高中英语复习《非谓语动词用法》PPT课件

非谓语动词,一、认识非谓语动词,1.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV.2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier.3.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherselfheard.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,非谓语动词,动词不定式分词动名词,现在分词,过去分词,三、动词不定式（短语）,(1)不定式的基本形式是“（to+）动词原形”(2)不定式的句法作用1.作主语Toaskhimforhelpisnecessary.Itisnecessarytoaskhimforhelp.Tohelppoorpeopleisourduty.Itisourdutytohelppoorpeople.Ittookustwohourstogettherebybike.,2.作表语,Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.(Tobecomeapopsingerisherwish.)Whathewantedtodothenwas(to)gooutforawalk.(Togooutforawalkwaswhathewantedtodothen.),3.作宾语,Iexpecttoseeyoutomorrow.Shewantedtoborrowmydictionary.Ourteacherhelped(to)cleantheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.,能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,like,wish,hope,continue,manage,try,offer,start,forget,remember,decide,agree,learn,pretend,mean,expect,desire,promise，help等。,IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.Wethoughtitbettertostartearly.Ifeelitmydutytohelpmyclassmateswhiletheyareintrouble.,形式主语和形式宾语只能用it来充当。,Doyouthinkthatnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage?,it,4.作定语,Ihavealotofworktodothisweek.Isthereanythingtosayforyourself?,Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.Theexaminationiscoming.Buthecantfindaquietroomtostudyin.,不定式只能作后置定语。不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系，因此有时须在不定式后加上适当的介词以保证这种关系成立。,5.作状语,Hewenthometoseehisparents.Idecidedtoworkharder(inorder/soas)tocatchupwithmyclassmates.To(Inorderto)catchupwithmyclassmates,Idecidedtoworkharder.Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Thisbookiseasyenoughformetoread.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.,6.补语（宾补、主补）,Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.Sheissaidtobeafamouswriter.Icanthelpyou(to)cleantheroom.Imbusynow.Isawherwalkintothehalljustnow.,动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用动词原形时，表示动作的整个过程Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,（3）不定式的几种特殊形式,连接代词/连接副词+动词不定式Idontknowwhattodonext.Hermotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.Whattodonextisstillunknowntome.Myquestioniswhattodonext.,不定式的复合结构Itisimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisimportantforus.Itisunwiseofhimtogotherealone.Heisunwisetogotherealone.of表示人的内在特征、性格等，与某个具体的人有关，如nice,foolish,honest,wise等，而当强调某事怎样时，常用for,如important,necessary,等,四、分词（短语）,(1)现在分词的基本形式,(2)过去分词的基本形式规则动词+ed/,(3)现在分词的句法功能,作定语Thegirlstandingatthegateismysister.Thedancinggirlismysister.Thefactorymakingthesepensisasmallone.Welivedinaroomfacingthesouth.,位置（分词和分词短语）动作的时态含义/定语从句转换,2.表语,Thestorysoundsinteresting.Thenewsisverydisappointing.,现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有特征.常见的词有：exciting,interesting,discouraging,encouraging,puzzling,surprising,confusing,astonishing,shocking,inviting,charming等,3.作补语,现在分词常可用在see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have等后面作宾补。Weheardhimsinginginthenextroom.Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.,比较：Isawhimwalkintotheroom.Isawhimwalkingintotheroom.Hewasseentowalkintotheroom.Hewasseenwalkingintotheroom.,4.作状语,表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、结果或条件,Beingill,shedidntgotoschooltoday.Havingfinishedhishomework,helefttheclass-room._(walk)inthestreet,Imetafriendofmine._(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy._(notreceive)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.,Walking;Hearing;Nothavingreceived,(4)过去分词的句法功能,跟现在分词一样，过去分词在句中可以充当定语、表语、补语和状语，但其形式要简单的多.,developedcountriesfallenleavesunknownheroesboiledwater,therisensunreturnedstudentsescapedprisonersspokenEnglish,五、动名词（短语）,（1）基本形式v-ing,（2）句法功能：主语、表语、宾语（动宾、介宾）和定语。,作主语Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome.Readingaloudinthereading-roomisabadhabit.,特殊结构：Itisnouse/nogood/useless/fun/awasteoftimedoingsth.,2.作表语,Hisfavoritesportisswimming.MyjobisteachingEnglish.比较：Heiscollectingstamps.Hisjobiscollectingstamps.Thestorysoundsquitemoving.Herwishistobecomeapopsinger.Theyaretogoshoppingthisafternoon.,3.作宾语Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?,必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁,need,require,want作“需要”解时，后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通。need/require/wanttobedone=need/require/wantdoingYourcompositionneedscorrecting/tobecorrected.你的作文需要修改。Hiscoatwantscleaning/tobecleaned.他的外套需要洗了。Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。2作介词宾语动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。,下列动词或词组既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。,forgettodosth./doingsth.忘记要做某事/忘记做过某事remembertodosth./doingsth.记得要做某事/记得做过某事regrettodosth./doingsth.遗憾地做某事/后悔做过某事,trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.试一试做某事stoptodosth.停下去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事meantodosth.意欲做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事,Pleaseremember_(post)theletterforme.Iremember_(put)theletteronthedesk;butIcantfinditnow.Iamtoobusynow,soIcanthelp_(solve)theproblemforyou.Iregret_(tell)youthatyoufailedtheexamagain.Iregret_(say)suchruderemarkstoher,butIdidntmean_(hurt)her.,topost,putting,tosolve,totel