中考英语名词语法.ppt

英语语法词性详解一名词,一、什么是“名词”及名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词,四、名词所有格,五、练习,、典型例题分析,、练习,（）,（）,（）,(4),(1),(2),名词:表示一类事物名称的词。,返回,可数名词,可数名词的单数形式在名词前加和，以辅音开头的名词前加，以元音开头的名词前加当名词前有形容词修饰时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词，如aninterestingbook和aredapple.,a,an,a,an,_a_u_f_r_m_apple_bike_emptycup_excitingmatch,an,a,an,an,an,an,a,an,an,注：以下字母虽然是辅音字母，但却是以元音音素开头的，f,h,L,m,n,r,sx.,可数名词,1.规则变化,2.不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s，x，sh,ch结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加-es;如：baby-babies,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注:belief-beliefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶）,safe-safes（保险箱）,gulf-gulfs（海湾）则直接加s,5、以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photophotos,pianopianos,kilo-kilos,radioradios,zoozoos；b.加es，如：potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,heroheroes(英雄),改变部分字母：woman-women妇女，man-men男人，policeman-polimen警察child-children孩子，mouse-mice老鼠,foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth牙,单、复数同形：yuan元,people人、人民,Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans,返回,不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类(water)：juice(果法),tea（茶）,soup（汤）,milk（牛奶）,cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）,肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）粉末类：bread（面包）,抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊）,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health（健康）,price（价格）食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜）,rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),junkfood（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）,不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind(种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),返回,名词所有格：表示“（某人）的”:一般在名词后加s构成。如：Jimsmother吉姆的妈妈Myteachersdesk我老师的桌子thedogsname那狗的名字若以S结尾词，则在S后加.如：theboys那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加。如：LucyandLilysmother。Lucy和Lily的妈妈（两人是姐妹）表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加。如：LucysandLilysmothers.Lucy的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹）一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：如：thedooroftheroom房间的门amapofChina一张中国地图thephotosofmymysister我妹妹的照片双重所有格，例：afriendofmyfathers,aclassmateofmine,返回,典型题例分析,例1下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1A.ChineseB.FrenchmenC.EnglishmenD.Germen,2.A.tomatoesB.photosC.radioesD.potatoes,3.A.desksB.AmericansC.friendsD.breads,4.A.storiesB.familiesC.playsD.keies,5.A.leavesB.knivesC.roovesD.shelves,6.A.clothesB.monthesC.mouthsD.fifths,返回,例2判断下列文哪句译正确：多好的消息啊！A.Whatagoodnewsitis!B.Whatgoodnewsitis!,例3单项选择Whatyouneedismore.Dontalwaysdoyouratyourdesk.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exersisesC.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises,例4单项选择Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingaparty.A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl,例5改错Mytrousersaretoolong,buthersistooshort.,返回,例6用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：Idontthinkmaths(be)easy.,例7单项选择：Mabelgaveme.A.twobreadB.somebreadsC.apiecebreadD.twopiecesofbread,例8改错：ShallIwaitforyouattheschoolsgateatfivethisafter-noon?,例9单项选择：motherisaworker.MaryandMikesB.MarysandMikesC.MarysaneMikeD.MaryandMike,返回,例10单项选择：1.Aftertheexams,weshallhaveholiday.A.twomonthsB.two-monthC.atwomonthD.atwomonths2.MrSmithis.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishwomanD.Englishmen3.WangLeiwasborninWuhan,butGuangzhouhasbecomehersecond.AfamilyB.homeC.houseD.country4.MostEnglistpeoplesfamilynamecomesA.firstB.middleC.lastD.together5.Thereisaovertheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village,例13改错Youdbetterhavewalkaftersupper.,返回,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：,1Thetwogirlsare(Japan).,2.The(baby)areasleep.,3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?,4.The(child)arewashingtheir(foot).,5.Therearetwo(people)andlotsof(sheep)inthefields.,6.September10is(teacher)Day.,7.Ithinkphysics(be)moreinterestingthanmaths.,8.Dontyouthinkthe(radio)aretoonoisy?,9.Whose(knife)arethese?,10.“Whosehouseisthis?”“Itsthe(Smith)”.,返回,单项选择：,Theboydroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffeescupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup,2.Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.A.fewyearsB.afewyearsC.afewyearD.afewyears,3.Grannyisbadlyill.Wehavetotakehertothe.A.farmB.postofficeC.shipD.hospital,4.Ihavetotellyou.A.anewsB.manynewsC.agoodpieceofnewsD.manynewses,5.aresoldinthatshop.A.MensandchildrensshoesB.MensandchildsshoesC.MensandchildrenshoesD.Manandchildshoes,6.Ifanyonecomestoseeme,askhimtoleavea.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice,7.MissSmithisafriendof.A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.MarymothersD.MothersofMary.,8.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.pieceB.kindC.copyD.pair,9.Itsmydog.A.sisterLilysB.sistersLilysC.sisterLilyD.sistersLily,10.ShehadbeautifulblackbutIcouldseesomewhite.A.hair;hairB.hairs;hairsC.hair;hairsD.hairs;hair,返回,-Isitthebestoneof_inyourfamily?-Yes,itis.PhotoesB.photosC.photoD.photos-Whendidthese_cometovisitourvillage?-LastOctober.AmericansB.AmericanC.AmericenD.Americas-WhatdidJackdoyesterday?-Hewenttoa_tobuyapairofnew_.shoesshop;shoeB.shoeshop;shoeshoesshop;shoesD.shoeshop;shoes,A,A,D,4.-AssoonasIsawhim,Iknewthenews_good.AreB.wereC.wasD.is5.Footballwasonce_game,butnowmanygirlsareplayingit.A.boyB.boysC.aboysD.aboys,C,D,名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes,注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans,1.名词前的修饰词：放在可数名词复数前的有：many(许多）,few（很少）,afew（一些）,放在不可数名词复数前的有:much(许多）,little（很少）,alittle（一些）(可数、不可数前）都可放的词有：alotof,lotsof(许多）,some（一些）,2.有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼,3.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics