英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件.ppt

2020/6/13,1,高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件,2020/6/13,2,英语基本句型-1主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等，系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand；3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,2020/6/13,3,OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.,Thecaketastesdelicious.,Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.,Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.,Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.,Deepwaterstaysstill.,2020/6/13,4,巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.,Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.,Childrenseldomkeepquiet.,Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.,2020/6/13,5,5他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了。7这个报告听起来很有意思。,Heisoutofwork.,Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.,Thereportsoundsinteresting.,2020/6/13,6,英语基本句型-2主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.,2020/6/13,7,巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。,1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.,Themeetingwilllasttwohours.,Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,2020/6/13,8,41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。6这个重五公斤。,TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.,Classesbeginateighteveryday.,Theboxweighsfivekilos.,2020/6/13,9,7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.,Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.,Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.,Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.,2020/6/13,10,Translatethefollowingsentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.TheschoolwhereIstudyliesbythebeautifullake.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.14他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.15.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.Thesleepingbabysmiles.,2020/6/13,11,16.Barkingdogsseldombite.爱叫的狗不咬人.Awillinghelperdoesntwaituntilheisasked.乐于助人者总是主动助人.18.虽然在下大雨,但火车还是准时到达.Thetrainarrivedontimethoughitrainedhard.19.他通过乞讨为生.Helivesbybegging.20.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.Someanimalsherehavediedout.21.可怜的TOM穿得破破烂烂.ThepoorTomdressedpoorly.,2020/6/13,12,22.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.Thesickmanmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthaveadietwithoutsugar.23.我的腿还在疼.Mylegstillhurts.24.火已经熄灭了.Thefirehasgoneout.25.最后他们赢了.Theywonintheend.26.1937年爆发了抗日战争.TheAnti-Japanesebrokeoutin1937.27.她不再哭了.Shedidntcryanymore.,2020/6/13,13,28.他一直走到山边。Hewalkedasfarasthehillside.这支笔很好写。Thepenwritessmoothly.30.这些苹果很好卖。Theseapplessellwell.31.水果不易保鲜。Fruitscantkeepwell.32.这种布很易洗。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.33.她高兴地跳起来了。Hejumpedwithjoy.,2020/6/13,14,34.你做得很好。Youaredoingwell/fine.35.表坏了。Theclockdoesntworknow.36.用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些。Ahousebuiltofstoneslastslongerthanthatbuiltofwood.37.李教授,很多学生想见你.是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等?ProfessorLi,manystudentswanttoseeyou.Shalltheywaithereoroutside?38.她疼得哭了起来。Shecriedwithpain.,2020/6/13,15,39.校长笑着进来了。Theheadmastercameinwithalaugh/smile.40.这间房子的窗户朝南。Thewindowofthishousefacessouth.41.你是谁没关系.但你会干什么有关系。Itdoesntmatterwhoyouare,butitmatterswhatyoucando.42.我在这里一直等到10点钟。Iwaitedhereuntil10oclock.43.他急急忙忙地走了。Heleftinahurry.44.两天后,天放晴了。Twodayslater,itclearedupintheend.,2020/6/13,16,45.汽车的价格会下降的.Thepriceofthecarwillgodown/fall.46.这本杂志什么时候会出版?Whenwillthemagazinecomeout?47.这个工程什么时候开工?Whenwilltheprojectstart?48.他为什么哭了?Whydidhecry?49.这个事情怎么发生的?Howdidithappen?50.除了你,还有三个人赢了。Besidesyou,threeotherpeoplealsowon.,2020/6/13,17,英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idontknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaventdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.,2020/6/13,18,巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。,Iwrotealetterlastnight.,Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.,Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.,2020/6/13,19,4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim还不会自己穿衣服。,Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.,Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.,IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.,Jimcannotdresshimself.,2020/6/13,20,8我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？,AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.,Hedidnotknowwhattosay.,Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?,2020/6/13,21,英语基本句型4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,2020/6/13,22,巩固练习：1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？,Mr.JohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.,Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.,Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?,2020/6/13,23,4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.,ShallIcallyouataxi?,Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.,Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonthssalary.,2020/6/13,24,英语基本句型5复合宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,2020/6/13,25,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice。2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。,Theyhavesetthethieffree.,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.,WecallherAlice.,Weallconsiderhimhonest.,2020/6/13,26,5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发。8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.,EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.,Hehashishaircutonceamonth.,Wewontlethergooutatnight.,2020/6/13,27,12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.,Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.,Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.,2020/6/13,28,英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.,2020/6/13,29,Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe；thereis/aregoin