul,forthatmoment,isabsentfromhisbody,andtheyhastentoblesshim,lestthesoulbeseizedbytheDevil.HowdidtheMelanesianscomebythesameidea?Superstitionseemstohavealinkwithsomebodyofbeliefthatfarantedatesthereligionsweknowreligionswhichhavenoplaceforsuchcomfortinglittleceremoniesandcharities.,DetailedReading,DR-p10-text,10.PeoplewholikedisagreeablehistoricalceremoniesrecallthatwhenRomewasindecline,superstitionproliferatedwildly,andthatsomethingofthesamesortishappeninginourWesternworldtoday.Theypointtothepopularityofastrology,anditistruethatsobernewspapersthatwouldscorntodealinlovephilterscarryastrologycolumnsandthefashionmagazinescountthemamongtheirmostpopularfeatures.Butwhenhasastrologynotbeenpopular?Nousesayingsciencediscreditsit.Whenhastheheartofmangivenadamnforscience?,DetailedReading,DR-p11-text,11.Superstitioningeneralislinkedtomansyearningtoknowhisfate,andtohavesomehandindecidingit.Whenmymotherwasachild,sheinnocentlyjoinedherRomanCatholic11friendsinkillingspidersonJuly11,untilshelearnedthatthiswasdonetoensureheavyrainthedayfollowing,theanniversaryoftheBattleoftheBoyne,whentheOrangemenwouldholdtheirparade.IknewanItalian,agoodscientist,whowatchedeverymorningbeforeleavinghishouse,sothatthefirstpersonhemetwouldnotbeapriestoranun,asthiswouldcertainlybringbadluck.,DetailedReading,DR-p12-text,12.Iamnotonetostandalooffromtherestofhumanityinthismatter,forwhenIwasauniversitystudent,agypsy14womanwithachildinherarmsusedtoappeareveryyearatexaminationtime,andaskashillingofanyonewhotouchedtheLuckyBaby;thatswarthyinfantcostmefourshillingsaltogether,andIneverfailedanexamination.Ofcourse,IdiditmerelyforthejokeorsoIthoughtthen.Now,Iamhumbler.,DetailedReading,DR:p1-2Analysis,Paragraphs1-2AnalysisThetwoparagraphsmakeuptheintroductorypartwhichtellsofpeoplesdifferentreactionstosuperstitionandtherampantsuperstitionamonglearnedpeople.,DetailedReading,DR:p3-6Analysis,Paragraphs3-6AnalysisFromParagraph3toParagraph6theauthordescribesandexplainsonebyonethefourmanifestationsofsuperstition.Whatisworthournoticeisthatalltheexamplesusedintheseparagraphsareaboutlearnedpeople,eitherprofessorsorcollegestudents,thusprovingthatsuperstitionisnotapreserveoftheignorantandnav.,DetailedReading,DR:p7Analysis,Paragraph7AnalysisAfterhedescribesthefourformsofsuperstition,theauthorgoesontoexploreitshistoryanditsrelevancetohumanpsychology.,DetailedReading,DR:p8Analysis,Paragraph8AnalysisThisparagraphtellsusthatsuperstitionhasaspellthatsomewhatdiffersfromreligionandcannotbedispelledbyscience.,DetailedReading,DR:p9-10Analysis,Paragraphs9-10AnalysisInthesetwoparagraphs,theauthorpointsoutoneofthecharacteristicsofsuperstitionitspersistentpopularity,regardlessoftime,race,creedandevenmodernscience.,DetailedReading,DR:p11Analysis,Paragraph11AnalysisInthisparagraph,theauthorprovideshisownexplanationofwhysuperstitionhasbeensopopularithastodowith“mansyearningtoknowhisfate,andtohavesomehandindecidingit.”,DetailedReading,DR:p12Analysis,Paragraph12AnalysisInthisconcludingparagraph,theauthoradmitsthatasahumanbeinghecouldnotbeleftuntouchedwhensuperstitionprevails,hence“Now,Iamhumbler.”,DetailedReading,DR-Question-p1-2,Paragraphs1-2:QuestionWhatisthecommonassumptionaboutpeoplewhobelieveinsuperstition?Howdoestheauthordiscreditthisassumption?,DetailedReading,Itiscommonlyassumedthatpeoplewhobelieveinsuperstitionareusuallyignorantandnav.Buttheauthornoticestheflourishingsuperstitionamongmanylearnedpeopleinhisuniversity.,DR-Question-p3,Paragraph3:QuestionWhatdoestheauthorimplywhenhesays“.hedidnotsmileuntilIaskedhimwhathewasdoing”?,DetailedReading,Theimplicationisthatthelearnedprofessortrulybelievedinwhathewasdoingandperformedthewholethingseriously.,DR-Question-p4,Paragraph4:QuestionHowshouldtheexpression“Almost,butnotquite”beinterpretedinitscontext?,DetailedReading,Thisexpression,whichisanellipticalsentence,isaresponsetotheprecedingstatement“.theirgenerallevelofeducationseemstoabsolvethemofsuperstition.”Theauthorsuggeststhattheeducationtheyhavereceivedmaynotbeabletohelpthemtocompletelygetridofsuperstition.,DR-Question-p5,Paragraph5:QuestionWhydidtheexaminationcandidateshavethethirdformofsuperstition?,DetailedReading,Becausetheybelievedthatsomeparticularobjectswouldbringthemgoodluckinexaminations.,DR-Question-p6,Paragraph6:QuestionWhydidtheengineeringstudenttucka$2billunderacandlestickinthechapel?,DetailedReading,BecausehebelievedthatGodwasbribableandhopedthatthemoneywouldgainsomehelpfromHim.,DR-Question-p7,Paragraph7:QuestionWhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheLatinword“supersisto”inrelationtohumanpsychology?,DetailedReading,TheLatinword“supersisto”means“standinginterroroftheDeity.”Theauthorbelievesthatsuperstitionfindsitswaytothehumanheart,becausepeoplecannotrootoutterroralthoughtheycanmanagetokeepitwithinbounds.,DR-Question-p8-1,Paragraph8:Questions1.Whydoestheauthormentionthepsychoanalysts?,DetailedReading,Theauthorsuggeststhatscientistsmightbeabletoprovidereasonableexplanationsforsuperstition,buttheycannotrootitout.,DR-Question-p8-2,Paragraph8:Questions2.WhichofthefourformsofsuperstitiondoesthecaseofDr.SamuelJohnsonbelongto?,DetailedReading,ThecaseofDr.SamuelJohnsonfallsintothefirstcategoryVainObservances.,DR-Question-p9,Paragraph9:QuestionHowdoestheauthorprovethatpeopleofallracesaresuperstitious?,DetailedReading,BysupplyingexamplesoftheOrthodoxJews,theChinese,peopleinMiddleEuropeandtheMelanesians,theauthorprovesthatsuperstitions“haverisenfromadepthofthehumanmind”andthereforehavethesameappealtoallhumanbeings.,DR-Question-p10,Paragraph10:QuestionWhydoestheauthormentionastrology?,DetailedReading,Theauthorusesthisexampletoshowthatsuperstitionisindifferenttotimeandscience,becauseithasbeenpopularallthetime,whetherinancientRomeorincontemporarysociety,whetherinsobernewspapersorfashionmagazines.,DR-Question-p11,Paragraph11:QuestionWhy,inthefinalanalysis,arepeoplesofascinatedwithsuperstition?,DetailedReading,Accordingtotheauthor,itisduetopeoplesyearningtoknowtheirfateandtohavesomepowertocontrolit.,DR-Question-p12,Paragraph12:QuestionWhatdoestheauthormeanby“Now,Iamhumbler”afterherelateshispersonalexperience?,DetailedReading,Theauthormeansthatwhenhewasauniversitystudenthewasnotsuperstitious.Infacthethoughtwhathedidwiththegypsywomanwassimplyajoke.Butnow,afterhisdescriptionandanalysisofthevariousformsofsuperstitionwithallkindsofpeoplethroughouthistory,hefindsthatthereissomerationalityinit.,LPT-Ingravediscussionsof,“Ingravediscussionsof“therenaissanceoftheirrational”inourtime,superstitiondoesnotfigurelargelyasaseriouschallengetoreasonorscience.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Inseriousdiscussionsof“therenaissanceoftheirrational”inourtime,peopledontthinkthatsuperstitionisagreatthreattoreasonorscience.,LPT-figure,figurevi.tobelievethatsomethingistrue,althoughyoudonotknowforcertain;usedforsayingthatsomethingseemsreasonable,DetailedReading,e.g.,Theirnamesdidnotfigureaspotentialhelpers.Ineverfiguredthatthiswouldhappen.Itfigures.,LPT-UFOs,UFOsUFOisanabbreviationfor“unidentifiedflyingobject.”ItisanobjectseenflyingintheskyorlandingontheEarththatcannotbeidentified,andisoftenbelievedtobeavehiclefromanotherplanet.,DetailedReading,LPT-instantenlightenment,instantenlightenmentenablingpeopletogetgreatunderstandingorknowledgeinamagicalandincrediblyfastway,DetailedReading,LPT-anunacknowledgedholdonsomanyofus,“anunacknowledgedholdonsomanyofus”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,unrecognizedinfluenceoversomanyofus,LPT-Iseesuperstitioninitsfourmanifestations,“.Iseesuperstitioninitsfourmanifestations,aliveandflourishingamongpeoplewhoareindisputablyrationalandlearned.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,.Iseefourwaysinwhichsuperstitionshowsitself,veryactively,amongthosepeoplewhoareundoubtedlyreasonableandwell-educated.,LPT-flourish,flourishvi.tobeverysuccessful;togrowwellandbehealthy,DetailedReading,e.g.,Fouryearsago,thecountrystouristindustrywasflourishing.WatercolorpaintingbegantoflourishinBritainaround1750.Nothingseemstoflourishinmygardenperhapsthesoilstoopoor.,LPT-whenIaskedhimwhyhereplied,.whenIaskedhimwhy,hereplied,withawink,thatitwas“tohittheDevilintheeye.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,.whenIaskedhimwhyhethrewsaltoverhisshoulder,heanswered,jokingly,thatitwas“tohittheDevilintheeye.”,LPT-wink,winkvi.toquicklycloseandopenoneeyeasasigntosomeone,forexampleasignthatwhatyouhavejustsaidisajokeorasecret,DetailedReading,e.g.,Hegavemeaconspiratorialwinkastheylefttheroom.Ididntgetawinkofsleeplastnightwiththatpartygoingonnextdoor.,LPT-amodestappealtoFatetodeclareitself,ahumbleappealtoFatetodeclareitselfamodestrequestforFatetorevealitself,DetailedReading,LPT-therearethousandsofpeopleonthis,“TherearethousandsofpeopleonthiscontinentwhoappealtotheIChing,andtheirgenerallevelofeducationseemstoabsolvethemofsuperstition.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,TherearethousandsofpeopleonthiscontinentwhoarefascinatedbytheIChing,andtheirlevelofeducationseemshighenoughtofreethemfromsuperstition.,LPT-appeal,appealvi.ifsomethingappealstoyou,youlikeitorwantit,DetailedReading,e.g.,Iveneverbeenskiingitdoesntreallyappealtome.Ithinkwhatappealstomeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.,LPT-absolved,absolvevt.tostateofficiallythatsomeoneisfreeofanyblameorresponsibilityinaparticularmatter,DetailedReading,e.g.,Thepriestabsolvedhimofallhissins.Thereportabsolvedherfrom/ofallblamefortheaccident.,LPT-modestidolatry,modestidolatryIdolatryisthepracticeofworshippingidols.Itsometimesmeanstoomuchadmirationforsomeoneorsomething.Hereitreferstothestudentsunreasonablebeliefinthe“bringersofluck.”“Modestidolatry”concedesthatthegoodluckcharmsmentionedareonlyamoderateformofidolatrybeforegoingontoinsistthattheyremainidolatrynonetheless.,DetailedReading,LPT-hedidnotthinkhewas,“.hedidnotthinkhewaspricingGodcheap.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,.hedidntfeelthatofferingGodtwodollarsforhelpwastoolittle.,LPT-investigationrevealedthatanengineering,“Investigationrevealedthatanengineeringstudent,worriedaboutagirl,thoughtthatbriberyoftheDeitymighthelp.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Investigationdisclosedthatastudentmajoringinengineering,worriedaboutagirl,thoughtGodmighthelphimifhecouldofferHimmoney.,LPT-bribe,bribevt.togivemoneyorpresentstosomeonesothattheywillhelpyoubydoingsomethingdishonestorillegal,DetailedReading,e.g.,Theorganizationwasrifewithbriberyandcorruption.Hewasaccusedofaccepting/takingbribesfromwealthybusinessmen.Itriedtobribemybrotherintodisappearingfortheafternoonbyofferinghimtheuseofmycar,LPT-asubmergedriverofcrudereligion,asubmergedriverofcrudereligionBythismetaphortheauthorsuggeststhatsuperstitionisaninvisibleforce(asubmergedriver)thatisinsomewaylikereligion.,DetailedReading,LPT-mostpeoplekeeptheirterror,“Mostpeoplekeeptheirterrorwithinbounds,buttheycannotrootitout,nordotheyseemtowanttodoso.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Mostpeoplecancontroltheirterror,buttheycannotgetridofit,andtheydontseemtowanttodoso.,LPT-bound,boundn.(pl.bounds)limitsthataffectandcontrolwhatcanhappenorwhatpeopleareabletodo,DetailedReading,e.g.,Thecommitteefeltthatnewspapercoverageofthemurderwentbeyondreasonablebounds.Whatyoudidwasoutsidetheboundsofacceptablebehavior.Hisdesireforpoliticalpowerapparentlyknowsnobounds.,LPT-rootout,rootouttofindsomethingbadorillegalandgetridofit,DetailedReading,e.g.,Hisfriendswentupstairstoroothimoutofhisbedroom.Mr.Smithhasbeenappointedtorootoutcheatingintheexaminations.,LPT-themoretheless,“Themore.,theless.”,DetailedReading,Explanation,Thesentenceimpliesthatreligionisnotaspowerfulasitusedtobe.Bycontrast,thesubsequentsentenceindicatesthatsuperstitionprevailsandpersistsamongallkindsofpeople,rangingfromignorantyoungchildrentolearnedscholars.,LPT-itmaypersistevenamongthegreatlylearned,“Itmaypersistevenamongthegreatlylearnedanddevout.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Evenmanygreatlylearnedanddevoutpeoplemayalsobesuperstitious.,LPT-persist,persistvi.tocontinuetodoorsaysomethinginadeterminedway,DetailedReading,e.g.,Ifhepersistsinaskingawkwardquestions,thensendhimtotheboss.Ifsherefusestoansweryourphonecalls,justpersistuntilshedoesanswer.TheWeatherCenterpredictedthatthecoldweatherwouldpersistthroughouttheweek.,LPT-Manysuperstitionaresowidespread,“Manysuperstitionsaresowidespreadandsooldthattheymusthaverisenfromadepthofthehumanmindthatisindifferenttoraceorcreed.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Manysuperstitionsaresocommonandsooldthattheymusthavebeendeeplyrootedinthehumanmind.Theyhavenothingtodowithraceorreligiousbelief.,LPT-indifferent,indifferentadj.lackinginterestinsomething,orlackingsympathywithsomeone,DetailedReading,e.g.,Hefounditveryhardteachingaclassfullofindifferentteenagers.Whydontyouvotehowcanyoubesoindifferenttowhatisgoingon?,LPT-thatfarantedatesthereligions,.thatfarantedatesthereligions.,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,.thathasamuchlongerhistorythanthereligions.,LPT-thefashionmagazinescountthem,“.thefashionmagazinescountthemamongtheirmostpopularfeatures.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,.astrologycolumnsareconsideredoneofthehighlightsofthefashionmagazines.,LPT-count,countvi.tobeimportant,ortohaveinfluence,DetailedReading,e.g.,TheGrandCanyonisgenerallycountedasoneofthemostspectacularsightsintheUSA.IvealwayscountedLucyamongmyclosestfriends.GonewiththeWindhasalwaysbeencountedamongmyfavoritemovies.,LPT-Whenhastheheartofmangivenadamnfor,“Whenhastheheartofmangivenadamnforscience?”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Theheartofmanhasnevercaredaboutscienceatall.,Notethatthisisarhetoricalquestion.,LPT-Superstitioningeneralislinkedto,“Superstitioningeneralislinkedtomansyearningtoknowhisfate,andtohavesomehandindecidingit.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Generallyspeaking,superstitionisconnectedtomansdesiretoknowhisfate,andtofindsomewaytocontrolit.,LPT-yearn,yearnvi.towantsomethingalot,especiallysomethingthatyouknowyoumaynotbeabletohave,DetailedReading,e.g.,Despitehisgreatcommercialsuccesshestillyearnsforcriticalapproval.SometimesIjustyearntobealone.IsupposeitsbecauseIliveinacrowdedcitythatIhavethisyearningforopenspaces.,LPT-hand,handn.control,DetailedReading,e.g.,Susanhasafirmhandoneverythingthatgoesonintheoffice.Thingsgotalittleoutofhandatthepartyandthreewindowswerebroken.Howcometheresaproblem?Ithoughtyouhadeverythinginhand.,LPT-Iamnotonetostandalooffromtherest,“Iamnotonetostandalooffromtherestofhumanityinthismatter.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Asfarassuperstitionisconcerned,Iamnotmuchdifferentfromothers.,LPT-aloof,aloofadj.someonewhoisaloof,orwhoremainsorstaysalooffromsomething,isnotfriendlyordoesnotwanttobeinvolvedinsomething,DetailedReading,e.g.,Sheseemedratheraloofwheninfacts